WordNet

to remain unmolested, undisturbed, or uninterrupted -- used only in infinitive form; "let her be"
work in a specific place, with a specific subject, or in a specific function; "He is a herpetologist"; "She is our resident philosopher" (同)follow
have life, be alive; "Our great leader is no more"; "My grandfather lived until the end of war" (同)live
be identical to; be someone or something; "The president of the company is John Smith"; "This is my house"
happen, occur, take place; "I lost my wallet; this was during the visit to my parents house"; "There were two hundred people at his funeral"; "There was a lot of noise in the kitchen"
have the quality of being; (copula, used with an adjective or a predicate noun); "John is rich"; "This is not a good answer"
occupy a certain position or area; be somewhere; "Where is my umbrella?" "The toolshed is in the back"; "What is behind this behavior?"
spend or use time; "I may be an hour"
stake on the outcome of an issue; "I bet $100 on that new horse"; "She played all her money on the dark horse" (同)wager, play
the act of gambling; "he did it on a bet" (同)wager
maintain with or as if with a bet; "I bet she will be there!" (同)wager
second in order of importance; "the candidate, considered a beta male, was perceived to be unable to lead his party to victory"
the 2nd letter of the Greek alphabet
preliminary or testing stage of a software or hardware product; "a beta version"; "beta software"
beets (同)genus Beta

PrepTutorEJDIC

《連結語として補語を伴なって…『である』,…だ,…です / 《位置・場所を表す語句を伴って》(…に)『ある』,いる(occupy a place or situation) / 〈物事が〉『存在する』,ある(exist);〈生物が〉生存する,生きている(live) / 行われる,起こる,発生する(take place, occur) / 存続する,そのままでいる(remain as before) / 《『be to』 do》 / …する予定である,…することになっている / …すべきだ / 《受動態の不定詞を伴って》…できる / 《命令》…するのだ / 《条件節に》…する意図がある / 《『if…were to』 do》…するとしたなら / 《『be』 do『ing』》《進行形》 / 《進行中の動作》…している,しつつある / 《近い未来》…しようとしている,するつもり / 《動作の反復》(いつも)…している / 《『be』+『他動詞の過去分詞』》《受動態》…される,されている / 《『be』+『自動詞の過去分詞』》《完了形》…した[状態にある]
『かけ』・(…との)かけ《+『with』+『名』》 / かけた物(金) / かけの対象 / 〈金・物〉'を'『かける』 / (かけ事・ゲームなどで)〈人〉‘と'『かけをする』《+『名』〈人〉+『on』+『名』》 / (…に)『かける』《+『on』(『against』)+『名』(one's do『ing』)》
ベータ(ギリシア語アルファベットの第2文字;B,β;英語のB,b に遭当)

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/07/19 11:55:22」(JST)

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[Wiki en表示]

The beta-1 adrenergic receptor (β₁ adrenoreceptor), also known as ADRB1, is a beta-adrenergic receptor, and also denotes the human gene encoding it.^[1] It is a G-protein coupled receptor associated with the Gs heterotrimeric G-protein and is expressed predominantly in cardiac tissue.

Receptor

Actions

Actions of the β₁ receptor include:

stimulate viscous, amylase-filled secretions from salivary glands^[2]
Increase cardiac output
- Increase heart rate^[3] in sinoatrial node (SA node) (chronotropic effect)
- Increase atrial cardiac muscle contractility. (inotropic effect)
- Increases contractility and automaticity^[3] of ventricular cardiac muscle.
- Increases conduction and automaticity^[3] of atrioventricular node (AV node)
Renin release from juxtaglomerular cells.^[3]
Lipolysis in adipose tissue.^[3]
Receptor also present in cerebral cortex.

Agonists

Isoprenaline has higher affinity for β₁ than adrenaline, which, in turn, binds with higher affinity than noradrenaline at physiologic concentrations. Selective agonists to the beta-1 receptor are:

Denopamine
Dobutamine^[2] (in cardiogenic shock)
Xamoterol^[2] (cardiac stimulant)

Antagonists

(Beta blockers) β1-selective ones are:

Acebutolol (in hypertension, angina pectoris and arrhythmias)
Atenolol^[2] (in hypertension, coronary heart disease, arrhythmias and myocardial infarction)
Betaxolol (in hypertension and glaucoma)
Bisoprolol^[4] (in hypertension, coronary heart disease, arrhythmias, myocardial infarction and ischemic heart diseases)
Esmolol (in arrhythmias)
Metoprolol^[2] (in hypertension, coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction and heart failure)
Nebivolol (in hypertension)
Vortioxetine (antidepressant)

Mechanism

G_s renders adenylate cyclase activated, resulting in increase of cAMP.

Gene

Specific polymorphisms in the ADRB1 gene have been shown to affect the resting heart rate and can be involved in heart failure.^[1]

Interactions

Beta-1 adrenergic receptor has been shown to interact with DLG4^[5] and GIPC1.^[6] Interaction between testosterone and β-1 ARs have been shown in anxiolytic behaviors in the basolateral amygdala.^[7]

References

^ ^a ^b "Entrez Gene: ADRB1 adrenergic, beta-1-, receptor".
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Rang, H. P. (2003). Pharmacology. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone. ISBN 0-443-07145-4. Page 163
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Fitzpatrick, David; Purves, Dale; Augustine, George (2004). "Table 20:2". Neuroscience (Third ed.). Sunderland, Mass: Sinauer. ISBN 0-87893-725-0.
^ American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, Inc. (2005-01-01). "Bisoprolol". MedlinePlus Drug Information. U.S. National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health. Archived from the original on 2008-05-20. Retrieved 2008-06-06.
^ Hu LA, Tang Y, Miller WE, Cong M, Lau AG, Lefkowitz RJ, Hall RA (Dec 2000). "beta 1-adrenergic receptor association with PSD-95. Inhibition of receptor internalization and facilitation of beta 1-adrenergic receptor interaction with N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors". The Journal of Biological Chemistry 275 (49): 38659–66. doi:10.1074/jbc.M005938200. PMID 10995758.
^ Hu LA, Chen W, Martin NP, Whalen EJ, Premont RT, Lefkowitz RJ (Jul 2003). "GIPC interacts with the beta1-adrenergic receptor and regulates beta1-adrenergic receptor-mediated ERK activation". The Journal of Biological Chemistry 278 (28): 26295–301. doi:10.1074/jbc.M212352200. PMID 12724327.
^ Mard-Soltani M, Kesmati M, Khajehpour L, Rasekh A, Shamshirgar-Zadeh A (April 2012). "Interaction between Anxiolytic Effects of Testosterone and β-1 Adrenoceptors of Basolateral Amygdala". International Journal of Pharmacology 8 (5): 344–354. doi:10.3923/ijp.2012.344.354.

External links

"β₁-adrenoceptor". IUPHAR Database of Receptors and Ion Channels. International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology.

UpToDate Contents

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English Journal

Chemistry, Physiology, and Pharmacology of β-Adrenergic Mechanisms in the Heart. Why are β-Blocker Antiarrhythmics Superior?

Szentmiklosi AJ, Szentandrassy N, Hegyi B, Horvath B, Magyar J, Banyasz T, Nanasi PP1.
Current pharmaceutical design.Curr Pharm Des.2015;21(8):1030-41.
Stimulation of β-adrenergic receptors in the heart is the most effective endogenous way to increase the mechanical performance of cardiac tissues to meet the requirements of a fight-or-flight situation or stress. On the other hand, sustained activation of cardiac β-receptors initiates maladaptive
PMID 25354180

Physiological functions and pharmacological and toxicological effects of p-octopamine.

Stohs SJ1.
Drug and chemical toxicology.Drug Chem Toxicol.2015 Jan;38(1):106-12. doi: 10.3109/01480545.2014.900069. Epub 2014 Mar 24.
Abstract p-Octopamine occurs naturally in plants, invertebrates and animals with diverse functions and effects. This review summarizes the chemistry, metabolism, receptor binding characteristics, known physiological functions, and pharmacological and toxicological effects of p-octopamine. Databases
PMID 24654910

Blood pressure lowering efficacy of partial agonist beta blocker monotherapy for primary hypertension.

Wong GW1, Boyda HN, Wright JM.
The Cochrane database of systematic reviews.Cochrane Database Syst Rev.2014 Nov 27;11:CD007450. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD007450.pub2.
BACKGROUND: Partial agonists are a subclass of beta blockers used to treat hypertension in many countries. Partial agonist act by stimulating beta receptors when they are quiescent and blocking beta receptors when they are active. The blood pressure (BP) lowering effect of partial agonist beta block
PMID 25427719

Japanese Journal

Beta-Blockade Restores Muscle Sympathetic Rhythmicity in Human Heart Failure

KUBO Toshihiko,AZEVEDO Eduardo R,NEWTON Gary E,PICTON Peter,PARKER John D,FLORAS John S
Circulation journal : official journal of the Japanese Circulation Society 75(6), 1400-1408, 2011-05-25
… The current study tested the hypothesis that chronic therapy with lipophilic β-adrenoceptor antagonists augments the modulation of muscle sympathetic nerve activity variability (MSNAV) at this frequency range. … Beta-blockade increased the mean values for total power (from 0.00 to 0.50Hz; … 5.2±0.8 to 6.8±1.2U2; … P<0.001) and for harmonic MSNA spectral power across the 0.1-0.22Hz frequency range (from 0.48±0.10 to 1.50±0.32U2, F=12.2; …
NAID 10028148880

High concentrations of landiolol, a beta(1)-adrenoceptor antagonist, stimulate smooth muscle contraction of the rat trachea through the Rho-kinase pathway.

SHIBATA OSAMU,NISHIOKA KENJI,YAMAGUCHI MASAKAZU,MAKITA TETSUJI,SUMIKAWA KOJI
Journal of anesthesia 22(1), 21-26, 2008-02-20
… In our preliminary study in rat tracheas, landiolol, a beta(1)-adrenoceptor antagonist, at high doses caused gradually progressing contraction, and this contraction reached a plateau after 20 min. Therefore, this study was carried out to clarify whether landiolol could stimulate the Rho-kinase pathway or the phosphatidylinositol (PI) response in the rat trachea. … Their tracheas were cut into 3-mm-wide ring segments or 1-mm-wide slices. …
NAID 10024128507

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「beta-1 adrenergic receptor」「β1アドレノセプター」
関連記事	「adrenoceptor」「beta」「be」

「beta-1 adrenergic receptor」

ADRB1
Available structures
PDB	Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB
List of PDB id codes
	2LSQ
Identifiers
Aliases	ADRB1, ADRB1R, B1AR, BETA1AR, RHR, adrenoceptor beta 1
External IDs	OMIM: 109630 MGI: 87937 HomoloGene: 20171 GeneCards: 153
Gene ontology
Molecular function	• beta-adrenergic receptor activity; • PDZ domain binding; • receptor signaling protein activity; • G-protein coupled receptor activity; • epinephrine binding; • norepinephrine binding; • signal transducer activity; • adrenergic receptor activity; • protein binding; • alpha-2A adrenergic receptor binding; • protein heterodimerization activity; • Ras guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity; • beta1-adrenergic receptor activity;
Cellular component	• integral component of membrane; • endosome; • membrane; • plasma membrane; • integral component of plasma membrane; • early endosome;
Biological process	• positive regulation of cAMP biosynthetic process; • G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway; • fear response; • intracellular signal transduction; • adenylate cyclase-activating G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway; • negative regulation of multicellular organism growth; • cell-cell signaling; • positive regulation of cAMP-mediated signaling; • positive regulation of heart rate by epinephrine-norepinephrine; • activation of adenylate cyclase activity; • vasodilation by norepinephrine-epinephrine involved in regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure; • diet induced thermogenesis; • adenylate cyclase-activating adrenergic receptor signaling pathway; • positive regulation of heart contraction; • positive regulation of GTPase activity; • positive regulation of the force of heart contraction by epinephrine-norepinephrine; • heat generation; • brown fat cell differentiation; • response to cold; • temperature homeostasis; • signal transduction;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
RNA expression pattern
	More reference expression data
Orthologs
	153
	11554
	ENSG00000043591
	ENSMUSG00000035283
	P08588
	P34971
	NM_000684
	NM_007419
	NP_000675.1
	NP_031445.2
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse