WordNet

not dangerous to health; not recurrent or progressive (especially of a tumor)
pleasant and beneficial in nature or influence; "a benign smile"; "the benign sky"; "the benign influence of pure air" (同)benignant
kindness of disposition or manner; "the benign ruler of millions"; "benign intentions"
kidney disease that is usually associated with hypertension; sclerosis of the renal arterioles reduces blood flow that can lead to kidney failure and heart failure (同)nephroangiosclerosis

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(心・表情などが)親切な,優しい / (事情・環境・気候などが)好適な,好都合な / 悪性でない

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2018/02/04 23:23:09」(JST)

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Benign nephrosclerosis refers to the renal changes most commonly occurring in association with long-standing hypertension. It is termed benign because it rarely progresses to clinically significant renal insufficiency or renal failure.^[1]

Morphology

The kidneys appear symmetrically atrophic and there is a reduced nephron mass.^[1] The kidneys have a surface of diffuse, fine granularity that resembles grain leather. Microscopically, the basic anatomic change consists of hyaline thickening of the walls of the small arteries and arterioles (hyaline arteriolosclerosis). Under a microscope, this appears as a homogeneous, pink hyaline thickening at the expense of the vessel lumina, with loss of underlying cellular detail. The narrowing of the lumen restricts blood flow, resulting in ischemia. All structures of the kidney can show ischemic atrophy although glomerular ischemic atrophy may be patchy.^[1] In advanced cases of benign nephrosclerosis the glomerular tufts may become globally sclerosed. Diffuse tubular atrophy and interstitial fibrosis are present. Often there is a scant interstitial lymphocytic infiltrate. The larger blood vessels (interlobar and arcuate arteries) show reduplication of internal elastic lamina along with fibrous thickening of the media (fibroelastic hyperplasia) and the subintima.^[1]

Clinical Course

Benign nephrosclerosis alone hardly ever causes severe damage to the kidney, except in susceptible populations, such as African Americans, where it may lead to uremia and death. However, all persons with this disease usually show some functional impairment, such as loss of concentration or a variably diminished GFR. A mild degree of proteinuria is a frequent finding.^[2]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Robert W. Schrier (2010). Renal and Electrolyte Disorders. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. pp. 296–. ISBN 978-1-60831-072-2.
^ Robbins, Stanley L.; Kumar, Vinay (2007). Robbins basic pathology. Saunders/Elsevier. ISBN 0-8089-2366-8.

UpToDate Contents

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1. 高血圧性腎硬化症の臨床的特徴、診断および治療 clinical features diagnosis and treatment of hypertensive nephrosclerosis
2. アテローム性腎動脈狭窄に起因する慢性腎疾患の臨床症状および診断 clinical manifestations and diagnosis of chronic kidney disease resulting from atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis
3. 成人における高血圧の概要 overview of hypertension in adults
4. 黒人における高血圧合併症 hypertensive complications in blacks
5. 高血圧におけるACE阻害剤の腎への効果 renal effects of ace inhibitors in hypertension

English Journal

Clinico-pathological characteristics and outcomes of patients with biopsy-proven hypertensive nephrosclerosis: a retrospective cohort study.

Liang S1, Le W2, Liang D2, Chen H2, Xu F2, Chen H2, Liu Z2, Zeng C3.
BMC nephrology.BMC Nephrol.2016 Apr 11;17:42. doi: 10.1186/s12882-016-0254-2.
PMID 27066888

Effect of Proteinuria and Glomerular Filtration Rate on Renal Outcome in Patients with Biopsy-Proven Benign Nephrosclerosis.

Sumida K1,2, Hoshino J1,2, Ueno T1, Mise K1, Hayami N1,2, Suwabe T1,2, Kawada M2, Imafuku A2, Hiramatsu R2, Hasegawa E2, Yamanouchi M2, Sawa N2, Fujii T3, Ohashi K3,4, Takaichi K1,2,5, Ubara Y1,2,5.
PloS one.PLoS One.2016 Jan 25;11(1):e0147690. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0147690. eCollection 2016.
PMID 26809068

[Benign nephrosclerosis and malignant nephrosclerosis].

Kohagura K, Ohya Y.
Nihon Jinzo Gakkai shi.Nihon Jinzo Gakkai Shi.2016;58(2):85-91.
PMID 27169256

Japanese Journal

良性腎硬化症と悪性腎硬化症 (特集腎硬化症)

The Japanese journal of nephrology = 日本腎臓学会誌 58(2), 85-91, 2016
NAID 40020813199

後天性血友病Aに対し，プレドニゾロン投与とDFPP（double filtration plasmapheresis）が奏功した血液維持透析患者の1例

日本透析医学会雑誌 46(10), 1007-1013, 2013
NAID 130003385718

Pathological influence of obesity on renal structural changes in chronic kidney disease

Clinical and experimental nephrology 13(4), 332-340, 2009-08-01
NAID 10025586697

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