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the 1st letter of the Roman alphabet (同)a
the blood group whose red cells carry the A antigen (同)type_A, group A
a public promotion of some product or service (同)advertisement, advertizement, advertising, advertizing, advert
a substance in photosensitive bacteria that is related to but different from chlorophyll of higher plants

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answer / ampere
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Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/12/14 16:36:45」(JST)

wiki en

Bacteriochlorophyll a. R is phytyl or geranylgeranyl.

Bacteriochlorophylls are photosynthetic pigments that occur in various phototrophic bacteria. They were discovered by C. B. van Niel in 1932 . They are related to chlorophylls, which are the primary pigments in plants, algae, and cyanobacteria. Groups that contain bacteriochlorophyll conduct photosynthesis, but do not produce oxygen. They use wavelengths of light not absorbed by plants or Cyanobacteria. Different groups contain different types of bacteriochlorophyll:

Pigment	Bacterial group	in vivo infrared absorption maximum (nm)
Bacteriochlorophyll a	Purple bacteria, Heliobacteria, Green Sulfur Bacteria, Chloroflexi, Chloracidobacterium thermophilum^[1]	805, 830-890
Bacteriochlorophyll b	Purple bacteria	835-850, 1020-1040
Bacteriochlorophyll c	Green sulfur bacteria, Chloroflexi, C. thermophilum	745-755
Bacteriochlorophyll c_s	Chloroflexi	740
Bacteriochlorophyll d	Green sulfur bacteria	705-740
Bacteriochlorophyll e	Green sulfur bacteria	719-726
Bacteriochlorophyll f	Green sulfur bacteria (currently found only through mutation; natural may exist)^[2]	700-710
Bacteriochlorophyll g	Heliobacteria	670, 788

Bacteriochlorophylls a, b, and g are bacteriochlorins, meaning their molecules have a bacteriochlorin macrocycle ring with two reduced pyrrole rings (B and D). Bacteriochlorophylls c, d, e, and f are chlorins, meaning their molecules have a chlorin macrocycle ring with one reduced pyrrole ring (D).

Chemical structures comparing porphin, chlorin, bacteriochlorin, and isobacteriochlorin. Note relocation of C=C double bond between the two bacteriochlorin isomers. There are two π electrons (symbolized by π e^-) for every double bond in the macrocycle.

References

^ Bryant, Donald A. et al. (2007-07-27), "Candidatus Chloracidobacterium thermophilum: An Aerobic Phototrophic Acidobacterium", Science 317 (5837): 523–526, doi:10.1126/science.1143236, PMID 17656724
^ Vogl, Kajetan et al. (2012-08-10), "Bacteriochlorophyll f: properties of chlorosomes containing the "forbidden chlorophyll"", Front. Microbiol. 3: 1–12, doi:10.3389/fmicb.2012.00298, PMID 22908012 |chapter= ignored (help)

English Journal

Broadened Substrate Specificity of 3-Hydroxyethyl Bacteriochlorophyllide a Dehydrogenase (BchC) Indicates a New Route for the Biosynthesis of Bacteriochlorophyll a.

Lange C1, Kiesel S1, Peters S1, Virus S1, Scheer H2, Jahn D1, Moser J3.
The Journal of biological chemistry.J Biol Chem.2015 Jun 18. pii: jbc.M115.660555. [Epub ahead of print]
Bacteriochlorophyll a biosynthesis requires formation of a 3-hydroxyethyl group on pyrrole ring A which gets subsequently converted into a 3-acetyl group by 3-vinyl bacteriochlorophyllide a hydratase (BchF) followed by 3-hydroxyethyl bacteriochlorophyllide a dehydrogenase (BchC). Heterologous overpr
PMID 26088139

Conformational switching in a light-harvesting protein as followed by single-molecule spectroscopy.

Gall A1, Ilioaia C2, Krüger TP3, Novoderezhkin VI4, Robert B2, van Grondelle R5.
Biophysical journal.Biophys J.2015 Jun 2;108(11):2713-20. doi: 10.1016/j.bpj.2015.04.017.
Among the ultimate goals of protein physics, the complete, experimental description of the energy paths leading to protein conformational changes remains a challenge. Single protein fluorescence spectroscopy constitutes an approach of choice for addressing protein dynamics, and, among naturally fluo
PMID 26039172

Skin Anti-aging Activities of Bacteriochlorophyll a from Photosynthetic Bacteria, Rhodobacter sphaeroides.

Kim NY1, Yim TB2, Lee HY3.
Journal of microbiology and biotechnology.J Microbiol Biotechnol.2015 Jun 2. [Epub ahead of print]
In this work, the anti-aging skin effects of bacteriochlorophyll a isolated from Rhodobacter sphaeroides are first reported with notably low cytotoxicity in the range of 1 to 14 % in adding 0.00078 (%, w/w) of the extracts, by comparing the normal growth of both human dermal fibroblast and keratinoc
PMID 26032367

Japanese Journal

Biosynthesis of bacteriochlorophyll c derivatives possessing chlorine and bromine atoms at the terminus of esterifying chains in the green sulfur bacterium Chlorobaculum tepidum

Saga Yoshitaka,Hayashi Keisuke,Mizoguchi Tadashi [他]
Journal of bioscience and bioengineering 118(1), 82-87, 2014-07
NAID 40020130197

Biosynthesis of bacteriochlorophyll c derivatives possessing chlorine and bromine atoms at the terminus of esterifying chains in the green sulfur bacterium Chlorobaculum tepidum(BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING)

Saga Yoshitaka,Hayashi Keisuke,Mizoguchi Tadashi,Tamiaki Hitoshi
Journal of bioscience and bioengineering 118(1), 82-87, 2014-07
The green sulfur photosynthetic bacterium Chlorobaculum tepidum newly produced BChl c derivatives possessing a chlorine or bromine atom at the terminus of the esterifying chain in the 17-propionate re …
NAID 110009838774