バクテリア人工染色体
- 関
- BAC
WordNet
- not arising from natural growth or characterized by vital processes
- artificially formal; "that artificial humility that her husband hated"; "contrived coyness"; "a stilted letter of acknowledgment"; "when people try to correct their speech they develop a stilted pronunciation" (同)contrived, hokey, stilted
- contrived by art rather than nature; "artificial flowers"; "artificial flavoring"; "an artificial diamond"; "artificial fibers"; "artificial sweeteners" (同)unreal
- (microbiology) single-celled or noncellular spherical or spiral or rod-shaped organisms lacking chlorophyll that reproduce by fission; important as pathogens and for biochemical properties; taxonomy is difficult; often considered to be plants (同)bacterium
- relating to or caused by bacteria; "bacterial infection"
- a threadlike strand of DNA in the cell nucleus that carries the genes in a linear order; "humans have 22 chromosome pairs plus two sex chromosomes"
PrepTutorEJDIC
- 『人造の』,『人工の』,人為的な / 模造の / 不自然な,見せかけの
- 『バクテリア』,細菌
- バクテリアの,細菌の
- 染色体
Wikipedia preview
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/12/16 13:31:29」(JST)
[Wiki en表示]
A bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) is a DNA construct, based on a functional fertility plasmid (or F-plasmid), used for transforming and cloning in bacteria, usually E. coli.[1][2][3] F-plasmids play a crucial role because they contain partition genes that promote the even distribution of plasmids after bacterial cell division. The bacterial artificial chromosome's usual insert size is 150-350 kbp.[4] A similar cloning vector called a PAC has also been produced from the bacterial P1-plasmid.
BACs are often used to sequence the genome of organisms in genome projects, for example the Human Genome Project. A short piece of the organism's DNA is amplified as an insert in BACs, and then sequenced. Finally, the sequenced parts are rearranged in silico, resulting in the genomic sequence of the organism. BACs were replaced with faster and less laborious sequencing methods like whole genome shotgun sequencing and now more recently next-gen sequencing.
Contents
- 1 Common gene components
- 2 Contribution to models of disease
- 2.1 Inherited disease
- 2.2 Infectious disease
- 3 See also
- 4 References
- 5 External links
Common gene components
- repE
- for plasmid replication and regulation of copy number.
- parA and parB
- for partitioning F plasmid DNA to daughter cells during division and ensures stable maintenance of the BAC.
- A selectable marker
- for antibiotic resistance; some BACs also have lacZ at the cloning site for blue/white selection.
- T7 & Sp6
- phage promoters for transcription of inserted genes.
Contribution to models of disease
Inherited disease
BACs are now being utilized to a greater extent in modelling genetic diseases, often alongside transgenic mice. BACs have been useful in this field as complex genes may have several regulatory sequences upstream of the encoding sequence, including various promoter sequences that will govern a gene's expression level. BACs have been used to some degree of success with mice when studying neurological diseases such as Alzheimer's disease or as in the case of aneuploidy associated with Down syndrome. There have also been instances when they have been used to study specific oncogenes associated with cancers. They are transferred over to these genetic disease models by electroporation/transformation, transfection with a suitable virus or microinjection. BACs can also be utilised to detect genes or large sequences of interest and then used to map them onto the human chromosome using BAC arrays. BACs are preferred for these kind of genetic studies because they accommodate much larger sequences without the risk of rearrangement, and are therefore more stable than other types of cloning vectors.[citation needed]
Infectious disease
The genomes of several large DNA viruses and RNA viruses have been cloned as BACs. These constructs are referred to as "infectious clones", as transfection of the BAC construct into host cells is sufficient to initiate viral infection. The infectious property of these BACs has made the study of many viruses such as the herpesviruses, poxviruses and coronaviruses more accessible.[5][6][7] Molecular studies of these viruses can now be achieved using genetic approaches to mutate the BAC while it resides in bacteria. Such genetic approaches rely on either linear or circular targeting vectors to carry out homologous recombination.[8]
See also
- Human artificial chromosome
- Yeast artificial chromosome
- Fosmid
- Cosmid
References
- ^ O'Connor M, Peifer M, Bender W (1989). "Construction of large DNA segments in Escherichia coli". Science 244 (4910): 1307–1312. doi:10.1126/science.2660262. PMID 2660262.
- ^ Shizuya H, Birren B, Kim U-J, Mancino V, Slepak T, Tachiiri Y, Simon M (1992). "Cloning and stable maintenance of 300-kilobase-pair fragments of human DNA in Escherichia coli using an F-factor-based vector". Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 89 (18): 8794–8797. doi:10.1073/pnas.89.18.8794. PMC 50007. PMID 1528894.
- ^ Shizuya, H; Kouros-Mehr Hosein (2001). "The development and applications of the bacterial artificial chromosome cloning system". Keio J Med. 50 (1): 26–30. doi:10.2302/kjm.50.26. PMID 11296661.
- ^ Stone NE, Fan J-B, Willour V, Pennacchio LA, Warrington JA, Hu A, Chapelle A, Lehesjoki A-E, Cox DR, Myers RM (1996). "Construction of a 750-kb bacterial clone contig and restriction map in the region of human chromosome 21 containing the progressive myoclonus epilepsy gene". Genome Research 6 (3): 218–225. doi:10.1101/gr.6.3.218. PMID 8963899.
- ^ Almazan F, Gonzalez JM, Penzes Z, Izeta A, Calvo E, Plana-Duran J, Enjuanes L (2000). "Engineering the largest RNA virus genome as an infectious bacterial artificial chromosome". Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 97 (10): 5516–5521. doi:10.1073/pnas.97.10.5516. PMC 25860. PMID 10805807.
- ^ Domi A, Moss B (2002). "Cloning the vaccinia virus genome as a bacterial artificial chromosome in Escherichia coli and recovery of infectious virus in mammalian cells". Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 99 (19): 12415–12420. doi:10.1073/pnas.192420599. PMC 129459. PMID 12196634.
- ^ Messerle M, Crnkovic I, Hammerschmidt W, Ziegler H, Koszinowski UH (1997). "Cloning and mutagenesis of a herpesvirus genome as an infectious bacterial artificial chromosome". Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94 (26): 14759–14763. doi:10.1073/pnas.94.26.14759. PMC 25110. PMID 9405686.
- ^ Feederle, Regina, Emmalene J. Bartlett, and Henri-Jacques Delecluse. "Epstein-Barr Virus Genetics: Talking about the BAC Generation." Herpesviridae. BioMed Central, 7 Dec. 2010. Web. <http://www.herpesviridae.org/content/1/1/6>.
External links
- The Big Bad BAC: Bacterial Artificial Chromosomes — a review from the Science Creative Quarterly
- Empire Genomics (company that sells BAC clones from genomic libraries)
- Amplicon Express (company that makes custom BAC libraries)
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Types of nucleic acids
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| Constituents |
- Nucleobases
- Nucleosides
- Nucleotides
- Deoxynucleotides
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Ribonucleic acids
(coding / non-coding) |
| Translational |
- Messenger
- precursor / heterogenous nuclear
- Transfer
- Ribosomal
- Transfer-messenger
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| Regulatory |
- Interferential
- micro
- small interfering
- piwi-interacting
- Antisense
- Processual
- small nuclear
- small nucleolar
- Y RNA
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| others |
- Guide
- Small hairpin
- Small temporal
- Trans-acting small interfering
- Subgenomic messenger
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| Deoxyribonucleic acids |
- Complementary
- Chloroplast
- Genomic
- Multicopy single-stranded
- Mitochondrial
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| Analogues |
- Xeno
- Locked
- Peptide
- Morpholino
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| Cloning vectors |
- Phagemid
- Plasmid
- Lambda phage
- Cosmid
- Fosmid
- Artificial chromosomes
- P1-derived
- bacterial
- yeast
- human
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- Biochemical families
- carbohydrates
- alcohols
- glycoproteins
- glycosides
- lipids
- eicosanoids
- fatty acids / intermediates
- glycerides
- phospholipids
- sphingolipids
- steroids
- nucleic acids
- constituents / intermediates
- proteins
- amino acids / intermediates
- tetrapyrroles / intermediates
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UpToDate Contents
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English Journal
- Estrogen receptor β expression in the mouse forebrain: Age and sex differences.
- Zuloaga DG, Zuloaga KL, Hinds LR, Carbone DL, Handa RJ.SourceDepartment of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, Arizona, 85004-2157.
- The Journal of comparative neurology.J Comp Neurol.2014 Feb;522(2):358-71. doi: 10.1002/cne.23400.
- Estrogen receptors regulate multiple brain functions, including stress, sexual, and memory-associated behaviors as well as controlling neuroendocrine and autonomic function. During development, estrogen signaling is involved in programming adult sex differences in physiology and behavior. Expression
- PMID 23818057
- Familial Alzheimer's disease coding mutations reduce Presenilin-1 expression in a novel genomic locus reporter model.
- Ahmadi S, Wade-Martins R.SourceDepartment of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Neurobiology of aging.Neurobiol Aging.2014 Feb;35(2):443.e5-443.e16. doi: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2013.07.026. Epub 2013 Sep 4.
- We have generated a physiologically relevant bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC)-based genomic DNA expression model to study PS1 gene expression and function. The PS1-WT-BAC construct restored γ-secretase function, whereas the mutant PS1 BACs demonstrated partial to complete loss of enzymatic act
- PMID 24011544
- PacBio sequencing of gene families - A case study with wheat gluten genes.
- Zhang W, Ciclitira P, Messing J.SourceWaksman Institute of Microbiology, Rutgers University, 190 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
- Gene.Gene.2014 Jan 10;533(2):541-6. doi: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.10.009. Epub 2013 Oct 19.
- Amino acids in wheat (Triticum aestivum) seeds mainly accumulate in storage proteins called gliadins and glutenins. Gliadins contain α/β-, γ- and ω-types whereas glutenins contain HMW- and LMW-types. Known gliadin and glutenin sequences were largely determined through cloning and sequencing by c
- PMID 24144842
Japanese Journal
- Application of a Bacterial Artificial Chromosome Modification System for a Human Artificial Chromosome Vector
- Yamaguchi Shigeyuki,Niwa Ryosuke,Kazuki Yasuhiro,Ohbayashi Tetsuya
- Yonago Acta medica 54(1), 21-31, 2011-03
- … Bacterial artificial chromosomes (BACs) are optimal for harboring long fragments of genomic DNA or large cDNA up to 300 kb in size. … We previously developed a human artificial chromosome (HAC) vector from human chromosome 21 using chromosome engineering. …
- NAID 120002854451
- Individual chromosome assignment and chromosomal collinearity in Gossypium thurberi, G. trilobum and D subgenome of G. barbadense revealed by BAC-FISH
- Gan Yimei,Chen Dan,Liu Fang,Wang Chunying,Li Shaohui,Zhang Xiangdi,Wang Yuhong,Peng Renhai,Wang Kunbo
- Genes & Genetic Systems 86(3), 165-174, 2011
- … The experiment on individual chromosome assignments and chromosomal diversity was conducted using a multi-probe fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) system in D subgenome of tetraploid Gossypium barbadense (Db), G. … The FISH probes contained a set of bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clones specific to 13 individual chromosomes from D subgenome of G. … All tested chromosome orientations were confirmed by the centromere-specific BAC probe. …
- NAID 130000953875
Related Links
- BAC (bacterial artificial chromosome) ベクター: 大腸菌を宿主とする人工染色体 ベクター。大腸菌プラスミドの一種Fプラスミドの複製系を利用する。最大約300 kbの 断片を安定にクローン化することができる。 PAC (P1-derived artificial chromosome) ...
Related Pictures
★リンクテーブル★
[★]
- 英
- bacterial artificial chromosome vector, BAC vector
- 関
- YACベクター、バクテリア人工染色体 BAC bacterial artificial chromosome
[★]
[★]
- 英
- bacterial artificial chromosome, BAC
[★]
- 関
- bacteria、bacterially、bacterio、bacterium
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- 関
- artificially