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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/11/10 03:41:47」(JST)
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| Avipoxvirus |
| Virus classification |
| Group: |
Group I (dsDNA) |
| Order: |
Unassigned |
| Family: |
Poxviridae |
| Subfamily: |
Chordopoxvirinae |
| Genus: |
Avipoxvirus |
| Type species |
Fowlpox virus
|
| Species |
|
Canarypox virus
Fowlpox virus
Juncopox virus
Mynahpox virus
Pigeonpox virus
Psittacinepox virus
Quailpox virus
Sparrowpox virus
Starlingpox virus
Turkeypox virus
|
Avipoxvirus infection in a Laysan Albatross chick
Avipoxvirus is a member of the Poxviridae family. The Poxviridae family is the family of viruses which cause the victim organism to have poxes as a symptom. Poxviruses have generally large genomes, and other such examples include smallpox and monkeypox. Members of the avipoxvirus genus infect specifically birds. Avipoxviruses are unable to complete their replication cycle in non avian species.[1] Although it is comparably slow-spreading, Avipoxvirus is known to cause symptoms like pustules full of pus lining the skin and diphtheria-like symptoms. These diphtheria-like symptoms might include dipitheric necrotic membranes lining the mouth and the upper respiratory tract. This disease can be transmitted to humans by unusually close contact with birds that are infected or the consuming of liquids or solids that have been in extremely close contact with an infected bird. Like other avian viruses, it can be transmitted through vectors mechanically such as through mosquitoes.[2]
Avipoxvirus is a virus that is brick shaped and is usually 200 nanometers in diameter. This is much larger than normal viruses which are around 60 nanometers in diameter. This virus can only be contracted through vectors and consumption of infected items, but they can be filtered by a special water filter. This filter is called a Large Volume Water Sampler (LVWS).
Unlike other viruses, avipoxvirus can withstand extreme dryness. With this advantage, it can spread on dust particles. This is because it has adapted to living in the dry mucous membranes of an infected host's upper respiratory tract.
As this virus is a poxvirus, it has a high mortality rate in birds, as other poxviruses have in humans. The effects of this virus might increase the difficulty of breathing, eating, and drinking significantly. Exterior lesions are restricted to the non-feathered parts of the body, usually the face and legs and are characterized by proliferative and necrotizing dermatitis.[3] Another feature of this bird pox that has been observed is the presence of blood sacs or blisters filled with bloody fluid that will collapse when pierced with a needled and allowed to drain.[4] This virus has the highest mortality rate in upland gamebirds such as pheasant, quail, and chukar, as well as in songbirds, marine birds such as seagulls, parrots, and some raptors such as the peregrine falcon. If the victim of the virus survives long enough to breed, then the offspring will become mentally retarded[citation needed].
Other names for this peculiar virus might include avian pox, fowlpox, canarypox, juncopox, mynahpox, and many other names that correspond with its peculiar characteristics.
References[edit]
- ^ Vanderplasschen, A; Pastoret, PP (2003). "The uses of poxviruses as vectors". Current gene therapy 3 (6): 583–95. PMID 14683453.
- ^ "Fowlpox in Chickens and Turkeys". The Merck Veterinary Manual. 2006. Retrieved 2007-06-21.
- ^ Fischer, John R. (1999-03-22) DISEASES OF WILDLIFE: AFIP REVIEW OF GROSS MORBID ANATOMY OF ANIMALS, C.L. Davis, DVM Foundation.
- ^ Michener, Harold and Michener, Josephine R. (1936). "Abnormalities in Birds". Condor 38 (3): 102–109. doi:10.2307/1363908.
External links[edit]
- Viralzone: Avipoxvirus
- Virus Pathogen Database and Analysis Resource (ViPR): Poxviridae
- Species Profile- Fowlpox (Avipoxvirus), National Invasive Species Information Center, United States National Agricultural Library. Lists general information and resources for Fowlpox.
English Journal
- NY-ESO-1 specific antibody and cellular responses in melanoma patients primed with NY-ESO-1 protein in ISCOMATRIX and boosted with recombinant NY-ESO-1 fowlpox virus.
- Chen JL1, Dawoodji A, Tarlton A, Gnjatic S, Tajar A, Karydis I, Browning J, Pratap S, Verfaille C, Venhaus RR, Pan L, Altman DG, Cebon JS, Old LL, Nathan P, Ottensmeier C, Middleton M, Cerundolo V.
- International journal of cancer. Journal international du cancer.Int J Cancer.2015 Mar 15;136(6):E590-601. doi: 10.1002/ijc.29118. Epub 2014 Aug 14.
- Vaccination strategies based on repeated injections of NY-ESO-1 protein formulated in ISCOMATRIX particles (NY-ESO-1 ISCOMATRIX) have shown to elicit combined NY-ESO-1 specific antibody and T cell responses. However, it remains unclear whether heterologous prime-boost strategies based on the combina
- PMID 25081390
- Outbreak-associated novel avipoxvirus in domestic mallard ducks, China.
- Zheng M, Cao H, Wei X, Qin Y, Ou S, Huang B, He M, Xia Z, Zheng L, Li J, Liu Q.
- Emerging infectious diseases.Emerg Infect Dis.2015 Feb;21(2):372-3. doi: 10.3201/eid2102.140215.
- PMID 25625217
- Adjuvant-active fraction from Albizia julibrissin saponins improves immune responses by inducing cytokine and chemokine at the site of injection.
- Sun H1, He S2, Shi M2.
- International immunopharmacology.Int Immunopharmacol.2014 Oct;22(2):346-55. doi: 10.1016/j.intimp.2014.07.021. Epub 2014 Jul 27.
- The total saponin from the stem bark of Albizia julibrissin (AJSt) has previously showed the adjuvant potentials in mice. In this study, AJSt was subjected to resin column chromatography to afford four fractions (AJS30, AJS50, AJS75 and AJS95), and these fractions were further compared for the hemol
- PMID 25075718
Japanese Journal
- Avipoxvirus phylogenetics : identification of a PCR length polymorphism that discriminates between the two major clades
Related Links
- A knowledge resource to understand virus diversity ... VIRION Enveloped, brick-shpaed 330×280x200nm. Two distinct infectious virus particles exists: the intracellular mature virus (IMV) and the extracellular enveloped virus (EEV).
- Avipoxvirus a genus in the family Poxviridae. Includes the viruses of fowlpox, pigeonpox, turkeypox and others; all poxviruses of birds are related. Avipoxvirus (ā'vē-poks-vī'rŭs), The genus of viruses (family Poxviridae) that includes the ...
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