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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』「2016/11/29 10:23:59」(JST)
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In biology, autolysis, more commonly known as self-digestion, refers to the destruction of a cell through the action of its own enzymes. It may also refer to the digestion of an enzyme by another molecule of the same enzyme.
The term derives from the Greek words αὐτο- ("self") and λύσις ("splitting").
Contents
- 1 Cell destruction
- 2 See also
- 3 References
Cell destruction
Autolytic cell destruction is uncommon in living adult organisms and usually occurs in injured cells or dying tissue. Autolysis is initiated by the cells' lysosomes releasing digestive enzymes into the cytoplasm. These enzymes are however released due to the cessation of active processes in the cell, not as an active process. In other words, though autolysis resembles the active process of digestion of nutrients by live cells, the dead cells are not actively digesting themselves as is often claimed and as the synonym self-digestion of autolysis seems to imply. Autolysis of individual cell organelles can be lessened if the organelle is stored in ice-cold isotonic buffer after cell fractionation.
Use
In the food industry, autolysis involves killing the yeast and encouraging breakdown of its cells by various enzymes. It is used to give different flavors. For yeast extract, when this process is triggered by the addition of salt, it is known as plasmolysis.[1]
In bread baking, the term (or, more commonly, its French cognate autolyse) is described as the hydration rest following initial mixing of flour and water, before other ingredients (such as salt and yeast) are added to the dough.[2] The term was coined by French baking professor Raymond Calvel, who recommended the procedure as a means of reducing kneading time, thereby improving the flavor and color of bread.[3] Long kneading times subject bread dough to atmospheric oxygen, which bleaches the naturally occurring carotenoids in bread flour, robbing the flour of its natural creamy color and flavor.[3] An autolyse also makes the dough easier to shape and improves structure.[3]
In the making of fermented beverages, autolysis can occur when the must or wort is left on the lees for a long time. In beer brewing, autolysis causes undesired off-flavors. Autolysis in winemaking is often undesirable, but in the case of the best Champagnes it is a vital component in creating flavor and mouth feel.[4]
See also
- Programmed cell death
- Sub-lethal damage
References
- ^ Kevin Kavanagh (2005). Fungi: biology and applications. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons. pp. 138–140. ISBN 0-470-86701-9. Retrieved 2010-07-25.
- ^ Gisslen, Wayne (2009). Professional baking (5th ed.). New York: John Wiley. p. 136. ISBN 0-471-78349-8.
- ^ a b c Calvel, Raymond (2001). The taste of bread : a translation of Le Goût du pain, comment le préserver, comment le retrouver. Gaithersburg: Aspen Publishers. p. 31. ISBN 0834216469.
- ^ J. Robinson (ed) The Oxford Companion to Wine Third Edition p 54 Oxford University Press 2006 ISBN 0-19-860990-6
UpToDate Contents
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English Journal
- Functional co-expression of a fungal ferulic acid esterase and a β-1,4 endoxylanase in Festuca arundinacea (tall fescue) modifies post-harvest cell wall deconstruction.
- Buanafina MM1, Dalton S, Langdon T, Timms-Taravella E, Shearer EA, Morris P.
- Planta.Planta.2015 Apr 9. [Epub ahead of print]
- MAIN CONCLUSION: Improved post-harvest cell wall deconstruction of tall fescue leaves has been demonstrated by in-planta co-expression of a constitutively expressed ferulic acid esterase together with a senescence-induced β-1,4 endoxylanase. Tall fescue plants (Festuca arundinacea) constitutively e
- PMID 25854601
- Clinical and therapeutic correlations in patients with slight acute pancreatitis.
- Munhoz-Filho CH1, Batigália F1, Funes HL1.
- Arquivos brasileiros de cirurgia digestiva : ABCD = Brazilian archives of digestive surgery.Arq Bras Cir Dig.2015;28(1):24-7. doi: 10.1590/S0102-67202015000100007.
- BACKGROUND: Acute pancreatitis is an inflammatory disease of the pancreas due to enzymatic autodigestion which can cause necrosis or multiple organ failure; its pathophysiology is not fully known yet.AIM: To evaluate the correlation between clinical and therapeutic data in patients with mild acute p
- PMID 25861064
- Evidence for a role of mitogen-activated protein kinases in the treatment of experimental acute pancreatitis.
- Irrera N1, Bitto A1, Interdonato M1, Squadrito F1, Altavilla D1.
- World journal of gastroenterology : WJG.World J Gastroenterol.2014 Nov 28;20(44):16535-43. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i44.16535.
- Acute pancreatitis (AP) is an inflammatory disease characterized by acute inflammation and necrosis of the pancreatic parenchyma. AP is often associated with organ failure, sepsis, and high mortality. The pathogenesis of AP is still not well understood. In recent years several papers have highlighte
- PMID 25469021
Japanese Journal
- Autodigestion with Molecular and Microvascular Dysfunction in Hypertension : Protease Activity and Receptor Cleavage
- Schmid-Schonbein Geert W.
- Journal of brain science 38, 4-5, 2012-03-30
- NAID 110009444530
- 広田 昌彦,大村谷 昌樹,馬場 秀夫
- 膵臓 21(2), 47-55, 2006
- 膵腺房細胞内においてaccidentalにトリプシノーゲンからトリプシンへの活性化を生じた場合,通常は,first line defenseとしての膵分泌性トリプシンインヒビター(pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor:PSTI)がトリプシン活性を阻害するため,膵腺房細胞障害は惹起されない.ところが,過度の膵腺房細胞刺激によって,PSTIの阻害能を超えたトリプ …
- NAID 130004495697
- Comparative Study of Adult Porcine Pancreatic Endocrine Cell Preparation Using a Technique of Multiple Injections and Pancreatic Duct Cannulation Without a Proteolytic Enzyme
- MORIMOTO Yoshihiko,NASU Koko,IWAMI Yukiko,NAGAI Kazutaka,EDAMURA Kazuya,OHGAWARA Hisako
- Pancreas 26(2), 185-189, 2003-03-01
- NAID 10016164181
Related Links
- autodigestion [aw″to-dĭ-jes´chun] dissolution of tissue by its own secretions. au·tol·y·sis (aw-tol'i-sis), 1. Enzymatic digestion of cells (especially dead or degenerate) by enzymes present within them (autogenous). 2. Destruction of ...
- Autodigestion definition at Dictionary.com, a free online dictionary with pronunciation, synonyms and translation. Look it up now! Thesaurus Translate Puzzles & Games Word of the Day Blog Slideshows Apps by Dictionary Log In ...
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