WordNet

relating to or perceived by or shaped like the organ of hearing; "my apprehension of words is auricular; I must hear what I read"- George Santayana; "an auricular confession"; "an auricular appendage"
pertaining to an auricle of the heart; "auricular fibrillation"
yellow-flowered primrose native to Alps; commonly cultivated (同)bear''s ear, Primula auricula
a pouch projecting from the top front of each atrium of the heart (同)auricular appendage, auricular appendix
a localized swelling filled with blood (同)haematoma

PrepTutorEJDIC

耳の;聴覚の / (心臓の)心耳の

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/12/15 10:53:34」(JST)

wiki en

Cauliflower ear (complication of hematoma auris, perichondrial hematoma, or traumatic auricular hematoma)^[1] is a condition that occurs when the external portion of the ear suffers a blow, blood clot or other collection of fluid under the perichondrium. This separates the cartilage from the overlying perichondrium that supplies its nutrients, causing it to die and resulting in the formation of fibrous tissue in the overlying skin. As a result, the outer ear becomes permanently swollen and deformed, resembling a cauliflower.

The condition is most common among prize-fighters and martial arts competitors such as boxers, mixed martial artists, wrestlers, martial artists, and in full-contact sports such as rugby football.

Prevention

A rugby player wearing a tiger-print scrum cap, a form of headgear used for shock absorption and protection to the head.

Headgear called a "scrum cap" in rugby, or simply "headgear" or earguard in wrestling and other martial arts, that protects the ears is worn to help prevent this condition. For some athletes, however, a cauliflower ear is considered a badge of courage or experience.^[2]

Treatment

Because an acute hematoma can lead to cauliflower ear, prompt evacuation of the blood is needed to prevent permanent deformity.^[3] The outer ear is prone to infections, so antibiotics are usually prescribed. Pressure is applied by bandaging, helping the skin and the cartilage to reconnect. Without medical intervention the ear can suffer serious damage. Disruption of the ear canal is possible. The outer ear may wrinkle, and can become slightly pale due to reduced blood flow; hence the common term "cauliflower ear".^[4] Cosmetic procedures are available that can possibly improve the appearance of the ear.^[5]

History

Historically, the condition has usually been seen with wrestlers.^[6] An extensive literature and serious science on this condition developed between the 1860s and the turn of the century. It was defined as "An effusion of blood or of bloody serum between the cartilage of the ear and its perichondrium, occurring in certain forms of insanity and sometimes among the sane". Alienists (psychiatrists) advanced various theories linking it to abnormalities of bone, blood, blood vessel (specifically the carotid artery) or brain in the insane. Some thought it was involved in all types of insanity, while others thought it to be worse "in those forms of insanity in which the mental excitement runs high for any length of time".

By the end of the first World War the topic disappeared from the medical press and the experts moved onto new fashions. Its mainstream acceptance as a psychiatric symptom has been said to have relevance to scientific and conceptual concerns over psychiatric diagnosis today.^[7]

References

^ Bolognia, Jean L.; Jorizzo, Joseph L.; Rapini, Ronald P. (2007). Dermatology: 2-Volume Set. St. Louis: Mosby. ISBN 978-1-4160-2999-1. ^{[page needed]}
^ Williams, Preston (2008-03-06). "For Wrestlers a Swelled Sense of Pride". The Washington Post. p. PG14. Retrieved 2008-04-02.
^ "Auricular Hematoma Drainage".
^ "Cauliflower Ear Article". Nationwide Children's Hospital: Sports Med Articles. Retrieved 23 December 2011.
^ Lukash, Frederick (21 August 2013). The Safe and Sane Guide to Teenage Plastic Surgery. BenBella Books, Inc. p. 103. ISBN 978-1-935618-63-8.
^ "Cauliflower ear".
^ Berrios, G.E. (1999). "Pieterson's 'Haematoma auris'". History of Psychiatry 10: 371–5. doi:10.1177/0957154X9901003906.

External links

Wrestler's Cauliflower Ear: Care & Prevention
Medicinenet.com

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

1. 耳介血腫およびカリフラワー耳の評価およびマネージメント assessment and management of auricular hematoma and cauliflower ear
2. 耳介（耳）裂傷の評価およびマネージメント assessment and management of auricle ear lacerations
3. 幼児および小児における軽微な頭部外傷：評価 minor head trauma in infants and children evaluation
4. 小児における耳痛の評価 evaluation of earache in children
5. 中耳外傷の評価およびマネージメント evaluation and management of middle ear trauma

English Journal

Pathology of ear hematomas in swine.

Drolet R1, Hélie P2, D'Allaire S1.
Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation : official publication of the American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians, Inc.J Vet Diagn Invest.2016 Mar 31. pii: 1040638716630768. [Epub ahead of print]
The objectives of our study were to describe the pathology of ear hematomas in swine and to add to the comprehension of the pathogenesis of this condition. The pathogenesis of aural hematomas has been studied mainly in dogs; however, disagreements exist about the precise anatomic location of the hem
PMID 27034341

Current Treatment Options for Auricular Hematomas.

MacPhail C1.
The Veterinary clinics of North America. Small animal practice.Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract.2016 Mar 21. pii: S0195-5616(16)00004-8. doi: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2016.01.003. [Epub ahead of print]
Ear disease, such as otitis externa, resulting in aggressive head shaking or ear scratching, is the most common cause of the development of aural hematomas in dogs and cats. An underlying immunologic cause has also been proposed to explain cartilage and blood vessel fragility. Numerous options exist
PMID 27012935

Endoscopic submandibular gland resection preserving great auricular nerve and periaural sensation.

Lee DY1, Jung KY1, Baek SK2.
Auris, nasus, larynx.Auris Nasus Larynx.2016 Feb;43(1):89-92. doi: 10.1016/j.anl.2015.08.013. Epub 2015 Oct 9.
OBJECTIVE: The preservation of periaural sensation is one of the most important things to improve the postoperative quality of life after performing the surgical procedures via retroauricular approach. The aim of this study is to describe the surgical technique of endoscopic submandibular gland (SMG
PMID 26454535