ascaricide

• 回虫駆除薬

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/02/17 23:53:23」(JST)

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This article is about drugs to treat roundworm infections. See acaricides for pesticides that kill mites.

Ascaricides are drugs to treat ascariasis that is caused by infections with parasitic nematodes (roundworms) of the genus Ascaris (giant intestinal roundworms). The large roundworm of pigs (Ascaris suum) typically infects pigs while Ascaris lumbricoides affects human populations, typically in sub-tropical and tropical areas with poor sanitation.

Common ascaricides include:

• Mebendazole (Vermox), causes slow immobilization and death of the worms by selectively and irreversibly blocking uptake of glucose and other nutrients in susceptible adult intestine where helminths dwell. Oral dosage is 100 mg 12 hourly for 3 days.
• Piperazine, a flaccid paralyzing agent that causes a blocking response of ascaris muscle to acetylcholine. The narcotizing effect immobilizes the worm, which prevents migration when treatment is accomplished with weak drugs such as thiabendazole. If used by itself it causes the worm to be passed out in the feces. Dosage is 75 mg/kg (max 3.5 g) as a single oral dose.
• Pyrantel pamoate (Antiminth, Pin-Rid, Pin-X), depolarizes ganglionic block of nicotinic neuromuscular transmission, resulting in spastic paralysis of the worm. Spastic (tetanic) paralyzing agents, in particular pyrantel pamoate, may induce complete intestinal obstruction in a heavy worm load. Dosage is 11 mg/kg not to exceed 1 g as a single dose.
• Albendazole, a broad-spectrum antihelminthic agent that decreases ATP production in the worm, causing energy depletion, immobilization, and finally death. Dosage is 400 mg given as single oral dose (contraindicated during pregnancy and children under 2 years).
• Thiabendazole, may cause migration of the worm into the esophagus, so it is usually combined with piperazine.
• Hexylresorcinol, effective in single dose
• Santonin, more toxic than hexylresorcinol
• Oil of chenopodium, more toxic than hexylresorcinol

Native Americans have traditionally used epazote (Chenopodium ambrisioides) for treatment, which was not as powerful as pharmaceutical compounds, but spontaneous passage of Ascarids provided some proof of efficacy.^{[citation needed]}

See also

• Parasite
• Ascariasis
• Acaricides, pesticides that kill mites

References

English Journal

• Epidemiological aspects of the first outbreak of Baylisascaris procyonis larva migrans in rabbits in Japan.

• Sato H1, Kamiya H, Furuoka H.
• The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science.J Vet Med Sci.2003 Apr;65(4):453-7.
• Larva migrans caused by the common raccoon ascarid, Baylisascaris procyonis, is a zoonotic disease of critical importance in North America. Recently we encountered the first proven outbreak of this disease in Japan in domestic rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) in a small wildlife park. In this park, r
• PMID 12736426

• Mutagenicity of DNOC in Drosophila melanogaster.

• Müller J, Haberzettl R.
• Archives of toxicology. Supplement. = Archiv für Toxikologie. Supplement.Arch Toxicol Suppl.1980;4:59-61.
• The insecticide/ascaricide dinitro-ortho-cresol (DNOC) was tested for mutagenicity in BASC or Muller-5 test with Drosophila melanogaster. The frequencies of induced sexlinked recessive lethals in premeiotic and postmeiotic germ cell stages of spermatogenesis were determined after exposure of adult w
• PMID 6776939

• The biological suppression of malaria: an ecological and nutritional interrelationship of a host and two parasites.

• Murray J, Murray A, Murray M, Murray C.
• The American journal of clinical nutrition.Am J Clin Nutr.1978 Aug;31(8):1363-6.
• The interrelationship of malaria and severe ascariasis was studied in Anjouan children with a previously described syndrome of enlarged parotids, localized forehead edema, heavy infestation with Ascaris lumbricoides, and unusual freedom from malaria. After treatment of 37 such children with the asca
• PMID 354372

Japanese Journal

• 国内飼育ウサギでのアライグマ回虫幼虫移行症集団発生の疫学

• 佐藤 宏,神谷 晴夫,古岡 秀文
• The journal of veterinary medical science 65(4), 453-457, 2003-04-25
• アライグマ回虫 (Baylisascaris procyonis) を原因とする幼虫移行症は,固有宿主アライグマの原産地である北米大陸では重要度の高い人獣共通寄生虫症として知られている.その国内での発生が,ある野生動物飼育施設のカイウサギ (Oryctolagus cuniculus) で2000年夏に初めて確認された.この施設では,9年前からアライグマ (Procyon lotor) を集団飼育 …
• NAID 110003886194

• Epidemiological Aspects of the First Outbreak of Baylisascaris procyonic Larva Migrans in Rabbits in Japan

• SATO Hiroshi,KAMIYA Haruo,FURUOKA Hidefumi
• Journal of Veterinary Medical Science 65(4), 453-457, 2003
• … Treatment of the raccoons with an ascaricide and decontamination by extensive flaming of the cages and the contaminated dirt floor of the park achieved a transient disappearance of ascarids from all 12 enclosed raccoons. …
• NAID 130000449021

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