artificial esophagus

WordNet

1. not arising from natural growth or characterized by vital processes
2. artificially formal; "that artificial humility that her husband hated"; "contrived coyness"; "a stilted letter of acknowledgment"; "when people try to correct their speech they develop a stilted pronunciation" (同)contrived, hokey, stilted
3. contrived by art rather than nature; "artificial flowers"; "artificial flavoring"; "an artificial diamond"; "artificial fibers"; "artificial sweeteners" (同)unreal
4. the passage between the pharynx and the stomach (同)oesophagus, gorge, gullet

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. 『人造の』,『人工の』,人為的な / 模造の / 不自然な,見せかけの
2. 食道(《英》oesophagus)

UpToDate Contents

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• 1. バレット食道：疫学、臨床症状、および診断 barretts esophagus epidemiology clinical manifestations and diagnosis
• 2. Barrett's esophagus: Surveillance and management
• 3. Barrett's esophagus: Treatment with radiofrequency ablation
• 4. バレット食道：自己蛍光内視鏡検査 barretts esophagus evaluation with autofluorescence endoscopy
• 5. バレット食道：狭帯域光観察 barretts esophagus evaluation with narrow band imaging

English Journal

• Assessing respiratory function depends on mechanical characteristics of balloon catheters.

• Walterspacher S, Isaak L, Guttmann J, Kabitz HJ, Schumann S.Author information Department of Pneumology, University Hospital of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.AbstractRespiratory muscle function as well as lung and chest wall mechanics are reliably assessed by esophageal and gastric balloon catheters. This in-vitro benchmark study aimed at assessing the mechanical properties of commercially available balloon catheters using an experimental model with three defined compliances (27, 54, 90 mL/cmH2O).Six catheters were investigated in four conditions: a) balloon pressure during initial inflation; b) static pressure measurements at different filling volumes; c) estimation of set compliances in the experimental lung model at different levels of superimposed pressure; d) elastic balloon properties following 16 hours of inflation.5/6 catheters showed initial pressure artifacts resulting from material adhesion. All static pressure measurements could be performed with an error <1cmH2O. Balloon-overfilling resulted in larger errors in 4/6 catheters. Compliance determined from pressure measurements via the catheters differed <5% from that determined from direct pressure measurements. 16 hours of inflation resulted in a broader working range, i.e. overfilling effects occurred at higher filling volumes.Reliability of pressure measurements and estimation of the lung model's compliance in the tested catheters are high. Filling volume appears critical for precise pressure measurement and compliance estimation. At first use, adhesion of the balloon material might prevent from reliable pressure measurement.
• Respiratory care.Respir Care.2013 Dec 31. [Epub ahead of print]
• Respiratory muscle function as well as lung and chest wall mechanics are reliably assessed by esophageal and gastric balloon catheters. This in-vitro benchmark study aimed at assessing the mechanical properties of commercially available balloon catheters using an experimental model with three define
• PMID 24381189

• Engineering functional epithelium for regenerative medicine and in vitro organ models: a review.

• Vrana NE, Lavalle P, Dokmeci MR, Dehghani F, Ghaemmaghami AM, Khademhosseini A.Author information 1 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale , INSERM, UMR-S 1121, "Biomatériaux et Bioingénierie," Strasbourg Cedex, France .AbstractRecent advances in the fields of microfabrication, biomaterials, and tissue engineering have provided new opportunities for developing biomimetic and functional tissues with potential applications in disease modeling, drug discovery, and replacing damaged tissues. An intact epithelium plays an indispensable role in the functionality of several organs such as the trachea, esophagus, and cornea. Furthermore, the integrity of the epithelial barrier and its degree of differentiation would define the level of success in tissue engineering of other organs such as the bladder and the skin. In this review, we focus on the challenges and requirements associated with engineering of epithelial layers in different tissues. Functional epithelial layers can be achieved by methods such as cell sheets, cell homing, and in situ epithelialization. However, for organs composed of several tissues, other important factors such as (1) in vivo epithelial cell migration, (2) multicell-type differentiation within the epithelium, and (3) epithelial cell interactions with the underlying mesenchymal cells should also be considered. Recent successful clinical trials in tissue engineering of the trachea have highlighted the importance of a functional epithelium for long-term success and survival of tissue replacements. Hence, using the trachea as a model tissue in clinical use, we describe the optimal structure of an artificial epithelium as well as challenges of obtaining a fully functional epithelium in macroscale. One of the possible remedies to address such challenges is the use of bottom-up fabrication methods to obtain a functional epithelium. Modular approaches for the generation of functional epithelial layers are reviewed and other emerging applications of microscale epithelial tissue models for studying epithelial/mesenchymal interactions in healthy and diseased (e.g., cancer) tissues are described. These models can elucidate the epithelial/mesenchymal tissue interactions at the microscale and provide the necessary tools for the next generation of multicellular engineered tissues and organ-on-a-chip systems.
• Tissue engineering. Part B, Reviews.Tissue Eng Part B Rev.2013 Dec;19(6):529-43. doi: 10.1089/ten.TEB.2012.0603. Epub 2013 Aug 9.
• Recent advances in the fields of microfabrication, biomaterials, and tissue engineering have provided new opportunities for developing biomimetic and functional tissues with potential applications in disease modeling, drug discovery, and replacing damaged tissues. An intact epithelium plays an indis
• PMID 23705900

• Reflux induces DNA strand breaks and expression changes of MMP1+9+14 in a human miniorgan culture model.

• Sandner A, Illert J, Koitzsch S, Unverzagt S, Schön I.Author information Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, D-06120 Halle, Germany. Electronic address: annett.sandner@uk-halle.de.AbstractGastroesophageal reflux disease has been implicated in the pathogenesis of adenocarcinoma of the oesophagus. The same applies to laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) and squamous cell cancer of the head and neck, but so far, this link has not been proven. The impact of low pH and bile acids has not been studied extensively in cells other than oesophageal cancer cell lines and tissue. The aims of this study were to investigate the pathogenic potential of reflux and its single components on the mucosa of the upper respiratory tract. We measured DNA stability in human miniorgan cultures (MOCs) and primary epithelial cell cultures (EpCs) in response to reflux by the alkaline comet assay. As matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are involved in extracellular matrix remodelling processes and may contribute to cancer progression, we studied the expression of MMP1, -9, and -14 in MOCs, EpC, UM-SCC-22B, and FADUDD. DNA strand breaks (DNA-SBs) increased significantly at low pH and after incubation with human or artificial gastric juice. Single incubation with glycochenodeoxycholic acid also showed a significant increase in DNA-SBs. In epithelial cell cultures, human gastric juice increased the number of DNA-SBs at pH 4.5 and 5.5. Artificial gastric juice significantly up regulated the gene expression of MMP9. Western blot analysis confirmed the results of gene expression analysis, but the up regulation of MMP1, -9, and -14 was donor-specific. Reflux has the ability to promote genomic instability and may contribute to micro environmental changes suitable for the initiation of malignancy. Further functional gene analysis may elucidate the role of laryngopharyngeal reflux in the development of head neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).
• Experimental cell research.Exp Cell Res.2013 Nov 15;319(19):2905-15. doi: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2013.09.004. Epub 2013 Sep 25.
• Gastroesophageal reflux disease has been implicated in the pathogenesis of adenocarcinoma of the oesophagus. The same applies to laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) and squamous cell cancer of the head and neck, but so far, this link has not been proven. The impact of low pH and bile acids has not been s
• PMID 24075964

Japanese Journal

• 形状記憶合金を用いた人工食道アクチュエータの蠕動運動特性評価(機械力学,計測,自動制御)

• 三木 寛之,奥山 武志,小平 真吾,羅 雲,高木 敏行,山家 智之
• 日本機械学會論文集. C編 76(766), 1560-1566, 2010-06-25
• … The purpose of this paper is to propose a novel peristaltic motion actuator for an artificial esophagus using shape memory alloys (SMAs). … Utilizing this characteristic features, the designed artificial esophagus was small enough to be implanted. …
• NAID 110007642558

Related Links

• Patent US6241774 - Artificial esophagus - Google Patents

Disclosed is an artificial esophagus suitable for human use that includes a fine fibrous collagen layer and a tubular outer surface. The invention generally provides a degradable artificial structure that helps maintain an existing ...

• Artificial Esophagus With Peristaltic Movement : ASAIO Journal

Artificial Esophagus With Peristaltic Movement Watanabe, Makoto*; Sekine, Kazumitsu*; Hori, Yoshio†; Shiraishi, Yasuyuki*; Maeda, Takeshi‡; Honma, Dai ... From the *Department of Medical Engineering and Cardiology, Institute ...

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関連記事	「artificial」

「artificial」

　　[★]

• adj.

• 人工の、人工的な、人為的な

関

artificially