関: arginine vasopressin、argipressin tannate

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2017/09/18 05:12:37」(JST)

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Vasopressin, also named antidiuretic hormone (ADH), arginine vasopressin (AVP) or argipressin,^[5] is a hormone synthesized as a peptide prohormone in neurons in the hypothalamus, and is converted to AVP. It then travels down the axon of that cell, which terminates in the posterior pituitary, and is released from vesicles into the circulation in response to extracellular fluid hypertonicity (hyperosmolality). AVP has two primary functions. First, it increases the amount of solute-free water reabsorbed back into the circulation from the filtrate in the kidney tubules (nephrons). Second, AVP constricts arterioles, which increases peripheral vascular resistance and raises arterial blood pressure.^[6] ^[7]^[8]

A third function is possible. Some AVP may be released directly into the brain from the hypothalamus, and may play an important role in social behavior, sexual motivation and pair bonding, and maternal responses to stress.^[9]

It has a very short half-life, between 16–24 minutes.^[8]

Vasopressin is available for use as a medication.

1 Physiology
- 1.1 Function
  - 1.1.1 Kidney
  - 1.1.2 Central nervous system
- 1.2 Regulation
- 1.3 Production and secretion
- 1.4 Receptors
- 1.5 Structure and relation to oxytocin
2 Medical use
- 2.1 Pharmacokinetics
- 2.2 Side effects
- 2.3 Contraindications
- 2.4 Interactions
3 Role in disease
- 3.1 Deficiency
- 3.2 Excess
4 History
5 Animal studies
6 See also
7 References
8 Further reading

Physiology

Function

Vasopressin regulates the tonicity of body fluids. It is released from the posterior pituitary in response to hypertonicity and causes the kidneys to reabsorb solute-free water and return it to the circulation from the tubules of the nephron, thus returning the tonicity of the body fluids toward normal. An incidental consequence of this renal reabsorption of water is concentrated urine and reduced urine volume. AVP released in high concentrations may also raises blood pressure by inducing moderate vasoconstriction.

AVP also may have a variety of neurological effects on the brain. It may influence pair-bonding in voles. The high-density distributions of vasopressin receptor AVPr1a in prairie vole ventral forebrain regions have been shown to facilitate and coordinate reward circuits during partner preference formation, critical for pair bond formation.^[10]

A very similar substance, lysine vasopressin (LVP) or lypressin, has the same function in pigs and is used in human AVP deficiency.^[11]

Kidney

Vasopressin has three main effects:

Increasing the water permeability of distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct cells in the kidney, thus allowing water reabsorption and excretion of more concentrated urine, i.e., antidiuresis. This occurs through increased transcription and insertion of water channels (Aquaporin-2) into the apical membrane of distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct epithelial cells. Aquaporins allow water to move down their osmotic gradient and out of the nephron, increasing the amount of water re-absorbed from the filtrate (forming urine) back into the bloodstream. This effect is mediated by V2 receptors. Vasopressin also increases the concentration of calcium in the collecting duct cells, by episodic release from intracellular stores. Vasopressin, acting through cAMP, also increases transcription of the aquaporin-2 gene, thus increasing the total number of aquaporin-2 molecules in collecting duct cells.^{[citation needed]}
Increasing permeability of the inner medullary portion of the collecting duct to urea by regulating the cell surface expression of urea transporters,^[12] which facilitates its reabsorption into the medullary interstitium as it travels down the concentration gradient created by removing water from the connecting tubule, cortical collecting duct, and outer medullary collecting duct.
Acute increase of sodium absorption across the ascending loop of henle. This adds to the countercurrent multiplication which aids in proper water reabsorption later in the distal tubule and collecting duct.^[13]

Central nervous system

Vasopressin released within the brain may have several actions:

Vasopressin is released into the brain in a circadian rhythm by neurons of the suprachiasmatic nucleus.^[14]
Vasopressin released from centrally projecting hypothalamic neurons is involved in aggression, blood pressure regulation, and temperature regulation.^{[citation needed]}-->
Recent evidence suggests that vasopressin may have analgesic effects. The analgesia effects of vasopressin were found to be dependent on both stress and sex.^[15]

Regulation

Many factors influence the secretion of vasopressin:

Ethanol (alcohol) reduces the calcium-dependent secretion of AVP by blocking voltage-gated calcium channels in neurohypophyseal nerve terminals in rats.^[16]
Angiotensin II stimulates AVP secretion, in keeping with its general pressor and pro-volumic effects on the body.^[17]
Atrial natriuretic peptide inhibits AVP secretion, in part by inhibiting Angiotensin II-induced stimulation of AVP secretion.^[17]
Cortisol inhibits secretion of antidiuretic hormone.^[18]

Production and secretion

The physiologic stimulus for secretion of vasopressin is increased osmolality of the plasma, monitored by the hypothalamus. A decreased arterial blood volume, (such as can occur in cirrhosis, nephrosis and heart failure), stimulates secretion, even in the face of decreased osmolality of the plasma: it supersedes osmolality, but with a milder effect. In other words, vasopressin is secreted in spite of the presence of hypoosmolality (hyponatremia) when the arterial blood volume is low..

The AVP that is measured in peripheral blood is almost all derived from secretion from the posterior pituitary gland (except in cases of AVP-secreting tumours). Vasopressin is produced by magnocellular neurosecretory neurons in the Paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus (PVN) and Supraoptic nucleus (SON). It then travels down the axon through the infundibulum within neurosecretory granules that are found within Herring bodies, localized swellings of the axons and nerve terminals. These carry the peptide directly to the posterior pituitary gland, where it is stored until released into the blood. However, there are two other sources of AVP with important local effects:

AVP is also synthesized by magnocellular neurosecretory neurons at the PVN, transported and released at the median eminence, which then travels through the hypophyseal portal system to the anterior pituitary where it stimulates corticotropic cells synergistically with CRH to produce ACTH (by itself it is a weak secretagogue).^[19]

Receptors

The following describes the actions of AVP:

Type	Second messenger system	Locations	Actions	Agonists	Antagonists
AVPR1A	Phosphatidylinositol/calcium	Liver, kidney, peripheral vasculature, brain	Vasoconstriction, gluconeogenesis, platelet aggregation, and release of factor VIII and von Willebrand factor; social recognition,^[20] circadian tau^[21]	Felypressin
AVPR1B or AVPR3	Phosphatidylinositol/calcium	Pituitary gland, brain	Adrenocorticotropic hormone secretion in response to stress;^[22] social interpretation of olfactory cues^[23]
AVPR2	Adenylate cyclase/cAMP	Basolateral membrane of the cells lining the collecting ducts of the kidneys (especially the cortical and outer medullary collecting ducts)	Insertion of aquaporin-2 (AQP2) channels (water channels). This allows water to be reabsorbed down an osmotic gradient, and so the urine is more concentrated. Release of von Willebrand factor and surface expression of P-selectin through exocytosis of Weibel-Palade bodies from endothelial cells^[24]^[25]	AVP, desmopressin	"-vaptan" diuretics, i.e. tolvaptan

Structure and relation to oxytocin

Chemical structure of the arginine vasopressin (argipressin) with an arginine at the 8th amino acid position. Lysine vasopressin differs only in having a lysine in this position.

[[File:Oxytocin with labels.png|thumb|left|Chemical structure of oxytocin

The vasopressins are peptides consisting of nine amino acids (nonapeptides). (NB: the value in the table above of 164 amino acids is that obtained before the hormone is activated by cleavage.) The amino acid sequence of arginine vasopressin (argipressin) is Cys-Tyr-Phe-Gln-Asn-Cys-Pro-Arg-Gly-NH₂, with the cysteine residues forming a disulfide bond and the C-terminus of the sequence converted to a primary amide.^[26] Lysine vasopressin (lypressin) has a lysine in place of the arginine as the eighth amino acid, and is found in pigs and some related animals, whereas arginine vasopressin is found in humans.^[27]

The structure of oxytocin is very similar to that of the vasopressins: It is also a nonapeptide with a disulfide bridge and its amino acid sequence differs at only two positions (see table below). The two genes are located on the same chromosome separated by a relatively small distance of less than 15,000 bases in most species. The magnocellular neurons that secrete vasopressin are adjacent to magnocellular neurons that secrete oxytocin, and are similar in many respects. The similarity of the two peptides can cause some cross-reactions: oxytocin has a slight antidiuretic function, and high levels of AVP can cause uterine contractions.^[28]^[29]

Below is a table showing the superfamily of vasopressin and oxytocin neuropeptides:

Vertebrate Vasopressin Family
Cys-Tyr-Phe-Gln-Asn-Cys-Pro-Arg-Gly-NH₂	Argipressin (AVP, ADH)	Most mammals
Cys-Tyr-Phe-Gln-Asn-Cys-Pro-Lys-Gly-NH₂	Lypressin (LVP)	Pigs, hippos, warthogs, some marsupials
Cys-Phe-Phe-Gln-Asn-Cys-Pro-Arg-Gly-NH₂	Phenypressin	Some marsupials
Cys-Tyr-Ile-Gln-Asn-Cys-Pro-Arg-Gly-NH₂	Vasotocin†	Non-mammals
Vertebrate Oxytocin Family
Cys-Tyr-Ile-Gln-Asn-Cys-Pro-Leu-Gly-NH₂	Oxytocin (OXT)	Most mammals, ratfish
Cys-Tyr-Ile-Gln-Asn-Cys-Pro-Pro-Gly-NH₂	Prol-Oxytocin	Some New World monkeys, northern tree shrews
Cys-Tyr-Ile-Gln-Asn-Cys-Pro-Ile-Gly-NH₂	Mesotocin	Most marsupials, all birds, reptiles, amphibians, lungfishes, coelacanths
Cys-Tyr-Ile-Gln-Ser-Cys-Pro-Ile-Gly-NH₂	Seritocin	Frogs
Cys-Tyr-Ile-Ser-Asn-Cys-Pro-Ile-Gly-NH₂	Isotocin	Bony fishes
Cys-Tyr-Ile-Ser-Asn-Cys-Pro-Gln-Gly-NH₂	Glumitocin	skates
Cys-Tyr-Ile-Asn/Gln-Asn-Cys-Pro-Leu/Val-Gly-NH₂	Various tocins	Sharks
Invertebrate VP/OT Superfamily
Cys-Leu-Ile-Thr-Asn-Cys-Pro-Arg-Gly-NH₂	Diuretic Hormone	Locust
Cys-Phe-Val-Arg-Asn-Cys-Pro-Thr-Gly-NH₂	Annetocin	Earthworm
Cys-Phe-Ile-Arg-Asn-Cys-Pro-Lys-Gly-NH₂	Lys-Connopressin	Geography & imperial cone snail, pond snail, sea hare, leech
Cys-Ile-Ile-Arg-Asn-Cys-Pro-Arg-Gly-NH₂	Arg-Connopressin	Striped cone snail
Cys-Tyr-Phe-Arg-Asn-Cys-Pro-Ile-Gly-NH₂	Cephalotocin	Octopus
Cys-Phe-Trp-Thr-Ser-Cys-Pro-Ile-Gly-NH₂	Octopressin	Octopus
†Vasotocin is the evolutionary progenitor of all the vertebrate neurohypophysial hormones.^[30]

Medical use

Vasopressin is used to manage anti-diuretic hormone deficiency. It has off-label uses and is used in the treatment of vasodilatory shock, gastrointestinal bleeding, ventricular tachycardia and ventricular defibrillation. Vasopressin is used to treat diabetes insipidus related to low levels of antiduretic hormone.It is available as Pressyn.^[31]

Vasopressin agonists are used therapeutically in various conditions, and its long-acting synthetic analogue desmopressin is used in conditions featuring low vasopressin secretion, as well as for control of bleeding (in some forms of von Willebrand disease and in mild haemophilia A) and in extreme cases of bedwetting by children. Terlipressin and related analogues are used as vasoconstrictors in certain conditions. Use of vasopressin analogues for esophageal varices commenced in 1970.^[32]

Vasopressin infusions are also used as second line therapy in septic shock patients not responding to fluid resuscitation or infusions of catecholamines (e.g., dopamine or norepinephrine).

Pharmacokinetics

Vasopressin is administered through an intravenous device, intramuscular injection or a subcutaneous injection. The duration of action depends on the mode of administration and ranges from thirty minutes to two hours. It has a half life of ten to twenty minutes. It is widely distributed throughout the body and remains in the extracellular fluid. It is degraded by the liver and excreted through the kidneys.^[31]

Side effects

The most common side effects during treatment with vasopressin are dizziness, angina, chest pain, abdominal cramps, heartburn, nausea, vomiting, trembling, fever, water intoxication, pounding sensation in the head, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, sweating, and paleness.flatulence. The most severe adverse reactions are mycardial infarction and hypersensitivy.^[31]

Contraindications

The use of vasopressin is contraindicated in the presence of hypersentivity to beef or pork proteins, increased BUN and chronic renal failure. It recommended that it be cautiously used in instances of perioperative polyuria, sensitivity to the drug, asthma, seizures, heart failure, a comatose state, migraine headaches, and cardiovascular disease.^[31]

Interactions

alcohol - may lower the antidiuretic effect
carbamazepine, chloropropamide, clofibrate, tricyclic antidepressants fludrocortisone may raise the diuretic effect
lithium, demeclocycline, heparin or norepinephrine may lower the antidiuretic effect
vasopressor effect may be higher with the concurrent use of ganglionic blocking medications^[31]

Role in disease

There may be a connection between arginine vasopressin and autism.^[33]

Deficiency

Decreased AVP release (neurogenic — i.e. due to alcohol intoxication or tumour) or decreased renal sensitivity to AVP (nephrogenic, i.e. by mutation of V2 receptor or AQP) leads to diabetes insipidus, a condition featuring hypernatremia (increased blood sodium concentration), polyuria (excess urine production), and polydipsia (thirst).

Excess

Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone secretion (SIADH) in turn can be caused by a number of problems. Some forms of cancer can cause SIADH, particularly small cell lung carcinoma but also a number of other tumors. A variety of diseases affecting the brain or the lung (infections, bleeding) can be the driver behind SIADH. A number of drugs has been associated with SIADH, such as certain antidepressants (serotonin reuptake inhibitors and tricyclic antidepressants), the anticonvulsant carbamazepine, oxytocin (used to induce and stimulate labor), and the chemotherapy drug vincristine. It has also been associated with fluoroquinolones (including ciprofloxacin and moxifloxacin).^[8] Finally, it can occur without a clear explanation.^[34] Hyponatremia can be treated pharmaceutically through the use of vasopressin receptor antagonists.^[34]

History

Vasopressin was elucidated and synthesized for the first time by Vincent du Vigneaud.

Animal studies

Evidence for an effect of AVP on monogamy vs promiscuity comes from experimental studies in several species, which indicate that the precise distribution of vasopressin and vasopressin receptors in the brain is associated with species-typical patterns of social behavior. In particular, there are consistent differences between monogamous species and promiscuous species in the distribution of AVP receptors, and sometimes in the distribution of vasopressin-containing axons, even when closely related species are compared.^[35]

References

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^ Chapman, MBBS, PhD, University of Adelaide, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Ian. "Central Diabetes Insipidus".
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^ Forsling ML, Montgomery H, Halpin D, Windle RJ, Treacher DF (May 1998). "Daily patterns of secretion of neurohypophysial hormones in man: effect of age". Experimental Physiology. 83 (3): 409–18. PMID 9639350.
^ Wiltshire T, Maixner W, Diatchenko L (December 2011). "Relax, you won't feel the pain". Nature Neuroscience. 14 (12): 1496–7. PMID 22119947. doi:10.1038/nn.2987.
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^ ^a ^b Matsukawa T, Miyamoto T (March 2011). "Angiotensin II-stimulated secretion of arginine vasopressin is inhibited by atrial natriuretic peptide in humans". American Journal of Physiology. Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology. 300 (3): R624–9. PMID 21123762. doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00324.2010.
^ Collège des enseignants d'endocrinologie, diabète et maladie (2012-01-30). Endocrinologie, diabétologie et maladies métaboliques. Elsevier Masson. ISBN 978-2-294-72233-2.
^ Salata RA, Jarrett DB, Verbalis JG, Robinson AG (March 1988). "Vasopressin stimulation of adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH) in humans. In vivo bioassay of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) which provides evidence for CRF mediation of the diurnal rhythm of ACTH". The Journal of Clinical Investigation. 81 (3): 766–74. PMC 442524 . PMID 2830315. doi:10.1172/JCI113382.
^ Bielsky IF, Hu SB, Szegda KL, Westphal H, Young LJ (March 2004). "Profound impairment in social recognition and reduction in anxiety-like behavior in vasopressin V1a receptor knockout mice". Neuropsychopharmacology. 29 (3): 483–93. PMID 14647484. doi:10.1038/sj.npp.1300360.
^ Wersinger SR, Caldwell HK, Martinez L, Gold P, Hu SB, Young WS (August 2007). "Vasopressin 1a receptor knockout mice have a subtle olfactory deficit but normal aggression". Genes, Brain, and Behavior. 6 (6): 540–51. PMID 17083331. doi:10.1111/j.1601-183X.2006.00281.x.
^ Lolait SJ, Stewart LQ, Jessop DS, Young WS, O'Carroll AM (February 2007). "The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis response to stress in mice lacking functional vasopressin V1b receptors". Endocrinology. 148 (2): 849–56. PMC 2040022 . PMID 17122081. doi:10.1210/en.2006-1309.
^ Wersinger SR, Kelliher KR, Zufall F, Lolait SJ, O'Carroll AM, Young WS (December 2004). "Social motivation is reduced in vasopressin 1b receptor null mice despite normal performance in an olfactory discrimination task". Hormones and Behavior. 46 (5): 638–45. PMID 15555506. doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2004.07.004.
^ Kanwar S, Woodman RC, Poon MC, Murohara T, Lefer AM, Davenpeck KL, Kubes P (October 1995). "Desmopressin induces endothelial P-selectin expression and leukocyte rolling in postcapillary venules". Blood. 86 (7): 2760–6. PMID 7545469.
^ Kaufmann JE, Oksche A, Wollheim CB, Günther G, Rosenthal W, Vischer UM (July 2000). "Vasopressin-induced von Willebrand factor secretion from endothelial cells involves V2 receptors and cAMP". The Journal of Clinical Investigation. 106 (1): 107–16. PMC 314363 . PMID 10880054. doi:10.1172/JCI9516.
^ Burtis CA, Ashwood ER, Bruns DE (2012). Tietz Textbook of Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics (5th ed.). Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 1833. ISBN 978-1-4557-5942-2.
^ Donaldson D (2014). "Polyuria and Disorders of Thirst". In Williams DL, Marks V. Scientific Foundations of Biochemistry in Clinical Practice (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. pp. 76–102. ISBN 978-1-4831-9362-5.
^ Li C, Wang W, Summer SN, Westfall TD, Brooks DP, Falk S, Schrier RW (February 2008). "Molecular mechanisms of antidiuretic effect of oxytocin". Journal of the American Society of Nephrology. 19 (2): 225–32. PMC 2396735 . PMID 18057218. doi:10.1681/ASN.2007010029.
^ Joo KW, Jeon US, Kim GH, Park J, Oh YK, Kim YS, Ahn C, Kim S, Kim SY, Lee JS, Han JS (October 2004). "Antidiuretic action of oxytocin is associated with increased urinary excretion of aquaporin-2". Nephrology, Dialysis, Transplantation. 19 (10): 2480–6. PMID 15280526. doi:10.1093/ndt/gfh413.
^ Acher R, Chauvet J (July 1995). "The neurohypophysial endocrine regulatory cascade: precursors, mediators, receptors, and effectors". Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology. 16 (3): 237–89. PMID 7556852. doi:10.1006/frne.1995.1009.
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^ Carson DS, Garner JP, Hyde SA, Libove RA, Berquist SW, Hornbeak KB, Jackson LP, Sumiyoshi RD, Howerton CL, Hannah SL, Partap S, Phillips JM, Hardan AY, Parker KJ (2015). "Arginine Vasopressin Is a Blood-Based Biomarker of Social Functioning in Children with Autism". Plos One. 10 (7): e0132224. PMC 4511760 . PMID 26200852. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0132224. Lay summary – Scientific American.
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UpToDate Contents

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1. バソプレシンおよびデスモプレシン刺激試験 vasopressin and desmopressin stimulation test
2. 昇圧剤および強心剤の使用 use of vasopressors and inotropes
3. 妊娠中期の中絶：子宮内容除去術 second trimester pregnancy termination dilation and evacuation
4. 成人における低ナトリウム血症の治療の概要 overview of the treatment of hyponatremia in adults
5. 腎性尿崩症の臨床症状および原因 clinical manifestations and causes of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus

English Journal

Tolvaptan for hyponatremia with preserved sodium pool in critically ill patients.

Umbrello M1,2, Mantovani ES3, Formenti P4, Casiraghi C5, Ottolina D6, Taverna M7, Pezzi A8, Mistraletti G9,10, Iapichino G11,12.
Annals of intensive care.Ann Intensive Care.2016 Dec;6(1):1. doi: 10.1186/s13613-015-0096-2. Epub 2016 Jan 4.
BACKGROUND: Hyponatremia is the most common electrolyte disturbance in hospitalized patients, and it represents a well-established risk factor for ICU/hospital mortality. The majority of hyponatremic states are associated with elevated arginine vasopressin levels and a preserved sodium pool. Convent
PMID 26728593

The Changing Role of Sodium Management in Cirrhosis.

Lizaola B1, Bonder A2, Tapper EB2, Mendez-Bocanegra A3, Cardenas A4.
Current treatment options in gastroenterology.Curr Treat Options Gastroenterol.2016 Jun;14(2):274-84. doi: 10.1007/s11938-016-0094-y.
OPINION STATEMENT: Hyponatremia may occur in patients with cirrhosis and ascites mainly due to water retention and an inability of the kidney to excrete free water. The main reason for this abnormality is related to the fact that these patients have portal hypertension and this leads to systemic vas
PMID 27037930

PGE2 receptor EP3 inhibits water reabsorption and contributes to polyuria and kidney injury in a streptozotocin-induced mouse model of diabetes.

Hassouneh R1, Nasrallah R1, Zimpelmann J2, Gutsol A2, Eckert D1, Ghossein J1, Burns KD1,2, Hébert RL3.
Diabetologia.Diabetologia.2016 Jun;59(6):1318-28. doi: 10.1007/s00125-016-3916-5. Epub 2016 Mar 19.
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: The first clinical manifestation of diabetes is polyuria. The prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) receptor EP3 antagonises arginine vasopressin (AVP)-mediated water reabsorption and its expression is increased in the diabetic kidney. The purpose of this work was to study the contribution of EP3
PMID 26995650

「アルギプレシン」

AVP
Identifiers
Aliases	AVP, ADH, ARVP, AVP-NPII, AVRP, VP, arginine vasopressin, Vasopressin
External IDs	OMIM: 192340 MGI: 88121 HomoloGene: 417 GeneCards: AVP
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 20 (human)
End	3,084,724 bp
Gene location (Mouse)
Chr.	Chromosome 2 (mouse)
End	130,582,554 bp
RNA expression pattern
	More reference expression data
Gene ontology
Molecular function	• protein kinase activity; • hormone activity; • signal transducer activity; • cysteine-type endopeptidase inhibitor activity involved in apoptotic process; • neurohypophyseal hormone activity; • neuropeptide hormone activity; • receptor binding; • V1A vasopressin receptor binding; • V1B vasopressin receptor binding;
Cellular component	• secretory granule; • extracellular region; • dendrite; • cytosol; • extracellular space; • clathrin-coated vesicle membrane;
Biological process	• sodium-independent organic anion transport; • positive regulation of cAMP biosynthetic process; • grooming behavior; • negative regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process; • regulation of blood vessel size; • response to organic cyclic compound; • locomotory behavior; • regulation of renal sodium excretion; • vasoconstriction; • response to testosterone; • negative regulation of release of cytochrome c from mitochondria; • positive regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration; • ERK1 and ERK2 cascade; • water transport; • maternal aggressive behavior; • cell-cell signaling; • penile erection; • response to nicotine; • positive regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure; • hyperosmotic salinity response; • negative regulation of apoptotic process; • protein kinase C signaling; • generation of precursor metabolites and energy; • positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation; • positive regulation of cell growth; • positive regulation of prostaglandin biosynthetic process; • positive regulation of gene expression; • positive regulation of cellular pH reduction; • maternal behavior; • positive regulation of vasoconstriction; • positive regulation of glutamate secretion; • positive regulation of cell proliferation; • renal water homeostasis; • negative regulation of female receptivity; • social behavior; • response to ethanol; • multicellular organismal water homeostasis; • negative regulation of transmission of nerve impulse; • signal transduction; • apoptotic process; • membrane organization;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	551
	11998
	ENSG00000101200
	ENSMUSG00000037727
	P01185
	P35455
	NM_000490
	NM_009732
	NP_000481
	NP_033862
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

Vasopressin
Clinical data
Pronunciation	/ˌveɪzoʊˈprsən/
Synonyms	Arginine Vasopressin; Argipressin
Physiological data
Source tissues	Supraoptic nucleus; Paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus
Target tissues	System-wide
Receptors	V1A, V1B, V2, OXTR
Agonists	Felypressin, Desmopressin
Antagonists	Diuretics
Metabolism	Predominantly in the liver and kidneys
Pharmacokinetic data
Protein binding	1%
Metabolism	Predominantly in the liver and kidneys
Biological half-life	10-20 minutes
Excretion	Urine
Identifiers
	IUPAC name 1-{[(4R,7S,10S,13S,16S,19R)-19-Amino-7-(2-amino-2-oxoethyl)-10-(3-amino-3-oxopropyl)-13-benzyl-16-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-6,9,12,15,18-pentaoxo-1,2-dithia-5,8,11,14,17-pentaazacycloicosan-4-yl]carbonyl}-L-p rolyl-L-arginylglycinamide;
CAS Number	11000-17-2 ;
PubChem CID	644077;
IUPHAR/BPS	2168;
DrugBank	DB00067 ;
ChemSpider	559126 ;
UNII	Y4907O6MFD;
KEGG	D00101 ;
ChEBI	CHEBI:9937 ;
ChEMBL	CHEMBL373742 ;
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C46H65N15O12S2
Molar mass	1,084.24 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
Density	1.6±0.1 g/cm3
	SMILES c1ccc(cc1)C[C@H]2C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CSSC[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N2)Cc3ccc(cc3)O)N)C(=O)N4CCC[C@H]4C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCN=C(N)N)C(=O)NCC(=O)N)CC(=O)N)CCC(=O)N ;
	InChI InChI=1S/C46H65N15O12S2 /c47-27-22-74-75-23-33(45(73)61-17-5-9-34(61)44(72)56-28(8-4-16-53-46(51)52)39(67)54-21-37(50)65)60-43(71)32(20-36(49)64)59-40(68)29(14-15-35(48)63)55-41(69)31(18-24-6-2-1-3-7-24)58-42(70)30(57-38(27)66)19-25-10-12-26(62)13-11-25/h1-3,6-7,10-13,27-34,62H,4-5,8-9,14-23,47H2,(H2,48,63)(H2,49,64)(H2,50,65)(H,54,67)(H,55,69)(H,56,72)(H,57,66)(H,58,70)(H,59,68)(H,60,71)(H4,51,52,53)/t27-,28-,29-,30-,31-,32-,33-,34-/m0/s1 ; Key:KBZOIRJILGZLEJ-LGYYRGKSSA-N ;

　　[★]

英: argipressin、argipressin tannate
関: アルギニンバソプレッシン、タンニン酸アルギプレシン

「argipressin tannate」

　　[★]

タンニン酸アルギプレシン

関: arginine vasopressin、argipressin

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v t e Neurotransmitters
Amino acid-derived	Major excitatory/inhibitory systems: Glutamate system: Agmatine Aspartic acid (aspartate) Cycloserine Glutamic acid (glutamate) Glutathione Glycine GSNO GSSG Kynurenic acid NAA NAAG Proline Serine; GABA system: GABA GABOB GHB; Glycine system: α-Alanine β-Alanine Glycine Hypotaurine Proline Sarcosine Serine Taurine; GHB system: GHB T-HCA (GHC) Biogenic amines: Monoamines: 6-OHM Dopamine Epinephrine (adrenaline) NAS (normelatonin) Norepinephrine (noradrenaline) Serotonin (5-HT); Trace amines: 3-Iodothyronamine N-Methylphenethylamine N-Methyltryptamine m-Octopamine p-Octopamine Phenylethanolamine Phenethylamine Synephrine Tryptamine m-Tyramine p-Tyramine; Others: Histamine Neuropeptides: See here instead.
Lipid-derived	Endocannabinoids: 2-AG 2-AGE (noladin ether) 2-ALPI 2-OG AA-5-HT Anandamide (AEA) DEA LPI NADA NAGly OEA Oleamide PEA RVD-Hpα SEA Virodhamine (O-AEA) Neurosteroids: See here instead.
Nucleobase-derived	Nucleosides: Adenosine system: Adenosine ADP AMP ATP
Vitamin-derived	Cholinergic system: Acetylcholine
Miscellaneous	Gasotransmitters: Carbon monoxide (CO) Hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) Nitric oxide (NO); Candidates: Acetaldehyde Ammonia (NH₃) Carbonyl sulfide (COS) Nitrous oxide (N₂O) Sulfur dioxide (SO₂)

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argipressin