くも膜の

関: arachnoid、arachnoid membrane

WordNet

relating to or resembling a member of the class Arachnida (同)arachnidian, spidery, spiderlike, spiderly
the middle of the 3 meninges (同)arachnoid_membrane

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/11/25 14:04:43」(JST)

wiki en

The arachnoid mater is one of the three meninges, the protective membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord.

It is interposed between the two other meninges, the more superficial and much thicker dura mater and the deeper pia mater, from which it is separated by the subarachnoid space. The delicate arachnoid layer is attached to the inside of the dura and surrounds the brain and spinal cord. It does not line the brain down into its sulci (folds), as does the pia mater, with the exception of the longitudinal fissure, which divides the left and right cerebral hemispheres. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flows under the arachnoid in the subarachnoid space. The arachnoid mater makes arachnoid villi, small protrusions through the dura mater into the venous sinuses of the brain, which allow CSF to exit the subarachnoid space and enter the blood stream.

The arachnoid mater and dura mater are very close together throughout the cranium all the way to S2, where the two layers fuse into one layer and terminate. Sandwiched between the dura and arachnoid maters lie some veins that connect the brain's venous system with the venous system in the dura mater. ^[1]

The arachnoid mater is named after the Greek words "Arachne" ("spider") and suffix "-oid" ("in the image of"), and "mater" (the Latin word for mother), because of the fine spider web-like appearance of the delicate fibres of the arachnoid which extend down through the subarachnoid space and attach to the pia mater.

The arachnoid mater covering the brain is referred to as the "arachnoidea encephali," and the portion covering the spinal cord as the "arachnoidea spinalis." The arachnoid and pia mater are sometimes considered as a single structure, the leptomeninx, or the plural version, leptomeninges. ("Lepto"- from the Greek root meaning "thin"). Similarly, the dura in this situation is called the pachymeninx.

CSF circulates in the subarachnoid space (between arachnoid and pia mater). Cerebrospinal fluid is produced by the choroid plexus (inside the ventricles of the brain, which are in direct communication with the subarachnoid space so the CSF can flow freely through the nervous system). Cerebrospinal fluid is a transparent, colourless fluid and it is produced at about 500 ml/day. Its electrolyte levels, glucose levels, and pH are very similar to those in plasma, but the presence of blood in cerebrospinal fluid is always abnormal.^[2]

Ultra-structural differences between the meninges[edit]

There are some minor differences among the meninges. The dura mater, the outermost part, is a loosely arranged, fibroelastic layer of cells, characterized by multiple interdigitating cell processes, no extracellular collagen, and significant extracellular spaces. The middle region is a mostly fibrous portion. The arachnoid is composed of an outermost portion (arachnoid barrier cell layer) with tightly packed cells and no extracellular collagen; that is why it is considered to represent an effective morphological and physiological meningeal barrier between the cerebrospinal fluid and subarachnoid space and the blood circulation in the dura. The arachnoid barrier layer is characterized by a distinct continuous basal lamina on its inner surface toward the innermost collagenous portion of the arachnoid reticular layer.^[3]

Distribution of the arachnoid mater within the velum interpositum[edit]

There are two subdivisions of arachnoid mater within the velum interpositum, the dorsal layer and the ventral layer. The dorsal layer covers internal cerebral veins and fixes them to the surrounding tela choroidea. The ventral layer of arachnoid membrane, on the other hand, is a direct anterior extension of this arachnoid envelope that the dorsal layer forms over the pineal region.^[4]

Additional images[edit]

Meninges
Diagrammatic section of scalp.
The arachnoid mater lies under the dura mater, and arteries and veins run on top of it.
Spinal dura mater opened, arachnoid mater visible.
The medulla spinalis and its membranes.
Spinal cord. Spinal membranes and nerve roots.Deep dissection. Posterior view.
Meninges and superficial cerebral veins.Deep dissection.Superior view.
Meninges and superficial cerebral veins.Deep dissection.Superior view.

References[edit]

^ ¨Microscopic Morphology and Histology of the Human Meninges¨. Mar2005. p22-34.
^ "The intracranial arachnoid mater". Child's Nervous system; Jan2013, Vol29, Issue 1, p17-33, 17p. Authors: Adeeb, Nimer; Deep, Aman; Griessernauer, Christoph; Mortazavi, Martin; Watanabe, Koichi; Loukas, Marios; Tubbs, R.; Cohen, Aaron.
^ ¨Microscopic Morphology and Histology of the Human Meninges¨. Mar2005. p22-34.
^ "Overview of Adult Traumatic Brain Injuries." Retrieved on 2008-01-16. The Distribution of arachnoid membrane within the velum interpositum". Acta neurochirurgica Sept2012Vol 154 Issue 9, page 1711-1715. Authors: Zhang, Xi-an; Qi, Songtao; Fan, Jun; Huang, Guanglong; Peng, Junxiang; Xu, Jiaming.

Orlando Regional Healthcare, Education and Development. 2004. "Overview of Adult Traumatic Brain Injuries." Retrieved on 2008-01-16.

External links[edit]

SUNY Figs 02:05-09
Slide

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

1. 腰部脊柱管狭窄症：病態生理、臨床的特徴、および診断 lumbar spinal stenosis pathophysiology clinical features and diagnosis
2. Polyradiculopathy: Spinal stenosis, infectious, carcinomatous, and inflammatory nerve root syndromes
3. 中枢神経系結核 central nervous system tuberculosis
4. 腰仙部神経根障害：病態生理、臨床的特徴、および診断 lumbosacral radiculopathy pathophysiology clinical features and diagnosis
5. 米国における真菌による中枢神経系感染症および骨関節感染症のアウトブレイク：疫学、
臨床症状および診断 outbreak of fungal central nervous system and osteoarticular infections in the united states epidemiology clinical manifestations and diagnosis

English Journal

Use of decorin to prevent epidural fibrosis in a post-laminectomy rat model.

Turkoglu E1, Dinc C2, Tuncer C2, Oktay M3, Serbes G4, Sekerci Z2.Author information 1Ministry of Health, Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Training and Research Hospital, 06110 Ankara, Turkey. Electronic address: drmet122@yahoo.com.2Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Duzce University, 81620 Duzce, Turkey.3Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Duzce University, 81620 Duzce, Turkey.4Istanbul Cerrahi Hospital, Neurosurgery Clinic, Nisantasi, Istanbul, Turkey.AbstractThe formation of epidural fibrosis adjacent to the dura mater is a complex multi-step process that is associated with a marked reduction in tissue cellularity and the excessive deposition of extracellular matrix components. Extensive epidural fibrosis is a major cause of post-laminectomy syndrome. Decorin strongly inhibits fibrosis formation in various tissues via blockade of transforming growth factor-β1. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a topical application of decorin on the formation of epidural fibrosis in a rat laminectomy model. Twenty-four female Wistar albino rats (250-350g) were equally and randomly divided into three groups (control, spongostan and decorin). Laminectomy was performed between the L3 and L5 levels in all rats. The dura mater was directly exposed to spongostan soaked with saline (2cc/kg) or decorin (100µg/kg). Four weeks later, the laminectomized spine of the rats was completely removed between the L3 and L5 levels. The extent of the epidural fibrosis and arachnoidal involvement was histopathologically evaluated and graded. Our data revealed that epidural fibrosis was significantly reduced in the group treated with decorin compared to the spongostan and control groups (P<0.05). Our study demonstrates that the topical application of decorin can be effective in reducing the formation of epidural fibrosis in a simple laminectomy rat model.
European journal of pharmacology.Eur J Pharmacol.2014 Feb 5;724:86-91. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.12.017. Epub 2013 Dec 25.
The formation of epidural fibrosis adjacent to the dura mater is a complex multi-step process that is associated with a marked reduction in tissue cellularity and the excessive deposition of extracellular matrix components. Extensive epidural fibrosis is a major cause of post-laminectomy syndrome. D
PMID 24374200

Optic nerve sheath meningioma: a case report with 15-year follow-up.

Vukovic Arar Z, Vatavuk Z, Miskic B, Janjetovic Z, Sekelj S, Knezevic Pravecek M.Author information Department of Ophthalmology, General Hospital "Dr Josip Bencevic" , Slavonski Brod , Croatia .AbstractMeningiomas are benign neoplastic lesions of arachnoidal cells of the meninges. These tumors may arise wherever meninges exists, such as in the nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, middle ear, and mediastinum. Optic nerve sheath meningiomas (ONSMs) are usually unilateral and occur predominantly in middle-aged females, although they may be present at any age. We present a case of a 55-year-old female with ONSM diagnosed when she was 40 years old. Diagnosis and follow-up was based on the clinical picture, CT orbit scan, and magnetic resonance imaging.
Seminars in ophthalmology.Semin Ophthalmol.2014 Jan;29(1):52-5. doi: 10.3109/08820538.2013.810279. Epub 2013 Aug 16.
Meningiomas are benign neoplastic lesions of arachnoidal cells of the meninges. These tumors may arise wherever meninges exists, such as in the nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, middle ear, and mediastinum. Optic nerve sheath meningiomas (ONSMs) are usually unilateral and occur predominantly in middl
PMID 23952009

Endoscopic transnasal approach to the pituitary--operative technique and nuances.

Zador Z, Gnanalingham K.Author information Department of Neurosurgery, Manchester Skull Base Unit, Salford Royal Foundation Trust (SRFT) , Manchester , UK.AbstractBACKGROUND: The endoscopic transnasal approach is becoming the preferred minimally invasive approach to the pituitary region. We review the key anatomical landmarks, stepwise description of the surgical technique, technical variations, indications, limitations and important aspects of peri-operative management.
British journal of neurosurgery.Br J Neurosurg.2013 Dec;27(6):718-26. doi: 10.3109/02688697.2013.798862. Epub 2013 May 30.
BACKGROUND: The endoscopic transnasal approach is becoming the preferred minimally invasive approach to the pituitary region. We review the key anatomical landmarks, stepwise description of the surgical technique, technical variations, indications, limitations and important aspects of peri-operative
PMID 23721488

Japanese Journal

Atypical Cerebellar Slump Syndrome and External Hydrocephalus following Craniocervical Decompression for Chiari I Malformation: Case Report

, , ,
Neurologia medico-chirurgica 54(7), 567-571, 2014
… The unusual features in the clinical course of this patient were an atypical CS syndrome presenting with concomitantly resolving syringomyelia, and the development of EH after a wide arachnoidal fenestration. …
NAID 130003383257

病理に基づく髄膜腫の治療方針

岡秀宏,Arie Perry,Bernd W. Scheithauer
脳神経外科ジャーナル = Japanese journal of neurosurgery 22(2), 90-95, 2013-02-20
髄膜腫はくも膜細胞から発生し, 硬膜に付着し成長する腫瘍である. この腫瘍は大部分が良性 (WHO grade I) であるが, 時に組織学的に悪性傾向を示すWHO grade IIや悪性化を示すWHO grade IIIの腫瘍が発生することがあり, 再発率が上昇する. これら髄膜腫の治療方針は基本的に腫瘍の全摘出であるが, grade Iでの再発率は7∼25%, grade IIでは29∼52 …
NAID 10031138805

BCG接種時の皮膚裂傷からEhlers-Danlos症候群と診断された超早産児の一例

杉田依里,平澤恭子,花谷あき [他],鷲尾洋介,戸津五月,増本健一,中西秀彦,内山温,楠田聡,櫻井裕之,大澤眞木子
東京女子医科大学雑誌 83(E1), E317-E322, 2013-01-31
BCG接種時に皮膚裂傷を来たしたことを契機にEhlers-Danlos症候群(EDS)と診断された超早産児の臨床経過について報告する。児は、母体の前期破水と絨毛膜羊膜炎のため、在胎期間27週6日、出生体重1100g、帝王切開で出生した。日齢1に左脳室内出血(IVH)I度を認め、日齢4には両側IVH II度へ急速に進行し、日齢17より出血後水頭症を認めた。脳室ドレナージ術のための予定気管挿管時に、胸 …
NAID 110009559382

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「くも膜」「arachnoid membrane」
拡張検索	「subarachnoidal space」「subarachnoidal」

「くも膜」

Brain: Arachnoid mater
	; Coronal view of the brain showing the Arachnoid mater and neighboring anatomical structures.
Gray's	subject #193 876
Part of	Meninges
NeuroNames	ancil-561
MeSH	Arachnoid

　　[★]

英: arachnoid、arachnoid membrane、arachnoidal

同: arachnoid

「arachnoid membrane」

　　[★]

くも膜

関: arachnoid、arachnoidal

「subarachnoidal space」

　　[★]

くも膜下腔

関: subarachnoid cavity、subarachnoid space

「subarachnoidal」

　　[★]

くも膜下の

関: subarachnoid

[1] ¨Microscopic Morphology and Histology of the Human Meninges¨. Mar2005. p22-34.

[2] "The intracranial arachnoid mater". Child's Nervous system; Jan2013, Vol29, Issue 1, p17-33, 17p. Authors: Adeeb, Nimer; Deep, Aman; Griessernauer, Christoph; Mortazavi, Martin; Watanabe, Koichi; Loukas, Marios; Tubbs, R.; Cohen, Aaron.

[3] ¨Microscopic Morphology and Histology of the Human Meninges¨. Mar2005. p22-34.

[4] "Overview of Adult Traumatic Brain Injuries." Retrieved on 2008-01-16. The Distribution of arachnoid membrane within the velum interpositum". Acta neurochirurgica Sept2012Vol 154 Issue 9, page 1711-1715. Authors: Zhang, Xi-an; Qi, Songtao; Fan, Jun; Huang, Guanglong; Peng, Junxiang; Xu, Jiaming.

匿名

検索

案内

案内

arachnoidal