アンチセンスRNA
- 関
- anti-sense RNA、antisense oligoribonucleotide
WordNet
- the 18th letter of the Roman alphabet (同)r
PrepTutorEJDIC
- resistance / 17歳以下父兄同伴映画の表示 / rook
- ribonucleic acid・リボ核酸
Wikipedia preview
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/08/20 05:16:29」(JST)
[Wiki en表示]
Antisense RNA (asRNA) is a single-stranded RNA that is complementary to a messenger RNA (mRNA) strand transcribed within a cell. Some authors have used the term micRNA (mRNA-interfering complementary RNA) to refer to these RNAs but it is not widely used.[1]
Antisense RNA may be introduced into a cell to inhibit translation of a complementary mRNA by base pairing to it and physically obstructing the translation machinery.[2] This effect is therefore stoichiometric. An example of naturally occurring mRNA antisense mechanism is the hok/sok system of the E. coli R1 plasmid. Antisense RNA has long been thought of as a promising technique for disease therapy; the first antisense therapeutic to reach the market is the drug fomivirsen, approved in 1998. Mipomersen was approved in the united states in 2013. One commentator has characterized antisense RNA as one of "dozens of technologies that are gorgeous in concept, but exasperating in [commercialization]".[3] Generally, antisense RNA still lack effective design, biological activity, and efficient route of administration.[4]
The effects of antisense RNA are related with the effects of RNA interference (RNAi). The RNAi process, found only in eukaryotes, is initiated by double-stranded RNA fragments, which may be created by the expression of an anti-sense RNA followed by the base-pairing of the anti-sense strand to the target transcript.[5] Double-stranded RNA may be created by other mechanisms (including secondary RNA structure). The double-stranded RNA is cleaved into small fragements by DICER, and then a single strand of the fragment is incorporated into the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) so that the RISC may bind to and degrade the complementary mRNA target.[6] Some genetically engineered transgenic plants that express antisense RNA do activate the RNAi pathway.[7] This processes resulted in differing magnitudes of gene silencing induced by the expression of antisense RNA. Well-known examples include the Flavr Savr tomato and two cultivars of ringspot-resistant papaya.[8][9]
Transcription of longer cis-antisense transcripts is a common phenomenon in the mammalian transcriptome.[10] Although the function of some cases have been described, such as the Zeb2/Sip1 antisense RNA, no general function has been elucidated. In the case of Zeb2/Sip1,[11] the antisense noncoding RNA is opposite the 5' splice site of an intron in the 5'UTR of the Zeb2 mRNA. Expression of the antisense ncRNA prevents splicing of an intron that contains a ribosome entry site necessary for efficient expression of the Zeb2 protein. Transcription of long antisense ncRNAs is often concordant with the associated protein-coding gene,[12] but more detailed studies have revealed that the relative expression patterns of the mRNA and antisense ncRNA are complex.[13][14]
See also
- Cis-natural antisense transcript
References
- ^ Mizuno, T.; Chou, M. Y.; Inouye, M. (1984). "A unique mechanism regulating gene expression: Translational inhibition by a complementary RNA transcript (micRNA)". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 81 (7): 1966–1970. doi:10.1073/pnas.81.7.1966. PMC 345417. PMID 6201848.
- ^ Weiss, B; Davidkova, G; Zhou, LW (March 1999). "Antisense RNA gene therapy for studying and modulating biological processes.". Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS. 55 (3): 334–58. doi:10.1007/s000180050296. PMID 10228554.
- ^ DePalma, Angelo (August 2005). "Twenty-Five Years of Biotech Trends". Genetic Engineering News. 25 (14). Mary Ann Liebert. pp. 1, 14–23. ISSN 1935-472X. Retrieved 2008-08-17.
- ^ Antisense Oligonucleotides: Basic Concepts and Mechanisms Nathalie Dias and C. A. Stein. Columbia University, New York, New York 10032
- ^ Giordano Ennio; Rendina Rosaria; Peluso Ivana; Furia Maria (2002). "RNAi Triggered by Symmetrically Transcribed Transgenes in Drosophila melanogaster". Genetics. 160 (2): 637–648.
- ^ Wilson Ross C.; Doudna Jennifer A. (2013). "Molecular Mechanisms of RNA Interference". Annual Review of Biophysics. 42 (1): 217–239. doi:10.1146/annurev-biophys-083012-130404. PMID 23654304.
- ^ Krieger Elysia K.; Allen Edwards; Gilbertson Larry A.; Roberts James K.; Hiatt William; Sanders Rick A. (2008). "The Flavr Savr Tomato, an Early Example of RNAi Technology". HortScience. 43 (3): 962–964.
- ^ Sanders RA, Hiatt W (2005). "Tomato transgene structure and silencing". Nat Biotechnol. 23 (3): 287–9. doi:10.1038/nbt0305-287b. PMID 15765076.
- ^ Chiang CH, Wang JJ, Jan FJ, Yeh SD, Gonsalves D (November 2001). "Comparative reactions of recombinant papaya ringspot viruses with chimeric coat protein (CP) genes and wild-type viruses on CP-transgenic papaya". J. Gen. Virol. 82 (Pt 11): 2827–36. PMID 11602796.
- ^ Katayama S, Tomaru Y, Kasukawa T, et al. (September 2005). "Antisense transcription in the mammalian transcriptome". Science. 309 (5740): 1564–6. doi:10.1126/science.1112009. PMID 16141073.
- ^ Beltran M, Puig I, Peña C, et al. (March 2008). "A natural antisense transcript regulates Zeb2/Sip1 gene expression during Snail1-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition". Genes & Development. 22 (6): 756–69. doi:10.1101/gad.455708. PMC 2275429. PMID 18347095.
- ^ Engström PG, Suzuki H, Ninomiya N, et al. (April 2006). "Complex Loci in human and mouse genomes". PLOS Genetics. 2 (4): e47. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.0020047. PMC 1449890. PMID 16683030.
- ^ Dinger ME, Amaral PP, Mercer TR, et al. (September 2008). "Long noncoding RNAs in mouse embryonic stem cell pluripotency and differentiation". Genome Research. 18 (9): 1433–45. doi:10.1101/gr.078378.108. PMC 2527704. PMID 18562676.
- ^ Mercer TR, Dinger ME, Sunkin SM, Mehler MF, Mattick JS (January 2008). "Specific expression of long noncoding RNAs in the mouse brain". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 105 (2): 716–21. doi:10.1073/pnas.0706729105. PMC 2206602. PMID 18184812.
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Types of RNA
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| Protein synthesis |
- Messenger RNA
- Ribosomal RNA
- Signal recognition particle RNA
- Transfer RNA
- Transfer-messenger RNA
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|
| RNA processing |
- Small nuclear RNA
- Small nucleolar RNA
- Guide RNA
- RNase P
- RNase MRP
- Y RNA
|
|
| Gene regulation |
- Antisense RNA
- Cis-natural antisense transcript
- CRISPR RNA
- Long noncoding RNA
- MicroRNA
- Piwi-interacting RNA
- Repeat-associated siRNA
- Small interfering RNA
- Small temporal RNA
- Trans-acting siRNA
|
|
| Cis-regulatory elements |
|
|
| Parasites |
- Retrotransposon
- Reverse transcribing virus
- RNA virus
- Viroid
|
|
| Other |
|
|
Types of nucleic acids
|
|
| Constituents |
- Nucleobases
- Nucleosides
- Nucleotides
- Deoxynucleotides
|
|
Ribonucleic acids
(coding, non-coding) |
| Translational |
- Messenger
- precursor, heterogenous nuclear
- Transfer
- Ribosomal
- Transfer-messenger
|
|
| Regulatory |
- Interferential
- Micro
- Small interfering
- Piwi-interacting
- Antisense
- Processual
- Small nuclear
- Small nucleolar
- Small Cajal Body RNAs
- Y RNA
- Enhancer RNAs
|
|
| Others |
- Guide
- Ribozyme
- Small hairpin
- Small temporal
- Trans-acting small interfering
- Subgenomic messenger
|
|
|
| Deoxyribonucleic acids |
- Complementary
- Chloroplast
- Deoxyribozyme
- Genomic
- Multicopy single-stranded
- Mitochondrial
|
|
| Analogues |
- Xeno
- Locked
- Peptide
- Morpholino
|
|
| Cloning vectors |
- Phagemid
- Plasmid
- Lambda phage
- Cosmid
- Fosmid
- Artificial chromosomes
- P1-derived
- Bacterial
- Yeast
- Human
|
UpToDate Contents
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English Journal
- Angiotensin II receptor one (AT1) mediates dextrose induced endoplasmic reticulum stress and superoxide production in human coronary artery endothelial cells.
- Haas MJ1, Onstead-Haas L1, Lee T1, Torfah M1, Mooradian AD2.
- International journal of cardiology.Int J Cardiol.2016 Oct 1;220:842-50. doi: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.06.094. Epub 2016 Jun 29.
- BACKGROUND: Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) has been implicated in diabetes-related vascular complications partly through oxidative stress.OBJECTIVE: To determine the role of angiotensin II receptor subtype one (AT1) in dextrose induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, another cellular
- PMID 27404504
- There has been an awakening: Emerging mechanisms of C9orf72 mutations in FTD/ALS.
- Gitler AD1, Tsuiji H2.
- Brain research.Brain Res.2016 Sep 15;1647:19-29. doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2016.04.004. Epub 2016 Apr 6.
- The discovery of C9orf72 mutations as the most common genetic cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) has awakened a surge of interest in deciphering how mutations in this mysterious gene cause disease and what can be done to stop it. C9orf72 harbors a hexanucl
- PMID 27059391
- A Bioorthogonal Near-Infrared Fluorogenic Probe for mRNA Detection.
- Wu H1, Alexander SC1, Jin S1, Devaraj NK1.
- Journal of the American Chemical Society.J Am Chem Soc.2016 Sep 6. [Epub ahead of print]
- There is significant interest in developing methods that visualize and detect RNA. Bioorthogonal template-driven tetrazine ligations could be a powerful route to visualizing nucleic acids in native cells, yet past work has been limited with respect to the diversity of fluorogens that can be activate
- PMID 27510580
Japanese Journal
- Clusterin is a potential molecular predictor for ovarian cancer patient's survival: targeting Clusterin improves response to paclitaxel
- Hassan Mohamed K.,Watari Hidemichi,Han Yimin,Mitamura Takashi,Hosaka Masayoshi,Wang Lei,Tanaka Shinya,Sakuragi Noriaki
- Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research 30, 113, 2011-12-20
- … We used small interference RNA to knock down CLU in the chemo-resistant ovarian cancer cell lines. … Either siRNA or second generation antisense oligodeoxynucleotide against CLU (OGX-011), which is currently evaluated in clinical phase II trials in other cancers, was used to modulate sensitivity to paclitaxel (TX) in ovarian cancer cells in vitro. …
- NAID 120003898294
- 筋強直性ジストロフィー : 異常RNAによる病態機序と新たな治療法の探索 (特集 筋疾患update)
- 中森 雅之,高橋 正紀
- Brain and nerve : 神経研究の進歩 63(11), 1161-1168, 2011-11
- NAID 40019060949
Related Links
- Antisense RNA also occurs naturally Do cells contain genes that are naturally translated into antisense RNA molecules capable of blocking the translation of other genes in the cell? The answer is yes, and these seem to represent ...
- Direct detection by sequencing Several of the first chromosomally-encoded antisense RNAs were found by the sequencing of cDNA clones obtained from various pools of RNA. Such a screen in E. coli yielded the 77 ...
★リンクテーブル★
[★]
- 関
- anti-sense RNA、antisense RNA
[★]
- 関
- antisense oligoribonucleotide、antisense RNA
[★]
[★]
- 同
- リボ核酸 ribonucleic acid RNA
- 関
- DNA
[★]
アンチセンス
- 関
- a.s.、AS