抗原虫剤
WordNet
- use recreational drugs (同)do drugs
- administer a drug to; "They drugged the kidnapped tourist" (同)dose
- a substance that is used as a medicine or narcotic
- a medicinal drug used to fight diseases (like malaria) that are caused by protozoa (同)antiprotozoal_drug
PrepTutorEJDIC
- 『薬』,薬品,薬剤 / 『麻薬』,麻酔剤 / 〈人〉‘に'薬(特に麻酔剤)を与える / 〈飲食物〉‘に'(麻酔薬・毒薬などの)薬を混ぜる
Wikipedia preview
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/02/05 20:31:01」(JST)
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This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (December 2009) |
Antiprotozoal agents (ATC code: ATC P01) is a class of pharmaceuticals used in treatment of protozoan infection.
Protozoans have little in common with each other (for example, Entamoeba histolytica is less closely related to Naegleria fowleri than it is to Homo sapiens) and so agents effective against one pathogen may not be effective against another. However, metronidazole is selective for anaerobic organisms, and so it is effective against many (though not all) of these pathogens.
They can be grouped by mechanism[1] or by organism.[2]
Examples
- Eflornithine
- Furazolidone
- Melarsoprol
- Metronidazole
- Ornidazole
- Paromomycin sulfate
- Pentamidine
- Pyrimethamine
- Tinidazole
References
- ^ Cynthia R. L. Webster (15 June 2001). Clinical pharmacology. Teton NewMedia. pp. 86–. ISBN 978-1-893441-37-8. http://books.google.com/books?id=NmR00leAkt8C&pg=PA86. Retrieved 2 May 2010.
- ^ Anthony J. Trevor; Bertram G. Katzung; Susan B. Masters (11 December 2007). Katzung & Trevor's pharmacology: examination & board review. McGraw-Hill Professional. pp. 435–. ISBN 978-0-07-148869-3. http://books.google.com/books?id=Bvtkl3XUC5AC&pg=PA435. Retrieved 2 May 2010.
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Pharmacology: major drug groups
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| Gastrointestinal tract/metabolism (A) |
- stomach acid (Antacids, H2 antagonists, Proton pump inhibitors)
- Antiemetics
- Laxatives
- Antidiarrhoeals/Antipropulsives
- Anti-obesity drugs
- Anti-diabetics
- Vitamins
- Dietary minerals
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| Blood and blood forming organs (B) |
- Antithrombotics (Antiplatelets, Anticoagulants, Thrombolytics/fibrinolytics)
- Antihemorrhagics (Platelets, Coagulants, Antifibrinolytics)
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| Cardiovascular system (C) |
- cardiac therapy/antianginals (Cardiac glycosides, Antiarrhythmics, Cardiac stimulants)
- Antihypertensives
- Diuretics
- Vasodilators
- Beta blockers
- Calcium channel blockers
- renin-angiotensin system (ACE inhibitors, Angiotensin II receptor antagonists, Renin inhibitors)
- Antihyperlipidemics (Statins, Fibrates, Bile acid sequestrants)
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| Skin (D) |
- Emollients
- Cicatrizants
- Antipruritics
- Antipsoriatics
- Medicated dressings
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| Genitourinary system (G) |
- Hormonal contraception
- Fertility agents
- SERMs
- Sex hormones
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| Endocrine system (H) |
- Hypothalamic-pituitary hormones
- Corticosteroids (Glucocorticoids, Mineralocorticoids)
- Sex hormones
- Thyroid hormones/Antithyroid agents
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| Infections and infestations (J, P, QI) |
- Antimicrobials: Antibacterials (Antimycobacterials)
- Antifungals
- Antivirals
- Antiparasitics (Antiprotozoals, Anthelmintics, Ectoparasiticides)
- IVIG
- Vaccines
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| Malignant disease (L01-L02) |
- Anticancer agents (Antimetabolites, Alkylating, Spindle poisons, Antineoplastic, Topoisomerase inhibitors)
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| Immune disease (L03-L04) |
- Immunomodulators (Immunostimulants, Immunosuppressants)
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| Muscles, bones, and joints (M) |
- Anabolic steroids
- Anti-inflammatories (NSAIDs)
- Antirheumatics
- Corticosteroids
- Muscle relaxants
- Bisphosphonates
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| Brain and nervous system (N) |
- Analgesics
- Anesthetics (General, Local)
- Anorectics
- Anti-ADHD Agents
- Antiaddictives
- Anticonvulsants
- Antidementia Agents
- Antidepressants
- Antimigraine Agents
- Antiparkinson's Agents
- Antipsychotics
- Anxiolytics
- Depressants
- Entactogens
- Entheogens
- Euphoriants
- Hallucinogens (Psychedelics, Dissociatives, Deliriants)
- Hypnotics/Sedatives
- Mood Stabilizers
- Neuroprotectives
- Nootropics
- Neurotoxins
- Orexigenics
- Serenics
- Stimulants
- Wakefulness-Promoting Agents
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| Respiratory system (R) |
- Decongestants
- Bronchodilators
- Cough medicines
- H1 antagonists
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| Sensory organs (S) |
- Ophthalmologicals
- Otologicals
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| Other ATC (V) |
- Antidotes
- Contrast media
- Radiopharmaceuticals
- Dressings
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Antiparasitics – antiprotozoal agents – Chromalveolate antiparasitics (P01)
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Alveo-
late |
Apicom-
plexa |
Conoidasida/
(Coccidiostats) |
| Cryptosporidiosis |
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| Isosporiasis |
- trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole#
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| Toxoplasmosis |
- pyrimethamine
- sulfadiazine
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| Aconoidasida |
| Malaria |
Individual
agents |
Hemozoin
inhibitors |
| aminoquinolines |
- (4-): amodiaquine#
- chloroquine#
- (8-): primaquine#
- pamaquine
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| 4-methanolquinolines |
- mefloquine#
- quinine#
- quinidine
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| Other |
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| Antifolates |
DHFR inhibitors
(antifols) |
- proguanil#
- chlorproguanil
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| Sulfonamides |
- sulfadoxine
- sulfamethoxypyrazine
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| Coformulation |
- sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine (SP)#
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Sesquiterpene
lactones |
- artemether#
- artesunate#
- dihydroartemisinin
- artemotil
- artemisinin
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| Other |
- atovaquone (with proguanil as as Malarone)
- tetracycline
- doxycycline#
- clindamycin
- pyronaridine
- piperaquine
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Combi-
nations |
| Fixed-dose (coformulated) ACTs |
- artemether/lumefantrine#
- artesunate/amodiaquine (ASAQ)
- artesunate/mefloquine (ASMQ)
- dihydroartemisinin/piperaquine
- artesunate/pyronaridine
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Other combinations
(not co-formulated) |
- artesunate/SP
- artesunate/mefloquine
- quinine/tetracycline
- quinine/doxycycline
- quinine/clindamycin
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| Babesiosis |
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Cilio-
phora |
- Balantidiasis: Tetracycline
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Hetero-
kont |
- Blastocystosis: Metronidazole
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- #WHO-EM
- ‡Withdrawn from market
- Clinical trials:
- †Phase III
- §Never to phase III
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Antiparasitics – antiprotozoal agents – Excavata antiparasitics (P01)
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| Discicristata |
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Trypanosomiasis
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- African trypanosomiasis: ornithine (Eflornithine#)
- arsenical (Melarsoprol#)
- benzamidine (Pentamidine#)
- naphthalenesulfonate (Suramin#)
Chagas disease: nitroimidazole (Benznidazole#)
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Leishmaniasis
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- macrolide (Amphotericin B#)
Pentavalent antimonials (Meglumine antimoniate#, Sodium stibogluconate)
- benzamidine (Pentamidine#)
- phosphorylcholine (Miltefosine)
- neomycin (Paromomycin)
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PAM
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- macrolide (Amphotericin B)
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| Trichozoa |
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Giardiasis
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- nitroimidazole (Metronidazole#, Tinidazole)
- benzimidazole (Albendazole)
- thiazole (Nitazoxanide)
- nitrofuran (Furazolidone)
- aminoacridine (Quinacrine)
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Trichomoniasis
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- nitroimidazole (Carnidazole, Metronidazole#, Tinidazole)
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Dientamoebiasis
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- nitroimidazole (Metronidazole
- Secnidazole)
- oxyquinoline (Iodoquinol)
- tetracycline (Doxycycline)
- neomycin (Paromomycin)
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- #WHO-EM
- ‡Withdrawn from market
- Clinical trials:
- †Phase III
- §Never to phase III
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Antiparasitics – antiprotozoal agents – agents against amoebozoa/amebicide (P01)
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| Entamoeba |
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Tissue amebicides
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Nitroimidazole derivatives
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- Metronidazole#
- Tinidazole
- Ornidazole
- Nimorazole
- Secnidazole
- Azanidazole
- Propenidazole
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Other
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- isoquinoline (Emetine/Dehydroemetine)
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Luminal amebicides
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Hydroxyquinoline derivatives
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- Cl (Chlorquinaldol)
- Br (Tilbroquinol
- Broxyquinoline)
- I (Diiodohydroxyquinoline)
- I,Cl (Clioquinol)
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Dichloroacetamide derivatives
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- Diloxanide#
- Clefamide
- Etofamide
- Teclozan
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Aminoglycoside
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Other/ungrouped
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- arsenic (Arsthinol
- Difetarsone
- Glycobiarsol)
- phenanthroline (Phanquinone)
- aminoacridine (Mepacrine)
- quinazoline (Trimetrexate)
- thiazole (Tenonitrozole)
- sesquiterpene (Fumagillin)
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| Acanthamoeba |
- Propamidine
- Chlorhexidine
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- #WHO-EM
- ‡Withdrawn from market
- Clinical trials:
- †Phase III
- §Never to phase III
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UpToDate Contents
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English Journal
- Current knowledge and pharmacological profile of berberine: An update.
- Kumar A1, Ekavali2, Chopra K2, Mukherjee M2, Pottabathini R2, Dhull DK2.
- European journal of pharmacology.Eur J Pharmacol.2015 Aug 15;761:288-97. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.05.068. Epub 2015 Jun 16.
- Berberine, a benzylisoquinoline alkaloid, occurs as an active constituent in numerous medicinal plants and has an array of pharmacological properties. It has been used in Ayurvedic and Chinese medicine for its antimicrobial, antiprotozoal, antidiarrheal and antitrachoma activity. Moreover, several c
- PMID 26092760
- Search for Antiprotozoal Activity in Herbal Medicinal Preparations; New Natural Leads against Neglected Tropical Diseases.
- Montesino NL1, Kaiser M2,3, Brun R4,5, Schmidt TJ6.
- Molecules (Basel, Switzerland).Molecules.2015 Aug 4;20(8):14118-38. doi: 10.3390/molecules200814118.
- Sleeping sickness, Chagas disease, Leishmaniasis, and Malaria are infectious diseases caused by unicellular eukaryotic parasites ("protozoans"). The three first mentioned are classified as Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs) by the World Health Organization and together threaten more than one billion
- PMID 26248069
- In vitro leishmanicidal activity of 1,3-disubstituted 5-nitroindazoles.
- Marín C1, Ramírez-Macías I1, Rosales MJ1, Muro B2, Reviriego F2, Navarro P2, Arán VJ3, Sánchez-Moreno M4.
- Acta tropica.Acta Trop.2015 Aug;148:170-8. doi: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2015.04.028. Epub 2015 May 5.
- The antiprotozoal activity of some indazole-derived amines (2, 3, 5-8) as well as that of some simple structurally related 3-alkoxy-1-alkyl-5-nitroindazoles (1, 4) against promastigote and amastigote forms of Leishmania infantum and Leishmania braziliensis is reported. In some cases, these compounds
- PMID 25956673
Japanese Journal
- LC-MS/MSを用いた畜水産食品中のイミドカルブの分析
- 石井 里枝,高橋 邦彦,松本 隆二
- 食品衛生学雑誌 52(1), 34-39, 2011
- 高速液体クロマ卜グラフ－タンデム質量分析計（LC-MS／MS）を用いた10種の畜水産食品中の抗原虫剤イミドカルブの簡便な分析法を検討した。カラムにTSK VMpak-25を、移動相に酢酸アンモニウム－アセトニトリルを用い、ESI、ポジティブモードで測定した。分析に供する試験溶液は、試料を塩基性条件下、アセトニトリルで抽出し、調製した。はちみつ以外の試料には脂質などの除去のため、ヘキサンとの分配抽出 …
- NAID 130000671809
- Activity of picolinic acid in combination with the antiprotozoal drug quinacrine against Mycobacterium avium complex
- Leishmanicidal Activity of Aurones
- KAYSER Oliver,KIDERLEN Albrecht F.
- Tokai journal of experimental and clinical medicine 23(6), 423-426, 1998-08-29
- … A series of aurones with drug-potential for Leishmania infections was identified in vitro using both a direct cytotoxicity test against extracellular promastigotes of Leishmania donovani, L. …
- NAID 110004700251
Related Links
- Antiprotozoal Drugs Definition Antiprotozoal drugs are medicines that treat infections caused by protozoa. Purpose Antiprotozoal drugs are used to treat a variety of diseases caused by protozoa. Protozoa are animal-like ...
- Antiprotozoal drug, any agent that kills or inhibits the growth of organisms known as protozoans. Protozoans cause a variety of diseases, including malaria and Chagas’ disease. While protozoans typically are ...
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