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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/08/21 16:57:22」(JST)

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Cytostasis (cyto – cell; stasis – stoppage) is the inhibition of cell growth and multiplication. Cytostatic refers to a cellular component or medicine that inhibits cell growth.

Cytostasis is an important prerequisite for structured multicellular organisms. Without regulation of cell growth and division only unorganized heaps of cells would be possible.

Chemotherapy of cancer, treatment of skin diseases and treatment of infections are common use cases of cytostatic drugs. Active hygienic products generally contain cytostatic substances.

Cytostatic mechanisms and drugs generally occur together with cytotoxic ones.

Cytostasis activators

Nitric Oxide – activated macrophages produce large amounts of nitric oxide(NO) which induces both cytostasis and cytotoxicity to tumor cells both in vitro and in vivo. Nitric oxide induced cytostasis targets ribonucleotide reductase by rapid and reversible inhibition. However, other studies show there could be other targets that are responsible for producing long-lasting cytostasis in cells.^[1]

Lipopolysaccharide and Lipid A-associated protein – studies have demonstrated that LPS and LAP are potent macrophage activators that have been shown to stimulate tumoricidal (cytostatic) activity in vitro. LAP and LPS were shown to stimulate C3H/HeJ Macrophages to kill target tumor cells. It was concluded that LAP can deliver at least one of the triggering signals necessary for inducing macrophage activity that leads to cytostasis.^[2]

Polyunsaturated fatty acid – N-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids were found to have a distinct effect on cell growth in certain human urothelial cells. Cystostatic concentrations of n-3 and n-6 PUFA did not induce apoptosis, but did cause permanent cellular growth arrest by effecting the cell cycle. Study shows that metabolites of the lipoxygenase pathway are involved with the antiproliferation induce by PUFA. However, PUFA cytostatic activity is not tumor specific^[3]

Medical uses

Cytostatic Agents have been beneficial in fighting tumors with their ability to induce cell growth arrest. Breast Cancer - one study indicates on nitric oxide is able to have a cytostatic effect on the human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231. Not only does nitric oxide stop cell growth, the study shows that it can also induce apoptosis after the cancer cells have been exposed to NO over 48 hours^[1]

Malignant Epithelium - Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids inhibit cell division, cause cell cycle arrest, and can even induce cell death in malignant epithelial cells from various tissue organs in vitro^[3]

References

^ ^a ^b Pervin, S.; Singh, R.; Chaudhuri, G. (13 March 2001). "Nitric oxide-induced cytostasis and cell cycle arrest of a human breast cancer cell line (MDA-MB-231): Potential role of cyclin D1". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 98 (6): 3583–3588. doi:10.1073/pnas.041603998. PMC 30696. PMID 11248121.
^ Chapes, SK; Killion, JW; Morrison, DC (Mar 1988). "Tumor cell killing and cytostasis by C3H/HeJ macrophages activated in vitro by lipid A-associated protein and interferon gamma.". Journal of leukocyte biology 43 (3): 232–7. PMID 3125294.
^ ^a ^b Diggle, et al. "N-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids induce cytostasis in human urothelial cells independent of p52 gene function." Journal of Lipid Research. Vol 41, 2000

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English Journal

Antioxidant and antiproliferative activity of chokeberry juice phenolics during in vitro simulated digestion in the presence of food matrix.

Stanisavljević N1, Samardžić J1, Janković T2, Šavikin K2, Mojsin M1, Topalović V1, Stevanović M1.
Food chemistry.Food Chem.2015 May 15;175:516-22. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.12.009. Epub 2014 Dec 10.
Chokeberry juice was subjected to in vitro gastric digestion in the presence of food matrix in order to determine the changes in polyphenol content and antioxidant activity. Addition of food matrix immediately decreased the total phenolic content, anthocyanin content, DPPH scavenging activity as wel
PMID 25577114

Screening antimutagenic and antiproliferative properties of extracts isolated from Jackfruit pulp (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam).

Ruiz-Montañez G1, Burgos-Hernández A2, Calderón-Santoyo M3, López-Saiz CM2, Velázquez-Contreras CA4, Navarro-Ocaña A5, Ragazzo-Sánchez JA6.
Food chemistry.Food Chem.2015 May 15;175:409-16. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.11.122. Epub 2014 Nov 28.
The present focused on the study of the antimutagenic and antiproliferative potential of pulp Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam) extract, using Salmonella typhimurium tester strains TA98 and TA100 with metabolic activation (S9) and a cancer cell line M12.C3.F6 (murine B-cell lymphoma), respect
PMID 25577099

Phenolic and carotenoid profiles and antiproliferative activity of foxtail millet.

Zhang LZ1, Liu RH2.
Food chemistry.Food Chem.2015 May 1;174:495-501. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.09.089. Epub 2014 Sep 28.
Commonly consumed foxtail millet varieties Jingu28 and Jingu34 were compared in terms of phytochemical composition, antioxidant property, and antiproliferative activity. The cellular antioxidant activity (CAA) was evaluated based on HepG2 cell cultivation. Antiproliferative properties against HepG2
PMID 25529711