WordNet

any of a large variety of proteins normally present in the body or produced in response to an antigen which it neutralizes, thus producing an immune response
the concentration of a solution as determined by titration (同)titre

PrepTutorEJDIC

抗体,免疫体,抗毒素
軽打 / しっぺい返しとして
=titmouse
乳首;乳房

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/05/15 15:53:33」(JST)

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An antibody titer is a measurement of how much antibody an organism has produced that recognizes a particular epitope, expressed as the greatest dilution that still gives a positive result. ELISA is a common means of determining antibody titers.

For example, the indirect Coombs test detects the presence of anti-Rh antibodies in a pregnant woman's blood serum. A patient might be reported to have an "indirect Coombs titer" of 16. This means that the patient's serum gives a positive indirect Coombs test at any dilution down to 1/16 (1 part serum to 15 parts diluent). At greater dilutions the indirect Coombs test is negative. If a few weeks later the same patient had an indirect Coombs titer of 32 (1/32 dilution which is 1 part serum to 31 parts diluent), this would mean that she was making more anti-Rh antibody, since it took a greater dilution to abolish the positive test.

There are two main kinds of titer testing that one can do. First there is the physical titer; this titer gives one the concentration of virus particles per unit of measurement. The second way to measure viral titers is to perform an infectious titer level. This test tells one the concentration of infectious particles that have the ability to cause infection. A physical titer is much easier and faster to perform but does not always tell one if that level is an infectious amount or not.

Many traditional serological tests such as hemagglutination or complement fixation employ this principle. Such tests can typically be read visually, which makes them fast and cost-effective in a "low-tech" environment. The interpretation of serological titers is guided by reference values that are specific for the antigen or antibody in question; a titer of 1:32 may be below the cut-off for one test but above for another.

A titer (when referring to a library titration) is the number of plaque forming units per milliliter. The reason why the titer is important is because we need to make sure that the library has enough viable phage particles to represent all of the original genome. Also, a certain phage density needs to be plated in order to be able to screen the library successfully.

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1. 妊娠中の微量な赤血球抗体の意義 significance of minor red blood cell antibodies during pregnancy
2. 免疫系の臨床検査評価 laboratory evaluation of the immune system
3. 予防接種に対する免疫応答の評価 assessing the immunologic response to vaccination
4. 2本鎖（ds）DNA、Sm、およびU1 RNPに対する抗体 antibodies to double stranded ds dna sm and u1 rnp
5. 抗核抗体の測定および臨床的意義 measurement and clinical significance of antinuclear antibodies

English Journal

New haptens and antibodies for ractopamine.

Wang Z1, Liu M1, Shi W1, Li C1, Zhang S2, Shen J1.
Food chemistry.Food Chem.2015 Sep 15;183:111-4. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.03.043. Epub 2015 Mar 19.
In this work, three unreported immunizing haptens of ractopamine (RAC) were synthesized and used to produce highly sensitive and specific polyclonal antibody. The spacer arms of haptens for coupling to protein carrier were located on different position of RAC with different length. High affinity pol
PMID 25863617

An ultrasensitive gold nanoparticles improved real-time immuno-PCR assay for detecting diethyl phthalate in foodstuff samples.

Sun R1, Zhuang H2.
Analytical biochemistry.Anal Biochem.2015 Jul 1;480:49-57. doi: 10.1016/j.ab.2015.04.010. Epub 2015 Apr 12.
A specific polyclonal antibody targeting diethyl phthalate (DEP) with the higher antibody titer at 1:120,000 has been obtained, and an ultrasensitive and high-throughput direct competitive gold nanoparticles improved real-time immuno-PCR (GNP-rt-IPCR) technique has been developed for detecting DEP i
PMID 25871517

An outbreak of human metapneumovirus in a rehabilitation center for alcoholics in Tampere, Finland.

Laine O1, Laine J, Säilä P, Huhtala H, Syrjänen J, Vuorinen T, Vuento R.
Infectious diseases (London, England).Infect Dis (Lond).2015 Jul;47(7):499-503. doi: 10.3109/00365548.2014.995698. Epub 2015 Mar 11.
Reports of respiratory tract infections in a rehabilitation center for alcoholics triggered the epidemiological investigations in Tampere, Finland. Twenty-nine out of 40 residents (attack rate 73%) and four members of staff fulfilled the case criteria: cough; worsening of dyspnea; or rhinitis with o
PMID 25761612

Japanese Journal

急性感染症 : 予防高齢者のインフルエンザワクチンに対する漢方薬アジュバント効果に関する臨床研究 (特集総合診療と漢方) -- (プライマリ・ケアに漢方を活かす)

後藤博三,小泉桂一,済木育夫
漢方と最新治療 24(2), 123-129, 2015-05
NAID 40020496376

Titer of trastuzumab produced by a Chinese hamster ovary cell line is associated with tricarboxylic acid cycle activity rather than lactate metabolism