anterior scalene muscle

前斜角筋

WordNet

1. take by attacking with scaling ladders; "The troops scaled the walls of the fort"
2. a specialized leaf or bract that protects a bud or catkin (同)scale leaf
3. an ordered reference standard; "judging on a scale of 1 to 10" (同)scale of measurement, graduated table, ordered series
4. relative magnitude; "they entertained on a grand scale"
5. size or measure according to a scale; "This model must be scaled down"
6. the ratio between the size of something and a representation of it; "the scale of the map"; "the scale of the model"
7. a measuring instrument for weighing; shows amount of mass (同)weighing machine
8. a flattened rigid plate forming part of the body covering of many animals
9. an indicator having a graduated sequence of marks
10. (music) a series of notes differing in pitch according to a specific scheme (usually within an octave) (同)musical scale
11. a thin flake of dead epidermis shed from the surface of the skin (同)scurf, exfoliation
12. remove the scales from; "scale fish" (同)descale
13. reach the highest point of; "We scaled the Mont Blanc" (同)surmount
14. climb up by means of a ladder
15. measure by or as if by a scale; "This bike scales only 25 pounds"
16. measure with or as if with scales; "scale the gold"
17. pattern, make, regulate, set, measure, or estimate according to some rate or standard
18. make ones way by force; "He muscled his way into the office"
19. animal tissue consisting predominantly of contractile cells (同)muscular_tissue
20. one of the contractile organs of the body (同)musculus
21. authority or power or force (especially when used in a coercive way); "the senators used their muscle to get the party leader to resign"
22. of or near the head end or toward the front plane of a body
23. earlier in time (同)prior
24. of or relating to any of the scalene muscles
25. of a triangle having three sides of different lengths

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. 《しばしば複数形で》『てんびん』,はかり / てんびんのさら / 《重量を表す副詞[句]を伴って》…の目方(体重)がある / …‘を'てんびんではかる
2. (蛇・魚類などの)うろこ / うろこ状の物;(ペンキ・さび・ふけなどの)爆片 / 〈魚など〉‘の'うろこを取る;…‘の'皮をはぐ / (…から)〈ペンキなどの薄泰〉‘を'そぎ取る《+『名』+『off』(『from』)+『名』》 / (…から)〈ペンキなどが〉かげ落ちる《+『off』(『from』)+『名』》
3. 『段階』,等級,階級 / 『比率』,縮尺 / (物差しなどの)『目盛り』 / (目盛りの付いた)『物差し』;温度計,(各種の)スケール / 『規模』,スケール / 音階 / 記数法,…進法 / …‘を'よじ登る / (…に合わせて)…‘を'調整する《+『名』+『to』+『名』》 / …‘を'縮尺で製図(設計)する
4. 〈U〉(動物体の組織としての)『筋肉』,筋(きん);〈C〉(体の各部を動かす)筋肉 / 〈U〉力,(特に)筋力,腕力 / 《俗に》(…に)強引に割り込む《+『in on』(『into, through』)+『名』》
5. (場所などが)前の,前部の;(…より)前に位置する《+『to』+『名』》 / (時・事件などが)以前の,先の;(…より)前の《+『to』+『名』》
6. 筋肉の,筋力のある / 力ずくの

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/08/15 11:45:54」(JST)

wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

Scalene muscles
The anterior vertebral muscles.
Section of the neck at about the level of the sixth cervical vertebra. Showing the arrangement of the fascia coli.
Details
Origin	Cervical vertebrae (CII-CVII)
Insertion	First and second ribs
Artery	Ascending cervical artery (branch of Inferior thyroid artery)
Nerve	Cervical nerves (C3-C6)
Actions	Elevation of first and second ribs
Anatomical terms of muscle [edit on Wikidata]

The scalene muscles (from Greek σκαληνός, or skalenos, meaning uneven as the pairs are all of differing length) are a group of three pairs of muscles in the lateral neck, namely the anterior scalene, middle scalene, and posterior scalene. They are innervated by the fourth, fifth, and sixth cervical spinal nerves (C4-C6).

A fourth muscle, the scalenus minimus (Sibson's muscle), is sometimes present behind the lower portion of the anterior scalene.

Structure

The scalene muscles originate from the transverse processes from the cervical vertebrae of C2 to C7 and insert onto the first and second ribs, and used to be known as the lateral vertebral muscles.

Anterior scalene

Anterior scalene

The anterior scalene muscle (or the scalenus anterior), lies deeply at the side of the neck, behind the sternocleidomastoid muscle. It arises from the anterior tubercles of the transverse processes of the third, fourth, fifth, and sixth cervical vertebrae, and descending, almost vertically, is inserted by a narrow, flat tendon into the scalene tubercle on the inner border of the first rib, and into the ridge on the upper surface of the second rib in front of the subclavian groove. It is supplied by the anterior ramus of cervical nerve 5 and 6.

Middle scalene

Middle scalene

The middle scalene, (or scalenus medius), is the largest and longest of the three scalene muscles. The middle scalene arises from the posterior tubercles of the transverse processes of the lower six cervical vertebrae. It descends along the side of the vertebral column to insert by a broad attachment into the upper surface of the first rib, between the tubercle and the subclavian groove. The brachial plexus and the subclavian artery pass anterior to it.

Posterior scalene

Posterior scalene

The posterior scalene, (or scalenus posterior) is the smallest and most deeply seated of the scalene muscles. It arises, by two or three separate tendons, from the posterior tubercles of the transverse processes of the lower two or three cervical vertebrae, and is inserted by a thin tendon into the outer surface of the second rib, behind the attachment of the anterior scalene. It is supplied by cervical nerves C6, C7 and C8. It is occasionally blended with the middle scalene.

Function

The action of the anterior and middle scalene muscles is to elevate the first rib and laterally flex (bend) the neck to the same side; the action of the posterior scalene is to elevate the second rib and tilt the neck to the same side.

Because they elevate the upper ribs they also act as accessory muscles of respiration, along with the sternocleidomastoids.

Relations

The scalene muscles have an important relationship to other structures in the neck. The brachial plexus and subclavian artery pass between the anterior and middle scalenes. The subclavian vein and phrenic nerve pass anteriorly to the anterior scalene as the muscle crosses over the first rib. The phrenic nerve is oriented vertically as it passes in front of the anterior scalene, while the subclavian vein is oriented horizontally as it passes in front of the anterior scalene muscle.

The passing of the brachial plexus and the subclavian artery through the space of the anterior and middle scalene muscles constitute the scalene hiatus (the term "scalene fissure" is also used). The region in which this lies is referred to as the scaleotracheal fossa. It is bound by the clavicle inferior anteriorly, the trachea medially, posteriorly by the trapezius, and anteriorly by the platysma muscle.

Clinical significance

The anterior and middle scalene muscles can be involved in certain forms of thoracic outlet syndrome as well as myofascial pain syndrome, the symptoms of which may mimic a spinal disc herniation of the cervical vertebrae.

Since the nerves of the brachial plexus pass through the space between the anterior and middle scalene muscles, that area is sometimes targeted with the administration of regional anesthesia by physicians. The nerve block, called an interscalene block, may be performed prior to arm or shoulder surgery.

According to the medical codes in the 2016 Procedural Coding Expert, published by the American Academy of Professional Coders, for Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) and other medical codes, the scalenus anticus muscle can be divided by reparative or reconstructive surgery, with (# 21705) or without (# 21700) resection of the cervical rib.

Additional images

• Musculi coli base

• Scalene muscles. Muscles of the neck. Lateral view.

• Scalene muscles. Muscles of the neck. Lateral view.

References

UpToDate Contents

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• 1. 筋力低下患者へのアプローチ approach to the patient with muscle weakness
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• 5. 女性の骨盤臓器脱：後膣壁脱の外科的修復 pelvic organ prolapse in women surgical repair of anterior vaginal wall prolapse

English Journal

• Anatomical variations in the brachial plexus roots: implications for diagnosis of neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome.

• Leonhard V1, Smith R1, Caldwell G1, Smith HF2.
• Annals of anatomy = Anatomischer Anzeiger : official organ of the Anatomische Gesellschaft.Ann Anat.2016 Jul;206:21-6. doi: 10.1016/j.aanat.2016.03.011. Epub 2016 Apr 29.
• Neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome (NTOS) is the most common type of TOS. Typically it results from impingement of the neurovasculature as it passes between the anterior and middle scalene muscles; this classic anatomical relationship being the foundation of clinical diagnosis. Positional testing r
• PMID 27133185

• Ultrasound-Guided Interscalene Block: Reevaluation of the "Stoplight" Sign and Clinical Implications.

• Franco CD1, Williams JM.
• Regional anesthesia and pain medicine.Reg Anesth Pain Med.2016 Jul-Aug;41(4):452-9. doi: 10.1097/AAP.0000000000000407.
• BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The "stoplight" sign is a frequently described image during ultrasound-guided interscalene block, referring to 3 hypoechoic structures found between the anterior and middle scalene muscles.This study was designed to establish the ultrasound-anatomy correlation of this sign
• PMID 27203394

• Patients with chronic, but not episodic, migraine display altered activity of their neck extensor muscles.

• Florencio LL1, Oliveira AS2, Lemos TW2, Carvalho GF2, Dach F2, Bigal ME3, Falla D4, Fernández-de-Las-Peñas C5, Bevilaqua-Grossi D2.
• Journal of electromyography and kinesiology : official journal of the International Society of Electrophysiological Kinesiology.J Electromyogr Kinesiol.2016 Jun 9;30:66-72. doi: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2016.06.003. [Epub ahead of print]
• The current study aimed to investigate differences in activity of neck flexor and extensor muscles in women with migraine considering the chronicity of their condition. Thirty-one subjects with episodic migraine, 21 with chronic migraine and 31 healthy controls participated. Surface electromyography
• PMID 27317975

Japanese Journal

• Effects of stretching the scalene muscles on slow vital capacity

• Journal of Physical Therapy Science 28(6), 1825-1828, 2016
• NAID 130005158468

• Marked lateral deviation of the phrenic nerve due to variant origin and course of the thyrocervical trunk: a cadaveric study

• Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy 38(4), 485-488, 2015
• NAID 120005661531

• バドミントン競技選手における肩関節周囲筋の疼痛に関する考察

• 法政大学スポーツ健康学研究 4, 39-46, 2013-03
• NAID 120005255273

Related Links

• Scalene Muscles - Anatomy, Supply, Function, Pathology ...

Function The scalene muscles elevate the ribs, and therefore the thorax. For that reason, they are also considered as accessory muscles of inspiration. A unilateral contraction bends the cervical spine to the side (lateral flexion).

• Scalene muscle, anterior | definition of scalene muscle ...

muscle [mus´'l] a bundle of long slender cells (muscle fibers) that have the power to contract and hence to produce movement. Muscles are responsible for locomotion and play an important part in performing vital body functions. They ...

Related Pictures

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「前斜角筋」「斜角筋」
関連記事	「scale」「anterior」「scalene」「muscle」

「前斜角筋」

　　[★]

英

anterior scalene muscle

ラ

musculus scalenus anterior, scalenus anterior

関

中斜角筋、後斜角筋。斜角筋隙

• 鎖骨に停止するあたりで、横隔神経と共に、鎖骨下静脈と鎖骨下動脈の間に割って入っている。

起始

• C3-C6(横突起の前結節)

停止

• 第1肋骨(斜角筋結節)

神経

• 頚神経叢

機能

• 第1肋骨を挙上

Henry Gray (1825-1861). Anatomy of the Human Body. 1918.

「斜角筋」

　　[★]

英

scalene, scalene muscle

ラ

scalenus

• 前斜角筋 anterior scalene muscle
• 中斜角筋 middle scalene muscle
• 後斜角筋 posterior scalene muscle

「scale」

　　[★]

• n.

• 1. (魚・は虫類の)うろこ。(チョウ・ガの)鱗粉。(皮膚の)鱗屑。薄片。(植物)芽鱗、鱗片。(動物)カイガラムシ。(金属を熱したときにできる)薄い酸化膜、スケール。(ボイラーややかんの内側にできる)湯垢。歯石。
• 2. 目盛り、定規、物差し、尺度、基準。(地図などの)縮尺比、縮尺目盛り。階級、等級。規模、スケール
• 3. はかり、てんびん

• vt.
• vi.

　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　

「anterior」

　　[★]

• adj.

• 前側の、前の

関

anterioris、anteriorly、before、fore、former、pre、prior

　 　 　

「scalene」

　　[★]

• adj.

• (三角形が)不等辺の、(円錐が)斜軸の。(解)斜角筋の

• n.

• 不等辺三角形。斜角筋

　 　

「muscle」

　　[★]

• n.

• 筋肉