WordNet

pass through a cycle; "This machine automatically cycles"
an interval during which a recurring sequence of events occurs; "the never-ending cycle of the seasons" (同)rhythm, round
recur in repeating sequences
a single complete execution of a periodically repeated phenomenon; "a year constitutes a cycle of the seasons" (同)oscillation
a periodically repeated sequence of events; "a cycle of reprisal and retaliation"
a series of poems or songs on the same theme; "Schuberts song cycles"
cause to go through a recurring sequence; "cycle the laundry in this washing program"
the sport of traveling on a bicycle or motorcycle

PrepTutorEJDIC

『周期』,循環期;一巡り / 周波,サイクル / (英雄・伝説などを扱った)一連の詩(物語) / 『自転車』;三輪車;オートバイ / 自転車に乗る / 循環する,反復する
自転車に乗ること,サイクリング

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/05/21 09:41:07」(JST)

wiki en

The anovulatory cycle is a menstrual cycle characterized by varying degrees of menstrual intervals and the absence of ovulation and a luteal phase. In the absence of ovulation, there will be infertility.

Patterns [edit]

While the normal menstrual cycle in the human typically lasts 4 weeks (28 days, range 21-35 days) and consists of a follicular phase, ovulation, and a luteal phase, followed by either menstruation or pregnancy, the anovulatory cycle has cycle lengths of varying degrees. In many circumstances, menstrual intervals are prolonged exceeding 35 days leading to oligomenorrhea (cycle >35- 180 days interval), or even longer, amenorrhea. In other cases, menstruation may be fairly regular (eumenorrhea), or more frequent (intervals < 21 days), or there may be a loss of menstrual pattern (menorrhagia, dysfunctional uterine bleeding).

Estrogen breakthrough bleeding [edit]

Normal menstrual bleeding in the ovulatory cycle is a result of a decline in progesterone due to the demise of the corpus luteum. It is thus a progesterone withdrawal bleeding. As there is no progesterone in the anovulatory cycle, bleeding is caused by the inability of estrogen - that needs to be present to stimulate the endometrium in the first place - to support a growing endometrium. Anovulatory bleeding is hence termed estrogen breakthrough bleeding.

Risks [edit]

Anemia
Bone density loss ^[1]
Endometrial cancer
Infertility

Diagnosis [edit]

A physician needs to investigate the cause of anovulation. Common causes are:

Polycystic ovary syndrome
Hypothalamic dysfunction
Perimenopause
Ovulatory dysfunction
Thyroid disorders
Hyperprolactinemia

With excessive or prolonged bleeding the diagnosis has to be made by a physician on a speedy basis. Other causes of gynecological bleeding need to be excluded, specifically bleeding related to pregnancy, leiomyoma, and cancer of the cervix or uterus.

Management [edit]

Women who don't ovulate and who want to get pregnant need a medical work-up to find out why they don't ovulate. Drugs are often given to induce ovulation, including oral medication such as clomiphene or injectable medications. In patients who do not want to get pregnant anovulation can be managed with the use of cyclic progesterone or progestin supplementation or use of hormonal contraception.

Notes [edit]

^ Park KH, Song CH. "Bone mineral density in premenopausal anovulatory women." J Obstet Gynaecol, 1995 Feb;21(1):89-97.[1]

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

1. 思春期における異常子宮出血：定義および評価 abnormal uterine bleeding in adolescents definition and evaluation
2. 異常な子宮出血のマネージメント management of abnormal uterine bleeding
3. 月経周期の評価と排卵時期 evaluation of the menstrual cycle and timing of ovulation
4. 思春期における多嚢胞性卵巣症候群の診断的評価 diagnostic evaluation of polycystic ovary syndrome in adolescents
5. 妊娠していない生殖可能年齢の女性における不正子宮出血に対するアプローチ approach to abnormal uterine bleeding in nonpregnant reproductive age women

English Journal

Links between breast cancer and birth weight: an empirical test of the hypothesized association between size at birth and premenopausal adult progesterone concentrations.

Milich KM1, Deimel C, Schaebs FS, Thornburg J, Deschner T, Vitzthum VJ.
Hormones & cancer.Horm Cancer.2015 Aug;6(4):182-8. doi: 10.1007/s12672-015-0221-6. Epub 2015 Apr 17.
Some studies have reported that birth size is a risk factor for breast cancer, but the reasons for this observation are unknown. Ovarian hormone concentrations may be a link between birth size and breast cancer, but the few tests of this hypothesis are inconsistent, perhaps because of differences in
PMID 25893396

Catamenial epilepsy: Update on prevalence, pathophysiology and treatment from the findings of the NIH Progesterone Treatment Trial.

Herzog AG1.
Seizure.Seizure.2015 May;28:18-25. doi: 10.1016/j.seizure.2015.02.024. Epub 2015 Feb 23.
PURPOSE: To extend our knowledge and practical application of the concept of catamenial epilepsy.METHODS: The review focuses on the impact of the NIH Progesterone Trial on our understanding of the pathophysiology and treatment of catamenial epilepsy.RESULTS: Catamenial epilepsy refers to the cyclic
PMID 25770028

Elevation of C-reactive protein during the luteal phase in healthy adolescents.

Merino PM1, Martínez D, Iñiguez G, Lopez P, Cassorla F, Perez-Bravo F, Codner E.
Gynecological endocrinology : the official journal of the International Society of Gynecological Endocrinology.Gynecol Endocrinol.2015 Apr;31(4):260-3. doi: 10.3109/09513590.2014.982086. Epub 2014 Nov 13.
INTRODUCTION: Variations in inflammatory markers have been reported in adult women during the luteal phase, but whether these findings are observed during adolescence is unknown. We postulate that higher ultrasensitive C-reactive protein (usCRP) and lower 2-hydroxyestrone (2OHE) levels, an estrogen
PMID 25392126

Japanese Journal

追加発言多嚢胞性卵巣症候群に対する卵巣多孔術(シンポジウム3:生殖「多嚢胞性卵巣症候群(PCOS)の病因・病態と管理」,第65回日本産科婦人科学会・学術講演会)

福原理恵
日本産科婦人科學會雜誌 65(12), 2737-2745, 2013-12-01
… We believe that because of the multiple merits of LOD, including that the efficacy of LOD is not just for a single cycle, that single pregnancies can be expected after LOD, and that treatment and observation can be performed laparoscopically, the therapy should be strategically selected for the treatment of clomiphene-resistant PCOS in cases where its effectiveness can be predicted. …
NAID 110009685698