WordNet
- street name for lysergic acid diethylamide (同)back breaker, battery-acid, dose, dot, Elvis, loony toons, Lucy in the sky with diamonds, pane, superman, window pane, Zen
- any of various water-soluble compounds having a sour taste and capable of turning litmus red and reacting with a base to form a salt
- having the characteristics of an acid; "an acid reaction"
- pertaining to or containing any of a group of organic compounds of nitrogen derived from ammonia (同)aminic
- the radical -NH2 (同)amino_group
- the organic processes (in a cell or organism) that are necessary for life (同)metabolic_process
PrepTutorEJDIC
- 酸性の / 酸味のある,すっぱい(sour) / (言葉・態度などが)厳しい,しんらつな / 酸 / すっぱいもの / 《俗》=LSD
- 新陳代謝,物質交代
Wikipedia preview
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/01/27 01:19:30」(JST)
[Wiki en表示]
Protein metabolism denotes the various biochemical processes responsible for the synthesis of proteins and amino acids, and the breakdown of proteins (and other large molecules, too) by catabolism.
Dietary proteins are first broken down to individual amino acids by various enzymes and hydrochloric acid present in the gastro-intestinal tract.[1] These amino acids are further broken down to α-keto acids which can be recycled in the body for generation of energy, and production of glucose or fat or other amino acids. This break-down of amino acids to α-keto acids occurs in the liver by a process known as transamination, which follows a bimolecular ping pong mechanism.[2]
Contents
- 1 Protein synthesis
- 2 Protein breakdown
- 3 Amino acid metabolism
- 4 References
Protein synthesis
Main article: Protein biosynthesis
Protein biosynthesis relies on four processes:
- amino acid synthesis
- RNA synthesis
- transcription
- translation
Protein anabolism is the process by which protein are formed from amino acids (aka anabolic amino acid synthesis).
Protein breakdown
Main article: Proteolysis
Protein catabolism is the process by which proteins are broken down to their amino acids. This is also called proteolysis.
This can be followed by further amino acid degradation.
Amino acid metabolism
The following list contains links to information about the metabolism of individual amino acids.
- Positively charged side chains
- Arginine
- Histidine
- Lysine
- Negatively charged side chains
- Aspartic acid
- Glutamic acid
- Polar uncharged side chains
- Serine
- Threonine
- Asparagine
- Glutamine
- Special cases
- Cysteine
- Selenocysteine
- Glycine
- Proline
- Hydrophobic side chains
- Alanine
- Valine
- Isoleucine
- Leucine
- Methionine
- Phenylalanine
- Tyrosine
- Tryptophan
References
- ^ Mehta, S. Digestion of Dietary Proteins
- ^ Mehta, S. Metabolism of amino acids- bimolecular ping pong mechanism of transamination.
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Metabolism catabolism, anabolism
|
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| General |
- Metabolic pathway
- Metabolic network
- Primary nutritional groups
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Energy
metabolism |
| Aerobic respiration |
- Glycolysis → Pyruvate decarboxylation → Citric acid cycle → Oxidative phosphorylation (electron transport chain + ATP synthase)
|
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| Anaerobic respiration |
- Electron acceptors are other than oxygen
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| Fermentation |
- Glycolysis →
- Substrate-level phosphorylation
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Specific
paths |
| Protein metabolism |
- Protein synthesis
- Catabolism
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Carbohydrate metabolism
(carbohydrate catabolism
and anabolism) |
| Human |
- Glycolysis ⇄ Gluconeogenesis
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- Glycogenolysis ⇄ Glycogenesis
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- Pentose phosphate pathway
- Fructolysis
- Galactolysis
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| Nonhuman |
- Photosynthesis
- Anoxygenic photosynthesis
- Chemosynthesis
- Carbon fixation
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- Xylose metabolism
- Radiotrophism
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|
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Lipid metabolism
(lipolysis, lipogenesis) |
| Fatty acid metabolism |
- Fatty acid degradation (Beta oxidation)
- Fatty acid synthesis
|
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| Other |
- Steroid metabolism
- Sphingolipid metabolism
- Eicosanoid metabolism
- Ketosis
- Reverse cholesterol transport
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| Amino acid |
- Amino acid synthesis
- Urea cycle
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Nucleotide
metabolism |
- Purine metabolism
- Nucleotide salvage
- Pyrimidine metabolism
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| Other |
- Metal metabolism
- Ethanol metabolism
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Index of inborn errors of metabolism
|
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| Description |
- Metabolism
- Enzymes and pathways: citric acid cycle
- pentose phosphate
- glycoproteins
- glycosaminoglycans
- phospholipid
- cholesterol and steroid
- sphingolipids
- eicosanoids
- amino acid
- urea cycle
- nucleotide
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| Disorders |
- Citric acid cycle and electron transport chain
- Glycoprotein
- Proteoglycan
- Fatty-acid
- Phospholipid
- Cholesterol and steroid
- Eicosanoid
- Amino acid
- Purine-pyrimidine
- Heme metabolism
- Symptoms and signs
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| Treatment |
|
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Index of biochemical families
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| Carbohydrates |
- Alcohols
- Glycoproteins
- Glycosides
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| Lipids |
- Eicosanoids
- Fatty acids
- Glycerides
- Phospholipids
- Sphingolipids
- Steroids
|
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| Nucleic acids |
|
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| Proteins |
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| Other |
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UpToDate Contents
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- 1. 先天性代謝異常：分類inborn errors of metabolism classification [show details]
… frequency of recognition of disorders of mitochondrial metabolism is increasing . Within the mitochondria, organic acids, fatty acids, and amino acids are metabolized to acetyl-CoA, which condenses with oxaloacetate …
- 2. 先天性代謝異常：個々の障害の発見inborn errors of metabolism identifying the specific disorder [show details]
…Quantitative amino acid analysis in plasma or serum is used to confirm the diagnosis of urea cycle disorders and other disorders of amino acid metabolism Quantitative plasma amino acid analysis is typically …
- 3. 先天性代謝異常：代謝性救急疾患inborn errors of metabolism metabolic emergencies [show details]
…with seizures include : Urea cycle disorders and amino acid metabolism disorders; Organic acidemias; Gangliosidoses; Disorders of pyruvate metabolism; Peroxisomal disorders; Mitochondrial disorders; Pyridoxine …
- 4. 先天性代謝異常：疫学、病因、および臨床的特徴inborn errors of metabolism epidemiology pathogenesis and clinical features [show details]
…the following metabolic disorders: Disorders of urea cycle and amino acid metabolism Organic acidemias Disorders of creatine metabolism Peroxisomal disorders Lysosomal storage disorders Mitochondrial …
- 5. フェニルケトン尿症の概要overview of phenylketonuria [show details]
…many other inborn errors of metabolism in a single sample. Elevated phenylalanine levels identified through newborn screening should be confirmed with a second plasma amino acid analysis . Enzyme analysis …
English Journal
- Ethylene and 1-MCP regulate major volatile biosynthetic pathways in apple fruit.
- Yang X1, Song J2, Du L1, Forney C3, Campbell-Palmer L3, Fillmore S3, Wismer P4, Zhang Z1.
- Food chemistry.Food Chem.2016 Mar 1;194:325-36. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.08.018. Epub 2015 Aug 7.
- The effects of ethylene and 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) on apple fruit volatile biosynthesis and gene expression were investigated. Statistical analysis identified 17 genes that changed significantly in response to ethylene and 1-MCP treatments. Genes encoding branched-chain amino acid aminotransfe
- PMID 26471562
- Metabolic profiling of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells during proliferation and differentiation into red blood cells.
- Daud H1, Browne S1, Al-Majmaie R2, Murphy W3, Al-Rubeai M4.
- New biotechnology.N Biotechnol.2016 Jan 25;33(1):179-86. doi: 10.1016/j.nbt.2015.05.002. Epub 2015 May 23.
- An understanding of the metabolic profile of cell proliferation and differentiation should support the optimization of culture conditions for hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) proliferation, differentiation, and maturation into red blood cells. We have evaluated the key metabolic paramet
- PMID 26013297
- (1)H NMR metabolomics to study the effects of diazepam on anisatin induced convulsive seizures.
- Li P1, Wei DD1, Wang JS2, Yang MH1, Kong LY3.
- Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis.J Pharm Biomed Anal.2016 Jan 5;117:184-94. doi: 10.1016/j.jpba.2015.08.029. Epub 2015 Sep 1.
- The anticonvulsive properties of diazepam have been extensively studied, mainly focusing on the γ-amino butyrate (GABA) system. The aim of this investigation was to integrally analyze the metabolic events related to neuroprotection of diazepam on anisatin-induced convulsive seizures by a NMR-based
- PMID 26361344
Japanese Journal
- Significance of A-to-I RNA editing of transcripts modulating pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics
- Inhibition of 3,5,2',4'-tetrahydroxychalcone on production of uric acid in hypoxanthine-induced hyperuricemic mice
- 症例報告 高齢透析患者に透析量の減量が栄養状態の改善に功を奏した1例 : アミノ酸代謝による考察
★リンクテーブル★
[★]
- 英
- amino acid metabolism
- 関
- [[]]
[★]
先天性アミノ酸代謝異常
[★]
アミノ酸代謝異常症