Necator americanus

WordNet

a small fungus with a fragile cap that cracks to expose the white context and a white stalk that is practically enclosed by the cap

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/07/13 17:24:25」(JST)

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1. 鉤虫感染 hookworm infection
2. 集団寄生虫駆除 population deworming
3. 選択的IgE欠損症 selective ige deficiency
4. 原因不明の好酸球増加症患者に対するアプローチ approach to the patient with unexplained eosinophilia
5. 肺好酸球増多症の原因 causes of pulmonary eosinophilia

English Journal

Prey switching as a means of enhancing persistence in predators at the trailing southern edge.

Peers MJ1, Wehtje M, Thornton DH, Murray DL.Author information 1Department of Biology, Trent University, 2140 East Bank Drive, Peterborough, ON, Canada, K9J 7B8, USA.AbstractUnderstanding the effects of climate change on species' persistence is a major research interest; however, most studies have focused on responses at the northern or expanding range edge. There is a pressing need to explain how species can persist at their southern range when changing biotic interactions will influence species occurrence. For predators, variation in distribution of primary prey owing to climate change will lead to mismatched distribution and local extinction, unless their diet is altered to more extensively include alternate prey. We assessed whether addition of prey information in climate projections restricted projected habitat of a specialist predator, Canada lynx (Lynx canadensis), and if switching from their primary prey (snowshoe hare; Lepus americanus) to an alternate prey (red squirrel; Tamiasciurus hudsonicus) mitigates range restriction along the southern range edge. Our models projected distributions of each species to 2050 and 2080 to then refine predictions for southern lynx on the basis of varying combinations of prey availability. We found that models that incorporated information on prey substantially reduced the total predicted southern range of lynx in both 2050 and 2080. However, models that emphasized red squirrel as the primary species had 7-24% lower southern range loss than the corresponding snowshoe hare model. These results illustrate that (i) persistence at the southern range may require species to exploit higher portions of alternate food; (ii) selection may act on marginal populations to accommodate phenotypic changes that will allow increased use of alternate resources; and (iii) climate projections based solely on abiotic data can underestimate the severity of future range restriction. In the case of Canada lynx, our results indicate that the southern range likely will be characterized by locally varying levels of mismatch with prey such that the extent of range recession or local adaptation may appear as a geographical mosaic.
Global change biology.Glob Chang Biol.2014 Apr;20(4):1126-35. doi: 10.1111/gcb.12469. Epub 2013 Dec 18.
Understanding the effects of climate change on species' persistence is a major research interest; however, most studies have focused on responses at the northern or expanding range edge. There is a pressing need to explain how species can persist at their southern range when changing biotic interact
PMID 24353147

First report of Taenia arctos (Cestoda: Taeniidae) from grizzly (Ursus arctos horribilis) and black bears (Ursus americanus) in North America.

Catalano S1, Lejeune M2, Verocai GG3, Duignan PJ4.Author information 1Department of Ecosystem and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada. Electronic address: ste.cata85@gmail.com.2Canadian Cooperative Wildlife Health Centre - Alberta Node, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada.3Department of Ecosystem and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada.4Department of Ecosystem and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada; Canadian Cooperative Wildlife Health Centre - Alberta Node, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada.AbstractThe cestode Taenia arctos was found at necropsy in the small intestine of a grizzly (Ursus arctos horribilis) and a black bear (Ursus americanus) from Kananaskis Country in southwestern Alberta, Canada. The autolysis of the tapeworm specimens precluded detailed morphological characterization of the parasites but molecular analysis based on mitochondrial DNA cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene confirmed their identity as T. arctos. This is the first report of T. arctos from definitive hosts in North America. Its detection in Canadian grizzly and black bears further supports the Holarctic distribution of this tapeworm species and its specificity for ursids as final hosts. Previously, T. arctos was unambiguously described at its adult stage in brown bears (Ursus arctos arctos) from Finland, and as larval stages in Eurasian elk (Alces alces) from Finland and moose (Alces americanus) from Alaska, USA. Given the morphological similarity between T. arctos and other Taenia species, the present study underlines the potential for misidentification of tapeworm taxa in previous parasitological reports from bears and moose across North America. The biogeographical history of both definitive and intermediate hosts in the Holarctic suggests an ancient interaction between U. arctos, Alces spp., and T. arctos, and a relatively recent host-switching event in U. americanus.
Parasitology international.Parasitol Int.2014 Apr;63(2):389-91. doi: 10.1016/j.parint.2013.12.012. Epub 2013 Dec 29.
The cestode Taenia arctos was found at necropsy in the small intestine of a grizzly (Ursus arctos horribilis) and a black bear (Ursus americanus) from Kananaskis Country in southwestern Alberta, Canada. The autolysis of the tapeworm specimens precluded detailed morphological characterization of the
PMID 24382413

Genome of the human hookworm Necator americanus.

Tang YT1, Gao X1, Rosa BA1, Abubucker S2, Hallsworth-Pepin K2, Martin J2, Tyagi R2, Heizer E2, Zhang X2, Bhonagiri-Palsikar V2, Minx P2, Warren WC3, Wang Q2, Zhan B4, Hotez PJ4, Sternberg PW5, Dougall A6, Gaze ST6, Mulvenna J7, Sotillo J6, Ranganathan S8, Rabelo EM9, Wilson RK3, Felgner PL10, Bethony J11, Hawdon JM11, Gasser RB12, Loukas A6, Mitreva M13.Author information 11] The Genome Institute at Washington University, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA. [2].2The Genome Institute at Washington University, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA.31] The Genome Institute at Washington University, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA. [2] Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA.41] Department of Pediatrics, National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA. [2] Sabin Vaccine Institute and Texas Children's Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Houston, Texas, USA.51] Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA. [2] Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland, USA.6Centre for Biodiscovery and Molecular Development of Therapeutics, Queensland Tropical Health Alliance, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia.7Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.81] Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. [2] Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.9Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil.10Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA.11Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.12Faculty of Veterinary Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.131] The Genome Institute at Washington University, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA. [2] Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA. [3] Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA.AbstractThe hookworm Necator americanus is the predominant soil-transmitted human parasite. Adult worms feed on blood in the small intestine, causing iron-deficiency anemia, malnutrition, growth and development stunting in children, and severe morbidity and mortality during pregnancy in women. We report sequencing and assembly of the N. americanus genome (244 Mb, 19,151 genes). Characterization of this first hookworm genome sequence identified genes orchestrating the hookworm's invasion of the human host, genes involved in blood feeding and development, and genes encoding proteins that represent new potential drug targets against hookworms. N. americanus has undergone a considerable and unique expansion of immunomodulator proteins, some of which we highlight as potential treatments against inflammatory diseases. We also used a protein microarray to demonstrate a postgenomic application of the hookworm genome sequence. This genome provides an invaluable resource to boost ongoing efforts toward fundamental and applied postgenomic research, including the development of new methods to control hookworm and human immunological diseases.
Nature genetics.Nat Genet.2014 Mar;46(3):261-9. doi: 10.1038/ng.2875. Epub 2014 Jan 19.
The hookworm Necator americanus is the predominant soil-transmitted human parasite. Adult worms feed on blood in the small intestine, causing iron-deficiency anemia, malnutrition, growth and development stunting in children, and severe morbidity and mortality during pregnancy in women. We report seq
PMID 24441737

Japanese Journal

Discrimination learning with light stimuli in restrained American lobster

Tomina Yusuke,Takahata Masakazu
Behavioural Brain Research 229(1), 91-105, 2012-04-01
… We tested in this study whether American lobster Homarus americanus, which was previously found to possess ability of operant learning with claw gripping, could be trained to discriminate light stimuli of different intensities. …
NAID 120003994105

Ecotoxicological risk of organotin compounds on zooplankton community

RUMENGAN Inneke F. M.,OHJI Madoka
Coastal marine science 35(1), 129-135, 2012-00-00
… Generally, meroplankton such as veliger larvae of the mussel (Mytilus edulis) and lobster larvae (Homarus americanus) are more sensitive than the adults. …
NAID 40019322418

A behavioral analysis of force-controlled operant tasks in American lobster

Tomina Yusuke,Takahata Masakazu
Physiology & Behavior 101(1), 108-116, 2010-08-04
… As the first step toward understanding those functions in simple invertebrate microbrains, we tested whether operant conditioning could be applied to train American lobster Homarus americanus that has been extensively adopted as an animal model for neurophysiological analyses of nervous system functions and behavioral control. …
NAID 120002277522