WordNet

surround with a wall in order to fortify (同)palisade, fence, fence in, surround
a difficult or awkward situation; "his back was to the wall"; "competition was pushing them to the wall"
a layer of material that encloses space; "the walls of the cylinder were perforated"; "the containers walls were blue"
a masonry fence (as around an estate or garden); "the wall followed the road"; "he ducked behind the garden wall and waited"
an architectural partition with a height and length greater than its thickness; used to divide or enclose an area or to support another structure; "the south wall had a small window"; "the walls were covered with pictures"
(anatomy) a layer (a lining or membrane) that encloses a structure; "stomach walls" (同)paries
a vertical (or almost vertical) smooth rock face (as of a cave or mountain)
anything that suggests a wall in structure or function or effect; "a wall of water"; "a wall of smoke"; "a wall of prejudice"; "negotiations ran into a brick wall"
pertaining to the tiny air sacs of the lungs
pertaining to the sockets of the teeth or that part of the upper jaw; "alveolar processes"
an alliance of nations joining together to fight a common enemy

PrepTutorEJDIC

{C}(石・れんがなどの)『壁』,へい / {U}(胃などの)内壁,内側 / {C}(…の)壁[のようなもの]《+of+名》 / …‘を'壁(へい)で囲む / …‘を'壁で仕切る / 〈窓・入り口など〉‘を'壁ぃふさぐ《+up+名,+名+up》
歯茎音の(舌先を上歯茎にふれて発音する) / 肺胞の;歯槽(しそう)の / 歯茎音

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1. びまん性肺胞出血症候群 the diffuse alveolar hemorrhage syndromes
2. 胸壁疾患 diseases of the chest wall
3. 急性間質性肺炎（ハマンリッチ症候群） acute interstitial pneumonia hamman rich syndrome
4. 子宮内から子宮外の生活への生理的変化 physiologic transition from intrauterine to extrauterine life
5. 神経筋疾患および胸壁疾患患者に対する連続的な非侵襲的換気補助 continuous noninvasive ventilatory support for patients with neuromuscular or chest wall disease

Radiographic study of the distribution of maxillary intraosseous vascular canal in Koreans.

Lee J1, Kang N2, Moon YM3, Pang EK4.
Maxillofacial plastic and reconstructive surgery.Maxillofac Plast Reconstr Surg.2016 Jan 4;38(1):1. eCollection 2016.
BACKGROUND: This study aimed to investigate the distribution and prevalence of intraosseous loop (anastomosis between posterior superior alveolar artery and infraorbital artery) in Koreans detected on computed tomography (CT) images taken prior to sinus augmentation surgery.METHODS: From the 177 pat
PMID 26767186

DJ-1 Modulates Nuclear Erythroid 2-Related Factor-2-Mediated Protection in Human Primary Alveolar Type II Cells in Smokers.

Bahmed K1,2, Messier EM3, Zhou W4, Tuder RM5, Freed CR4, Chu HW3, Kelsen SG1,2, Bowler RP3, Mason RJ3, Kosmider B1,2,6,3.
American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology.Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol.2016 Sep;55(3):439-449.
Cigarette smoke (CS) is a main source of oxidative stress and a key risk factor for emphysema, which consists of alveolar wall destruction. Alveolar type (AT) II cells are in the gas exchange regions of the lung. We isolated primary ATII cells from deidentified organ donors whose lungs were not suit
PMID 27093578

Thioredoxin Reductase Inhibition Attenuates Neonatal Hyperoxic Lung Injury and Enhances Nuclear Factor E2-Related Factor 2 Activation.

Li Q1,2, Wall SB1,2, Ren C2, Velten M3, Hill CL4, Locy ML5, Rogers LK4, Tipple TE1,2.
American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology.Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol.2016 Sep;55(3):419-428.
Oxygen toxicity and antioxidant deficiencies contribute to the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Aurothioglucose (ATG) and auranofin potently inhibit thioredoxin reductase-1 (TrxR1), and TrxR1 disruption activates nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), a regulator of endogenous antioxid
PMID 27089175

Mediastinal, retroperitoneal, and subcutaneous emphysema due tosigmoid colon penetration: A case report and literature review

MURONOI Tomohiro,キダニアキヒコ,HIRA Eiji,Takeda Kayo,KURAMOTO Shunsuke,OKA Kazuyuki,SHIMOJO Yoshihide,WATANABE Hiroaki
International Journal of Surgery Case Reports (55), 213-217, 2019-02-10
… tINTRODUCTION: Mediastinal and subcutaneous emphysema usually result from spontaneous ruptureof the alveolar wall. …
NAID 120006649701

Long-term polarization of alveolar macrophages to a profibrotic phenotype after inhalation exposure to multi-wall carbon nanotubes

Otsuka Kunihiro,Yamada Koichi,Taquahashi Yuhji,Arakaki Rieko,Ushio Aya,Saito Masako,Yamada Akiko,Tsunematsu Takaaki,Kudo Yasusei,Kanno Jun,Ishimaru Naozumi
PLOS ONE 13(10), e0205702, 2018-10-29
… At 12 months after T-CNT exposure, alveolar inflammation with macrophage accumulation and hypertrophy of the alveolar walls were observed. … Moreover, the alveolar macrophages of T-CNT-exposed mice produced matrix metalloprotinase-12.ConclusionsThese results suggest that T-CNT exposure promoted chronic inflammation and fibrotic lesion formation in profibrotic macrophages for prolonged periods. …
NAID 120006711356

小野紘輔,藤崎成至,今岡洸輝,平田雄三,福田三郎,先本秀人
日本臨床外科学会雑誌 79(7), 1417-1421, 2018
症例は75歳，女性．検診の胸部CTにて右肺S6に6mm大の結節影を認め，7年間の経過で6mmから8mmと緩徐な増大を示した．腫瘍マーカーはproGRPの軽度上昇を認めるほかは異常なく，FDG-PETでは軽度のFDG集積（SUVmax=1.9）を認めた．腺癌・カルチノイド・肉芽腫性病変を疑い，診断治療目的に手術を行う方針とし胸腔鏡下右肺下葉切除術を行った．病理組織学的には，線毛円柱上皮・杯細胞・基底 …
NAID 130007583937