WordNet

something determined in relation to something that includes it; "he wanted to feel a part of something bigger than himself"; "I read a portion of the manuscript"; "the smaller component is hard to reach"; "the animal constituent of plankton" (同)portion, component part, component, constituent
something less than the whole of a human artifact; "the rear part of the house"; "glue the two parts together" (同)portion
a line of scalp that can be seen when sections of hair are combed in opposite directions; "his part was right in the middle" (同)parting
a portion of a natural object; "they analyzed the river into three parts"; "he needed a piece of granite" (同)piece
one of the portions into which something is regarded as divided and which together constitute a whole; "the written part of the exam"; "the finance section of the company"; "the BBCs engineering division" (同)section, division
the melody carried by a particular voice or instrument in polyphonic music; "he tried to sing the tenor part" (同)voice
that which concerns a person with regard to a particular role or situation; "it requires vigilance on our part"; "they resisted every effort on his part"
yielding readily to pressure or weight
(of light) transmitted from a broad light source or reflected (同)diffuse, diffused
out of condition; not strong or robust; incapable of exertion or endurance; "he was too soft for the army"; "flabby around the middle"; "flaccid cheeks" (同)flabby, flaccid
not brilliant or glaring; "the moon cast soft shadows"; "soft pastel colors"; "subdued lighting" (同)subdued
(of a commodity or market or currency) falling or likely to fall in value; "the market for computers is soft"
(of sound) relatively low in volume; "soft voices"; "soft music"
(of speech sounds); produced with the back of the tongue raised toward the hard palate; characterized by a hissing or hushing sound (as `s and `sh'
compassionate and kind; conciliatory; "he was soft on his children"
not protected against attack (especially by nuclear weapons); "soft targets"
using evidence not readily amenable to experimental verification or refutation; "soft data"; "the soft sciences"
willing to negotiate and compromise
to a very great extent or degree; "the idea is so obvious"; "never been so happy"; "I love you so"; "my head aches so!"
(usually followed by `that'
in a manner that facilitates; "he observed the snakes so he could describe their behavior"; "he stooped down so he could pick up his hat"
in such a condition or manner, especially as expressed or implied; "Theyre happy and I hope they will remain so"; "so live your life that old age will bring no regrets"
in the same way; also; "I was offended and so was he"; "worked hard and so did she"
to a certain unspecified extent or degree; "I can only go so far with this student"; "can do only so much in a day"
make a score (on a hole) equal to par
(golf) the standard number of strokes set for each hole on a golf course, or for the entire course; "a par-5 hole"; "par for this course is 72"
pertaining to the tiny air sacs of the lungs
pertaining to the sockets of the teeth or that part of the upper jaw; "alveolar processes"

PrepTutorEJDIC

〈C〉(全体を構成する)『部分』 / 〈U〉《しばしばa~》(…の)『一部』,『一部分』《+『of』+『名』》 / 〈C〉《割合》…分の1,(比率の)1 / 〈C〉(機械,器具などの)部品 / 〈C〉(仕事などの)『役目』,分担;関与 / 〈U〉(対立・契約などの)一方の側 / 〈C〉《おもに米》(頭髪の)分け目(《おもに英》parting) / 〈C〉《複数形で》地域,地方 / 〈C〉(演劇・影画・オペラなどの)『役』,役割り(role);(役の)せりふ / 〈C〉声部,音部,パート;パート譜 / (複数形で)才能,資質 / …‘を'二つに(部分に)分ける;(各部分に)‘を'分ける)《+『名』+『into』(『in』)+『名』》 / (…から)…を引き離す,分ける《+『名』+『from』+『名』》 / (二つ以上の部分に)『分かれる』 / 『別れる』 / (物を)手放す,処分する《+『with』+『名』〈物〉》 / 一部分は,部分的に,幾分
(押されて形を変えるほど)『柔らかい』 / (木材・金属などが,同種の中で比較的)『柔らかい』 / (斤ざわりの)なめらかな,すべすべした / (声・音が)穏やかな,低い,静かな / (見た目に)どぎつくない,落ち着いた / (天候・気候が)穏やかな,温和な / (心・言動が)優しい,もの柔らかな / (体または精神などが)軟弱な,虚弱な / (市況・相場が)弱気の,下がり気味の / (水が)軟性の / (水音が)軟音の / アルコール分を含まない / 柔らかに / 静かに
《様態の指示》『そういうふうに』,『そのように』・《補語に用いて》『そのようで』,そうで・《程度》『それほど』,そんなに・《強意として》《話》『非常に』,『とても』,たいへん・《前に述べたことの内容に対する同意を表して;「so+主語+[助]動詞」》『その通りで』,『本当に』,確かに,おっしゃるとおり・《肯定文を受けて;「so+[助]動詞+主語」の語順で》…『もまた』,『も同様に』・《as~, so…で》~と同じように…,(~のように)そのように・《目的を表して》…『するように』・《理由・結果を表して》『その結果』,それで・《文・節の頭に用いて》『それで』,だから・《驚き・賛成・嫌悪・疑いなどを表して》そうか,そうなんだ,どうかな,まさか・それでよし
=sol
〈U〉同等,同価,同水準,同程度 / (また『par value』)〈U〉平価,額面価格 / 〈U〉(程度・質・状態・数量などの)平均,標準;(精神・健康などの)常態 / 〈C〉(ゴルフで)標準打数,パー / 《名詞の前にのみ用いて》平均の,標準の / 額面の
(ゴルフで)〈1ホールまたは1コース〉‘を'基準打数でとる,パーで上がる
歯茎音の(舌先を上歯茎にふれて発音する) / 肺胞の;歯槽(しそう)の / 歯茎音

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/02/27 15:08:02」(JST)

wiki en

Alveolar soft part sarcoma, abbreviated ASPS, is a very rare type of soft tissue sarcoma, that grows slowly and whose cell of origin is unknown.

It arises mainly in children and young adults. ASPS can migrate (metastasize) into other parts of the body, typically the lungs and the brain.

ASPS is a sarcoma, and that indicates that this cancer initially arises from tissue of embryonic mesenchymal origin. (The fertilized egg divides and redivides forming a sphere. Early in embryogenesis, dimples appear in the poles of the sphere and burrow through the sphere forming an inner passage that will ultimately form the gut. Malignancies arising from cells that were originally part of the outer layer of the sphere and those that were part of the embryonic tunnel are termed carcinomas; malignancies arising from the cells between the outer layer and the inner burrow are termed sarcomas.) Typically, ASPS arises in muscles and deep soft tissue of the thigh or the leg (lower extremities), but can also appear in the upper extremities (hands, neck, and head). While ASPS is a soft tissue sarcoma, it can also spread and grow inside the bones.

The term alveolar comes from the microscopic pattern, visible during the analysis of slides of ASPS under the microscope in histopathology. The tumor cells seem to be arranged in the same pattern as the cells of the small air sacks (alveoli) in the lungs. However, this is just a structural similarity. ASPS was first described and characterized in 1952.^[1]

Epidemiology

ASPS is an extremely rare cancer. While sarcomas comprise about 1% of all newly diagnosed cancers, and 15% of all childhood cancers, ASPS comprises less than 1% of sarcomas. According to the American Cancer Society, about 9530 new cases of soft tissue sarcoma will be diagnosed in the USA in 2006. This predicts under 100 new cases of ASPS. Such low numbers of occurrence seriously impede the search for a cure by making it hard to gather any meaningful statistics about the disease. As a result, finding the best treatment option often involves making a lot of educated guesses.

Primary diagnosis

High magnification micrograph showing the characteristic large cells with abundant eosinophilic, i.e. pink, cytoplasm and an eccentrically placed nucleus. H&E stain.

ASPS may exist in the patient’s body for a long time before being diagnosed. It can grow large and push aside surrounding tissues for a long time before causing any discomfort. Therefore, ASPS symptoms may either be a painless swelling, or a soreness caused by compressed nerves or muscles, affecting the range of motion in the area.

Pathology

The definitive diagnosis of ASPS is based on its appearance under the microscope, i.e. its histomorphology, and presence of the characteristic chromosomal translocation.

ASPS' histomorphologic features include an alveolar-like pattern at low magnification and the presence of large cells with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm and eccentric nuclei. Calcifications are commonly present, as may be seen with slow growing neoplasms.

What causes ASPS

Chromosomal analysis of ASPS shows the breaking and joining of two chromosomes in the tumor cells. A piece of chromosome X breaks and is joined to chromosome 17.^[2] This translocation creates a fusion between two genes named ASPL and TFE3, which results in the formation of an aberrant protein (termed fusion protein) that is not found in normal cells. Two sorts of fusions between chromosome X and chromosome 17 are found in different ASPS tumors: Type one, and type two. Dr. Ladanyi at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, in New York, has pioneered this work. The first xenograft model of ASPS (for type one) was established in mice by David Vistica at the National Cancer Institute in Frederick, MD in 2009.^[3]

Prognosis

Although ASPS displays a relatively indolent course, the ultimate prognosis is poor and is often characterized by late metastases.

Promising clinical trials

Sunitinib
Cediranib new trial from England; adult doses have already been established, NCI is currently working on doses for children.

ASPS Charities

Jem's Life for ASPS ^[4]

References

^ Christopherson WM, Foote FW, Stewart FW: Alveolar soft part sarcomas: structurally characteristic tumors of uncertain histogenesis. Cancer 1952, 5:100-111
^ Ladanyi M, Lui MY, Antonescu CR, et al. (January 2001). "The der(17)t(X;17)(p11;q25) of human alveolar soft part sarcoma fuses the TFE3 transcription factor gene to ASPL, a novel gene at 17q25". Oncogene 20 (1): 48–57. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1204074. PMID 11244503.
^ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19636271
^ McFerrin, Jemisha. "Jem's Life ASPS Charity". Jem's Life For ASPS. Retrieved 2014-08-18.

External links

Torres and Pollock Alveolar Soft Part Sarcoma (ASPS) ESUN (December 15, 2010)
The Alliance Against Alveolar Soft Part Sarcoma Website dedicated to ASPS patients, information on treatments, etc.
Cure Alveolar Soft Part Sarcoma International An international site with general information, a library, and a discussion group. Organized by patients, and their family and friends

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

1. 軟部組織肉腫の臨床所見、病理組織学的検査、診断的評価、および病期分類 clinical presentation histopathology diagnostic evaluation and staging of soft tissue sarcoma
2. 転移性軟部組織肉腫の全身治療 systemic treatment of metastatic soft tissue sarcoma
3. 軟部および骨肉腫の病原因子 pathogenetic factors in soft tissue and bone sarcomas

English Journal

A retrospective analysis of lung metastasis in 64 patients with alveolar soft part sarcoma.

Liu YP1, Jin J, Wang WH, Wang SL, Song YW, Fang H, Ren H, Liu XF, Yu ZH, Li YX.
Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico.Clin Transl Oncol.2015 Jun 3. [Epub ahead of print]
OBJECTIVES: To analyse the lung metastasis and possible factors influencing lung metastasis in alveolar soft part sarcoma (ASPS) patients.METHODS: The medical records of 64 consecutive ASPS patients were reviewed to analyse their treatments, features of lung metastasis, and possible factors influenc
PMID 26036854

Extensive survey of STAT6 expression in a large series of mesenchymal tumors.

Demicco EG1, Harms PW2, Patel RM2, Smith SC2, Ingram D3, Torres K4, Carskadon SL2, Camelo-Piragua S2, McHugh JB2, Siddiqui J2, Palanisamy N2, Lucas DR2, Lazar AJ5, Wang WL3.
American journal of clinical pathology.Am J Clin Pathol.2015 May;143(5):672-82. doi: 10.1309/AJCPN25NJTOUNPNF.
OBJECTIVES: Expression of strong nuclear STAT6 is thought to be a specific marker for solitary fibrous tumors (SFTs). Little is known about subtle expression patterns in other mesenchymal lesions.METHODS: We performed immunohistochemical studies against the C-terminus of STAT6 in tissue microarrays
PMID 25873501

Anaplastic lymphoma kinase protein expression, genetic abnormalities, and phosphorylation in soft tissue tumors: Phosphorylation is associated with recurrent metastasis.

Ishibashi Y1, Miyoshi H1, Hiraoka K2, Arakawa F1, Haraguchi T1, Nakashima S1, Hashiguchi T1, Shoda T2, Hamada T2, Okawa T2, Higuchi F2, Shiba N2, Nagata K2, Ohshima K1.
Oncology reports.Oncol Rep.2015 Apr;33(4):1667-74. doi: 10.3892/or.2015.3806. Epub 2015 Feb 16.
Gene and protein abnormalities of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) play an important role in the pathogenesis of various cancers and serve as important therapeutic targets. We investigated ALK protein expression, phosphorylation, and genetic aberrations using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FIS
PMID 25683346

Japanese Journal

症例報告術前腫瘍塞栓術と腫瘍摘出術により視野障害が段階的に改善した胞巣状軟部肉腫の後頭葉内脳転移の1例

五十棲孝裕,木戸岡実,李英彦 [他]
Brain and nerve : 神経研究の進歩 65(12), 1515-1520, 2013-12
NAID 40019901645

舌に発生した胞巣状軟部肉腫の1例

近藤誠二,鎌谷宇明,河野葉子 [他]
日本口腔外科学会雑誌 = Japanese journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery 59(9), 593-597, 2013-09
NAID 40019815132

傍膣部原発の小児Alveolar soft part sarcomaに対する重粒子線治療の１例

中川彰子,清原浩樹,鈴木義行,大野達也,中野隆史,中村和人,金澤崇
The Kitakanto medical journal = 北関東医学 63(3), 277-277, 2013-08-01
NAID 120005317169

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「胞巣状軟部肉腫」「胞状軟部肉腫」
関連記事	「part」「so」「parted」「alveolar」「soft」

「胞巣状軟部肉腫」

Alveolar soft part sarcoma
	Micrograph of an alveolar soft part sarcoma, showing the characteristic alveolar-like architecture and cells with eccentric nuclei and abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm. H&E stain.
Classification and external resources
ICD-O:	M9581/3
OMIM	606243
NCI	Alveolar soft part sarcoma
MeSH	D018234