WordNet

a distinctive but intangible quality surrounding a person or thing; "an air of mystery"; "the house had a neglected air"; "an atmosphere of defeat pervaded the candidates headquarters"; "the place had an aura of romance" (同)aura, atmosphere
a mixture of gases (especially oxygen) required for breathing; the stuff that the wind consists of; "air pollution"; "a smell of chemicals in the air"; "open a window and let in some air"; "I need some fresh air"
once thought to be one of four elements composing the universe (Empedocles)
medium for radio and television broadcasting; "the program was on the air from 9 til midnight"; "the president used the airwaves to take his message to the people" (同)airwave
the region above the ground; "her hand stopped in mid air"; "he threw the ball into the air"
expose to warm or heated air, so as to dry; "Air linen"
broadcast over the airwaves, as in radio or television; "We cannot air this X-rated song" (同)send, broadcast, beam, transmit
be broadcast; "This show will air Saturdays at 2 P.M."
pertaining to the tiny air sacs of the lungs
pertaining to the sockets of the teeth or that part of the upper jaw; "alveolar processes"
the act of regarding as equal (同)equating
a mathematical statement that two expressions are equal
a short excursion (a walk or ride) in the open air; "he took the dogs for an airing"
affected manners intended to impress others; "dont put on airs with me" (同)pose

PrepTutorEJDIC

〈U〉『空気』,大気 / 《the ~》『空中』,空間,空(sky) / 《古》〈C〉そよ風,微風(breeze) / 《文》〈C〉(音楽の)ふし,旋律(melody) / 〈C〉様子,態度,風さい / 《複数形で》気どった様子 / 〈衣服など〉'を'空気にさらす,風にあてる / 〈部屋〉‘に'風を通す / 〈うわさ・意見など〉'を'言いふらす
歯茎音の(舌先を上歯茎にふれて発音する) / 肺胞の;歯槽(しそう)の / 歯茎音
等式; 方程式
空気にあてること,虫干し / 《単数形で》外出,散歩 / (知識・意見などの)公開,周知

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/06/16 00:13:02」(JST)

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The alveolar air equation is the method for calculating partial pressure of alveolar gas (P_AO₂). The equation is used in assessing if the lungs are properly transferring oxygen into the blood. The alveolar air equation is not widely used in clinical medicine, probably because of the complicated appearance of its classic forms.

Interpretation

To clinically interpret P_aO₂ one has to also know the patient's P_aCO₂, F_IO2 (fraction of inspired oxygen) and the P_B (barometric pressure), all components of the equation for P_AO₂.

Equations

Several possible equations exist to calculate the alveolar air.^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6]^[7]

Abbreviated alveolar air equation

P_AO₂, P_EO₂, and P_iO₂ are the partial pressures of oxygen in alveolar, expired, and inspired gas, respectively, and VD/VT is the ratio of physiologic dead space over tidal volume.^[8]

Respiratory quotient (R)

Physiologic dead space over tidal volume (VD/VT)

References

^ Raymond L, Dolan W, Dutton R, et al: Pulmonary function and gas exchange during altitude hypoxia (abstract). Clin Res 19:147, 1971
^ Spaur WH, Raymond LW, Knott MM, et al: Dyspnea in divers at 49.5 ATA: Mechanical not chemical in origin. Undersea Biomed Res 4:183-198, 1977
^ Rossier P-H, Blickenstorfer E: Espace mort et hyperventilation. Helv Med Acta 13:328-332, 1946
^ Riley RL, Lilienthal JL Jr, Proemmel DD, et al: On the determination of the physiologically effective pressures of oxygen and carbon dioxide in alveolar air. Am J Physiol 147:191-198, 1946
^ McNicol MW, Campbell EJM: Severity of respiratory failure: arterial blood gases in untreated patients. Lancet 1:336-338, 1965
^ Begin R, Renzetti AD Jr: Alveolar-arterial oxygen pressure gradient: I. Comparison between an assumed and actual respiratory quotient in stable chronic pulmonary disease; Relationship to aging and closing volume in normal subjects. Respir Care 22:491-500, 1977
^ Suwa K, Geffin B, Pontoppidan H, et al: A nomogram for deadspace requirement during prolonged artificial ventilation. Anesthesiology 29:1206-1210, 1968
^ Fenn WO, Rahn H, Otis AB: A theoretical study of the composition of alveolar air at altitude. Am J Physiol 146:637-653, 1946

UpToDate Contents

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1. 低酸素血症の酸素供給およびメカニズム oxygenation and mechanisms of hypoxemia
2. 高地滞在および飛行機搭乗と心疾患 high altitude air travel and heart disease
3. Inhalation anesthetic agents
4. Anesthesia for tracheal surgery
5. びまん性肺胞出血症候群 the diffuse alveolar hemorrhage syndromes

English Journal

Equivalent Air Altitude and the Alveolar Gas Equation.

Conkin J1.
Aerospace medicine and human performance.Aerosp Med Hum Perform.2016 Jan;87(1):61-4. doi: 10.3357/AMHP.4421.2016.
INTRODUCTION: It is expedient to use normobaric hypoxia (NH) as a surrogate for hypobaric hypoxia (HH) for training and research. The approach matches inspired oxygen partial pressure (P(I)o₂) at the desired altitude to that at site pressure (PB) by reducing the inspired fraction of oxygen (FIo₂
PMID 26735235

Exhaled methane concentration profiles during exercise on an ergometer.

Szabó A1, Ruzsanyi V, Unterkofler K, Mohácsi Á, Tuboly E, Boros M, Szabó G, Hinterhuber H, Amann A.
Journal of breath research.J Breath Res.2015 Mar 9;9(1):016009. doi: 10.1088/1752-7155/9/1/016009.
Exhaled methane concentration measurements are extensively used in medical investigation of certain gastrointestinal conditions. However, the dynamics of endogenous methane release is largely unknown. Breath methane profiles during ergometer tests were measured by means of a photoacoustic spectrosco
PMID 25749807
PMID 20865052