alpha blocker

　

WordNet

1. any of various drugs that block alpha-adrenergic receptors; used in treating benign prostatic hyperplasia; relaxes the muscles of the prostate and bladder (同)alpha-blocker, alpha-adrenergic blocker, alpha-adrenergic_blocking_agent
2. a three-dimensional shape with six square or rectangular sides (同)cube
3. (computer science) a sector or group of sectors that function as the smallest data unit permitted; "since blocks are often defined as a single sector, the terms `block and `sector are sometimes used interchangeably"
4. support, secure, or raise with a block; "block a plate for printing"; "block the wheels of a car"
5. a solid piece of something (usually having flat rectangular sides); "the pyramids were built with large stone blocks"
6. housing in a large building that is divided into separate units; "there is a block of classrooms in the west wing"
7. a rectangular area in a city surrounded by streets and usually containing several buildings; "he lives in the next block" (同)city block
8. an inability to remember or think of something you normally can do; often caused by emotional tension; "I knew his name perfectly well but I had a temporary block" (同)mental_block
9. a number or quantity of related things dealt with as a unit; "he reserved a large block of seats"; "he held a large block of the companys stock"
10. interrupt the normal function of by means of anesthesia; "block a nerve"; "block a muscle"
11. run on a block system; "block trains"
12. shape by using a block; "Block a hat"; "block a garment"
13. shape into a block or blocks; "block the graphs so one can see the results clearly"
14. stamp or emboss a title or design on a book with a block; "block the book cover"
15. first in order of importance; "the alpha male in the group of chimpanzees"; "the alpha star in a constellation is the brightest or main star"
16. the 1st letter of the Greek alphabet
17. the beginning of a series or sequence; "the Alpha and Omega, the first and the last, the beginning and the end"--Revelations
18. early testing stage of a software or hardware product; "alpha version"
19. a class of drugs that inhibit (block) some biological process (同)blocking_agent
20. a football player whose responsibility is to block players attempting to stop an offensive play
21. any high mountain

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. (木・石などの,通例平らな面のある)『かたまり』 / 《米》(四団を街路に囲まれた)『区画』,街区 / 街区の1辺の距離(一般に40メートル前後) / 《英》ブロック(アパート・事務所・商店などに区切られている大きな建物) / 『妨害物』,障害物(obstacle);(障害によって生じた)停滞,渋滞 / 台木,台(まないた・肉切り台・まき割り台・せり売り台・帽子の木型など);《the~》炭頭台 / (特にアメリカンフットボールで)ブロック(相手の選手の突進を阻止する) / 滑車(pulley) / (座席券・株券などの)一組《+『of』+『名』》 / 〈通路など〉'を'『ふさぐ』,〈通行・進行など〉'を'妨げる / 〈帽子など〉の型取りをする / (特にアメリカンフットボールで)〈相手選手の突進〉'を'ブロックする;(ボクシングで)〈相手のパンチ〉'を'ブロックする
2. アルファ(ギリシア語アルファベットの第1字A,α;英語のA,aに相当) / アルファ星(星座の主星)
3. 高山,高峰

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/01/16 15:52:20」(JST)

wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

α-blockers (alpha-blockers) or α-adrenergic-antagonists are pharmacological agents that act as receptor antagonists of α-adrenergic receptors (α-adrenoceptors).

Classification

• α₁-blockers or antagonists act at α₁-adrenoceptors
• α₂-blockers or antagonists act at α₂-adrenoceptors

When the term "alpha blocker" is used without further qualification, it sometimes refers to α₁-blockers, and sometimes refers to agents that act at both types of receptors.^{[citation needed]}

Examples of non-selective α-adrenergic blockers include:

• Phenoxybenzamine
• Phentolamine
• Tolazoline
• Trazodone
• Typical and atypical antipsychotics

Selective α₁-adrenergic blockers include:

• Alfuzosin
• Prazosin
• Doxazosin
• Tamsulosin
• Terazosin
• Silodosin

Selective α₂-adrenergic blockers include:

• Atipamezole
• Idazoxan
• Mirtazapine
• Yohimbine

The agents carvedilol and labetalol are both α- and β-blockers.

Uses

α-blockers are used in the treatment of several conditions, such as Raynaud's disease, hypertension, and scleroderma.

α-blockers can also be used to treat anxiety and panic disorders, such as generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder or posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). While most commonly used to treat hypertension (usually in conjunction with diuretics when other treatments are ineffective), they are also often used to treat the symptoms of BPH (benign prostatic hyperplasia). Alpha-2 adrenergic receptor agonists, such as clonidine and guanfacine, act at noradrenergic autoreceptors (presynaptic) to inhibit the firing of cells in the locus ceruleus, effectively reducing the release of brain norepinephrine. Clonidine has shown promise among patients with Anxiety, Panic and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder aka PTSD in clinical trials and was used to treat severely and chronically abused and neglected preschool children. It improved disturbed behavior by reducing aggression, impulsivity, emotional outbursts, and oppositionality. The following Sleep disorders of Insomnia along with theParasomnia disorders of Nightmares and /or Night Terrors aka pavor nocturnus were all reported to be reduced.

Kinzie and Leung prescribed the combination of clonidine and imipramine to severely traumatized Cambodian refugees with Anxiety, Panic and PTSD. Global symptoms of PTSD were reduced among sixty-six percent and nightmares among seventy-seven percent. Guanfacine brand name Tenex produces less sedation than clonidine and thus may be better tolerated. Guanfacine reduced the trauma-related nightmares. A recently completed randomized double-blind trial among veteran patients with chronic PTSD showed that augmentation with guanfacine was associated with improvement in anxiety and PTSD.

Prazosin aka Minipress is an alpha1-receptor antagonist. Raskind and colleagues studied the efficacy of prazosin for PTSD among Vietnam combat veterans in a 20-week double-blind crossover protocol with a two-week drug washout to allow for return to baseline. The CAPS and the Clinical Global Impressions-Change scale (CGI-C) were the primary outcome measures. Patients who were taking prazosin had a robust improvement in overall sleep quality (effect size, 1.6) and recurrent distressing dreams (effect size, 1.9). In each of the PTSD symptom clusters the effect size was medium to large: 0.7 for reexperiencing or intrusion, 0.6 for avoidance and numbing, and 0.9 for hyperarousal. The reduction in CGI-C scores (overall PTSD severity and function at endpoint) also reflected a large effect size (1.4). Prazosin appears to have promise as an effective treatment for PTSD-related sleep disturbance, including trauma-related nightmares, as well as overall Anxiety and PTSD symptoms.

See also

• Beta blocker

References

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

• 1. 原発性（本態性）高血圧における薬物療法の選択：推奨 choice of drug therapy in primary essential hypertension recommendations
• 2. 前立腺肥大症の内科的治療 medical treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia
• 3. 男性における下部尿路症状 lower urinary tract symptoms in men
• 4. 降圧剤と脂質 antihypertensive drugs and lipids
• 5. 夜間頻尿：臨床症状、診断、および治療治療 nocturia clinical presentation diagnosis and treatment

English Journal

• "Tasting" the cerebrospinal fluid: Another function of the choroid plexus?

• Tomás J1, Santos CR1, Quintela T1, Gonçalves I2.
• Neuroscience.Neuroscience.2016 Apr 21;320:160-71. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.01.057. Epub 2016 Feb 2.
• The choroid plexus (CP) located in brain ventricles, by forming the interface between the blood and the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is in a privileged position to monitor the composition of these body fluids. Yet, the mechanisms involved in this surveillance system remain to be identified. The taste t
• PMID 26850994

• Gene-Specific Therapy With Mexiletine Reduces Arrhythmic Events in Patients With Long QT Syndrome Type 3.

• Mazzanti A1, Maragna R1, Faragli A1, Monteforte N1, Bloise R1, Memmi M1, Novelli V1, Baiardi P1, Bagnardi V2, Etheridge SP3, Napolitano C1, Priori SG4.
• Journal of the American College of Cardiology.J Am Coll Cardiol.2016 Mar 8;67(9):1053-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2015.12.033.
• BACKGROUND: Long QT syndrome type 3 (LQT3) is a lethal disease caused by gain-of-function mutations in the SCN5A gene, coding for the alpha-subunit of the sodium channel NaV1.5. Mexiletine is used to block late sodium current and to shorten QT interval in LQT3 patients.OBJECTIVES: The aim of this
• PMID 26940925

• Activation of Alpha 7 Cholinergic Nicotinic Receptors Reduce Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability following Experimental Traumatic Brain Injury.

• Dash PK1, Zhao J2, Kobori N2, Redell JB2, Hylin MJ2, Hood KN2, Moore AN2.
• The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience.J Neurosci.2016 Mar 2;36(9):2809-18. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3197-15.2016.
• Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major human health concern that has the greatest impact on young men and women. The breakdown of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is an important pathological consequence of TBI that initiates secondary processes, including infiltration of inflammatory cells, which can
• PMID 26937017

• Intrarenal renin-angiotensin system mediates fatty acid-induced ER stress in the kidney.

• Li C1, Lin Y1, Luo R1, Chen S2, Wang F3, Zheng P1, Levi M4, Yang T5, Wang W1.
• American journal of physiology. Renal physiology.Am J Physiol Renal Physiol.2016 Mar 1;310(5):F351-63. doi: 10.1152/ajprenal.00223.2015. Epub 2015 Dec 16.
• Obesity-related kidney disease is related to caloric excess promoting deleterious cellular responses. Accumulation of saturated free fatty acids in tubular cells produces lipotoxicity involving significant cellular dysfunction and injury. The objectives of this study were to elucidate the role of re
• PMID 26672616

Japanese Journal

• 褐色細胞腫クリーゼ (特集 内分泌緊急症)

• 成瀬 光栄,立木 美香,田辺 晶代
• 内分泌・糖尿病・代謝内科 38(2), 129-132, 2014-02
• NAID 40020003167

• 慢性疼痛発現における脳内痛覚伝達系の亢進の関与

• 大澤 匡弘,山本 昇平,小野 秀樹
• YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 134(3), 387-395, 2014
• … Moreover, intracerebroventricular treatment with gabapentin, a calcium channel alpha2delta-1 subunit blocker, attenuated the hyperalgesia in the nerve-injury model of mice. …
• NAID 130003391181

• α遮断薬使用の長所と短所 (特集 エビデンスからみた降圧薬の長所と短所)

• 武居 講,廣岡 良隆
• 循環器内科 74(4), 332-337, 2013-10
• NAID 40019840513

• α₁遮断薬投与中の前立腺肥大症患者に対するデュタステリド追加投与の効果 : 特に過活動膀胱の改善について

• 和田 直樹,橋爪 和純,玉木 岳 [他],北 雅史,岩田 達也,松本 成史,柿崎 秀宏
• 泌尿器科紀要 58(9), 475-480, 2012-09
• 著者最終原稿版何らかのα1遮断薬を3ヵ月以上服用し、かつ抗コリン薬を服用していない前立腺体積が30ml以上の患者でIPSSが8点もしくはQOLインデックスが3点以上の患者72名を対象に、α1遮断薬で十分効果が得られていない前立腺肥大症(BPH)患者に対するデュタステリドの追加投与が切迫性尿失禁を含めた過活動膀胱(OAB)の改善に寄与するか検討した。患者は51〜92歳、平均74.9歳で、非OAB患者 …
• NAID 120004873763

Related Links

• 交感神経α受容体遮断薬 - Wikipedia

交感神経α受容体遮断薬（こうかんしんけいあるふぁじゅようたいしゃだんやく、alpha- adrenergic blocking agent; alpha blocker）とは交感神経のアドレナリン受容体のうち 、α受容体のみに遮断作用を示す薬剤のことである。主に高血圧・前立腺肥大による 排尿 ...

• Alpha blocker - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Jump to: navigation, search. α-blockers ( alpha-blockers) or α-adrenergic-antagonists are pharmacological agents that act as receptor antagonists of α-adrenergic receptors (α-adrenoceptors). Contents ...

---

★リンクテーブル★

拡張検索	「alpha-blocker」
関連記事	「block」「blocker」「alpha」

「alpha-blocker」

　　[★]

• αアドレナリン受容体遮断薬、α受容体遮断薬、α遮断薬、α拮抗薬、α阻害薬、αブロッカー

関

alpha-adrenergic antagonist、alpha-adrenergic receptor antagonist

「block」

　　[★]

• n.

• 遮断、塊、ブロック

• v.

• 遮断する、ブロックする、封鎖する、阻止する

関

blockade、blockage、deter、inhibit、inhibition、lump、prevent、prevention、repress、repression、seal、turn off

　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　

「blocker」

　　[★]

• n.

• 遮断薬、ブロッカー、遮断剤、阻害薬

関

antagonist、blocking agent、inhibitor

　 　

「alpha」

　　[★]

α、アルファ

関

alfa