関: See Tocopherol

WordNet

first in order of importance; "the alpha male in the group of chimpanzees"; "the alpha star in a constellation is the brightest or main star"
the 1st letter of the Greek alphabet
the beginning of a series or sequence; "the Alpha and Omega, the first and the last, the beginning and the end"--Revelations
early testing stage of a software or hardware product; "alpha version"
any high mountain

PrepTutorEJDIC

アルファ(ギリシア語アルファベットの第1字A,α;英語のA,aに相当) / アルファ星(星座の主星)
高山,高峰

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/12/09 02:43:11」(JST)

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α-Tocopherol is a type of tocopherol or vitamin E. It has E number "E307".

α-Tocopherol is a form of vitamin E that is preferentially absorbed and accumulated in humans.^[2] The measurement of "vitamin E" activity in international units (IU) was based on fertility enhancement by the prevention of spontaneous abortions in pregnant rats relative to alpha-tocopherol.

There are three stereocenters in alpha-tocopherol, so this is a chiral molecule.^[3] The eight stereoisomers of alpha-tocopherol differ in the arrangement of groups around these stereocenters. In the image of RRR-alpha-tocopherol, all three stereocenters are in the R form. However, if the middle of the three stereocenters were changed (so the hydrogen was now pointing down and the methyl group pointing up), this would become the structure of RSR-alpha-tocopherol. RSR-alpha-tocopherol and RRR-alpha-tocopherol are diastereomers of each other. These stereoisomers can also be named in an alternative older nomenclature, where the stereocenters are either in the d or l form.^[4]

1 IU of tocopherol is defined as ⅔ milligrams of RRR-alpha-tocopherol (formerly named d-alpha-tocopherol or sometimes ddd-alpha-tocopherol). 1 IU is also defined as 1 milligram of an equal mix of the eight stereoisomers, which is a racemic mixture called all-rac-alpha-tocopheryl acetate. This mix of stereoisomers is often called dl-alpha-tocopheryl acetate, even though it is more precisely dl,dl,dl-alpha-tocopheryl acetate). However, 1 IU of this racemic mixture is not now considered equivalent to 1 IU of natural (RRR) α-tocopherol, and the Institute of Medicine and the USDA now convert IU's of the racemic mixture to milligrams of equivalent RRR using 1 IU racemic mixture = 0.45 "milligrams α-tocopherol".^[5]

References

^ Merck Index, 11th Edition, 9931.
^ Rigotti A (2007). "Absorption, transport, and tissue delivery of vitamin E". Mol. Aspects Med. 28 (5–6): 423–36. doi:10.1016/j.mam.2007.01.002. PMID 17320165.
^ Jensen SK, Lauridsen C (2007). "Alpha-tocopherol stereoisomers". Vitam. Horm. 76: 281–308. doi:10.1016/S0083-6729(07)76010-7. PMID 17628178.
^ Brigelius-Flohé R, Traber MG (1 July 1999). "Vitamin E: function and metabolism". FASEB J. 13 (10): 1145–55. PMID 10385606.
^ Composition of Foods Raw, Processed, Prepared USDA National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference, Release 20 USDA, February 2008

UpToDate Contents

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English Journal

Concentration and stabilization of C20-22n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid esters from the oil of Sardinella longiceps.

Chakraborty K1, Joseph D2, Joseph D2.
Food chemistry.Food Chem.2016 May 15;199:828-37. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.12.082. Epub 2015 Dec 21.
Methyl esters of C20-22n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids derived from sardine oil triglycerides were concentrated to 86% purity with greater than 30% recovery by argentated chromatography. The synergistic effect of ethyl acetate fractions of seaweeds Kappaphycus alvarezii, Hypnea musciformis and Jania
PMID 26776041

Metal chelation, radical scavenging and inhibition of Aβ42 fibrillation by food constituents in relation to Alzheimer's disease.

Chan S1, Kantham S1, Rao VM1, Palanivelu MK1, Pham HL1, Shaw PN1, McGeary RP2, Ross BP3.
Food chemistry.Food Chem.2016 May 15;199:185-94. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.11.118. Epub 2015 Nov 26.
Various food constituents have been proposed as disease-modifying agents for Alzheimer's disease (AD), due to epidemiological evidence of their beneficial effects, and for their ability to ameliorate factors linked to AD pathogenesis, namely by: chelating iron, copper and zinc; scavenging reactive o
PMID 26775960

The role of ascorbate peroxidase, guaiacol peroxidase, and polysaccharides in cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) roots under postharvest physiological deterioration.

Uarrota VG1, Moresco R2, Schmidt EC3, Bouzon ZL3, da Costa Nunes E4, de Oliveira Neubert E4, Peruch LA4, Rocha M5, Maraschin M2.
Food chemistry.Food Chem.2016 Apr 15;197(Pt A):737-46. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.11.025. Epub 2015 Nov 6.
This study aimed to investigate the role of ascorbate peroxidase (APX), guaiacol peroxidase (GPX), polysaccharides, and protein contents associated with the early events of postharvest physiological deterioration (PPD) in cassava roots. Increases in APX and GPX activity, as well as total protein con
PMID 26617011

Japanese Journal

Is Plasma Alpha-Tocopherol Associated with Electronegative LDL in Obese Adolescents?

DA SILVA Isis Tande,MELLO Ana Paula de Queiroz,SANCHES Leticia Bertoldi [他],ABDALLA Dulcineia Saes Parra,DAMASCENO Nágila Raquel Teixeira
Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology 59(2), 100-107, 2013
… Various studies have shown that plasma α-tocopherol (α-TP) can protect LDL against oxidation. …
NAID 130003368154

Intestinal Permeability, Vitamin A Absorption and Serum Alpha-Tocopherol in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor Patients Treated with Imatinib

Melichar Bohuslav,Kasparova Marketa,Kalabova Hana [他],DVORAK Josef,HYSPLER Radomir,TICHA Alena,KRCMOVA Lenka,PLISEK Jiri,HOLECKOVA Petra,SOLICHOVA Dagmar
Journal of nutritional science and vitaminology 56(6), 347-352, 2010-12-01
… We have measured intestinal permeability (by determining absorption of lactulose, mannitol and xylose), vitamin A absorption and serum alpha-tocopherol in 16 patients with advanced/metastatic GIST treated with imatinib. … Lactulose/mannitol and lactulose/xylose ratios as well as parameters of vitamin A absorption did not change significantly during the treatment, but a significant decrease of alpha-tocopherol was observed. …
NAID 10027415146

Serum Retinol, Alpha-Tocopherol and Systemic Inflammatory Response in Metastatic Colorectal Carcinoma Patients Treated with Combination Chemotherapy and Cetuximab

Melichar Bohuslav,Krcmova Lenka,Kalabova Hana [他],HOLECKOVA Petra,KASPAROVA Marketa,PLISEK Jiri,HYSPLER Radomir,STUDENTOVA Hana,SOLICHOVA Dagmar
Journal of nutritional science and vitaminology 56(4), 222-226, 2010-08-01
… The aim of the present study was to investigate the changes of serum retinol, alpha-tocopherol and C-reactive protein during the first month of treatment with cetuximab and chemotherapy. … Serum retinol and alpha-tocopherol were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography and serum C-reactive protein was determined using commercial kits. …
NAID 10026569838

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リンク元	「αトコフェロール」「α-トコフェロール」
関連記事	「alpha」

「αトコフェロール」

α-Tocopherol
	IUPAC name (2R)-2,5,7,8-Tetramethyl-2-[(4R,8R)-(4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl)]-6-chromanol
Identifiers
CAS number	59-02-9
PubChem	14985
ChemSpider	14265
UNII	N9PR3490H9
EC number	200-412-2
DrugBank	DB00163
ChEBI	CHEBI:18145
ChEMBL	CHEMBL47
ATC code	A11HA03
Jmol-3D images	Image 1; Image 2
	SMILES Oc2c(c(c1O[C@](CCc1c2C)(C)CCC[C@H](C)CCC[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)C)C Cc1c(c2c(c(c1O)C)CC[C@@](O2)(C)CCC[C@H](C)CCC[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)C ;
	InChI InChI=1S/C29H50O2/c1-20(2)12-9-13-21(3)14-10-15-22(4)16-11-18-29(8)19-17-26-25(7)27(30)23(5)24(6)28(26)31-29/h20-22,30H,9-19H2,1-8H3/t21-,22-,29-/m1/s1 ; Key: GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-IEOSBIPESA-N InChI=1/C29H50O2/c1-20(2)12-9-13-21(3)14-10-15-22(4)16-11-18-29(8)19-17-26-25(7)27(30)23(5)24(6)28(26)31-29/h20-22,30H,9-19H2,1-8H3/t21-,22-,29-/m1/s1; Key: GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-IEOSBIPEBS ;
Properties
Molecular formula	C29H50O2
Molar mass	430.71 g/mol
Appearance	yellow-brown viscous liquid
Density	0.950 g/cm3
Melting point	2.5 to 3.5 °C (36.5 to 38.3 °F; 275.6 to 276.6 K)
Boiling point	200 to 220 °C (392 to 428 °F; 473 to 493 K) at 0.1 mmHg
Hazards
NFPA 704	1 1 0
	Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C (77 °F), 100 kPa)
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	Infobox references