WordNet

a blood disorder characterized by a lower concentration of hydrogen ions in the blood (which rises above 7.45 on the pH scale)

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/03/02 04:14:11」(JST)

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Alkalosis is the result of a process reducing hydrogen ion concentration of arterial blood plasma (alkalemia). In contrast to acidemia (serum pH 7.35 or lower), alkalemia occurs when the serum pH is higher than normal (7.45 or higher). Alkalosis is usually divided into the categories of respiratory alkalosis and metabolic alkalosis or a combined alkalosis.^{[medical citation needed]}

Causes

Respiratory alkalosis is caused by hyperventilation,^[1] resulting in a loss of carbon dioxide. Compensatory mechanisms for this would include increased dissociation of the carbonic acid buffering intermediate into hydrogen ions, and the related excretion of bicarbonate,^{[citation needed]} both of which lower blood pH. Hyperventilation-induced alkalosis can be seen in several deadly central nervous system diseases such as strokes or Rett syndrome.^[1]

Metabolic alkalosis can be caused by repeated vomiting,^[1] resulting in a loss of hydrochloric acid with the stomach content. Severe dehydration, and the consumption of alkali are other causes. It can also be caused by administration of diuretics^[1] and endocrine disorders such as Cushing's syndrome. Compensatory mechanism for metabolic alkalosis involve slowed breathing by the lungs to increase serum carbon dioxide,^[1] a condition leaning toward respiratory acidosis. As respiratory acidosis often accompanies the compensation for metabolic alkalosis, and vice versa, a delicate balance is created between these two conditions.

Signs and symptoms

Metabolic alkalosis is usually accompanied with low blood potassium level, causing, e.g., muscular weakness, muscle pain, and muscle cramps (from disturbed function of the skeletal muscles), and muscle spasms (from disturbed function of smooth muscles).

It may also cause low blood calcium levels. As the blood pH increases, blood transport proteins, such as albumin, become more ionized into anions. This causes the free calcium present in blood to bind more strongly with albumin. If severe, it may cause tetany.

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Yee AH, Rabinstein AA (February 2010). "Neurologic presentations of acid-base imbalance, electrolyte abnormalities, and endocrine emergencies". Neurol Clin 28 (1): 1–16. doi:10.1016/j.ncl.2009.09.002. PMID 19932372.

External link

IUPAC, Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 2nd ed. (the "Gold Book") (1997). Online corrected version: (2006–) "alkalosis".

UpToDate Contents

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1. 代謝性アルカローシスの病因 pathogenesis of metabolic alkalosis
2. 単純性および混合性酸塩基障害 simple and mixed acid base disorders
3. 代謝性アシドーシス以外の状況における血清アニオンギャップ serum anion gap in conditions other than metabolic acidosis
4. 小児および思春期におけるサリチル酸中毒 salicylate poisoning in children and adolescents
5. 成人におけるサリチル酸（アスピリン）中毒 salicylate aspirin poisoning in adults

English Journal

Evaporation of free water causes concentrational alkalosis in vitro.

Lindner G1, Doberer D, Schwarz C, Schneeweiss B, Funk GC.
Wiener klinische Wochenschrift.Wien Klin Wochenschr.2014 Apr;126(7-8):201-7. doi: 10.1007/s00508-013-0486-0. Epub 2013 Dec 17.
BACKGROUND: The development of metabolic alkalosis was described recently in patients with hypernatremia. However, the causes for this remain unknown. The current study serves to clarify whether metabolic alkalosis develops in vitro after removal of free water from plasma and whether this can be pre
PMID 24343045

Risk Factors for Pseudoaldosteronism with Rhabdomyolysis Caused by Consumption of Drugs Containing Licorice and Differences Between Incidence of These Conditions in Japan and Other Countries: Case Report and Literature Review.

Yoshino T1, Yanagawa T, Watanabe K.
Journal of alternative and complementary medicine (New York, N.Y.).J Altern Complement Med.2014 Mar 12. [Epub ahead of print]
Abstract Background: The pathogenesis of licorice-induced pseudoaldosteronism is thought to involve the inhibition of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 by glycyrrhetinic acid. Some risk factors have been reported, but differences between Japan and other countries have not been reported. Case
PMID 24620820

Efficacy of oral potassium chloride administration in treating lactating dairy cows with experimentally induced hypokalemia, hypochloremia, and alkalemia.

Constable PD1, Hiew MW2, Tinkler S2, Townsend J2.
Journal of dairy science.J Dairy Sci.2014 Mar;97(3):1413-26. doi: 10.3168/jds.2013-6982. Epub 2013 Dec 28.
Hypokalemia occurs commonly in lactating dairy cows. The objectives of this study were to determine (1) whether a 24-h oral KCl dose of 0.4g/kg of body weight (BW) was effective and safe in hypokalemic cattle; (2) whether potassium was best administered as 2 large doses or multiple smaller doses ove
PMID 24377802

Japanese Journal

体外循環管理時のアルカレミア環境下での「いが状赤血球」形成に関する研究

曽山奉教,吉田秀人,瀧本順三郎,高橋幸博
体外循環技術 41(2), 139-143, 2014
アルカレミア環境下で血液が過度に希釈される状況では、体外循環開始後早期およびmodified ultrafiltration（MUF）施行後の再循環回路内に血液凝集塊の形成をもたらす。我々はトリス塩酸緩衝液を用いて調整した4種類のpH条件（pH7.5、pH8.0、pH8.5、pH9.0）で、倒立型ルーチン顕微鏡を使用し赤血球形態を観察した。更に、pH7.5とpH9.0の条件でトリス塩酸緩衝液下にア …
NAID 130004876280

体外循環時のアルカレミア環境下での血液凝集塊形成に血小板凝集、血栓形成が関与するのか?

曽山奉教,吉田秀人,下村大樹,高橋幸博
体外循環技術 = The journal of extra-corporeal technology 40(1), 1-6, 2013-03-01
NAID 10031164316

糖尿病ケトアシドーシス発症時に代謝性アルカローシス，低K血症，低Mg血症を伴ったMODY 5の症例

伊藤聡,内丸亮子,渡部真実,長倉芳樹,金崎章,岩崎直子,内潟安子,山本俊至,佐藤直之,中山智祥,青木一孝,寺内康夫
糖尿病 56(2), 93-101, 2013
飲水を好み清涼飲料水の多飲が常習化していた若年男性が糖尿病ケトアシドーシス（DKA）として急性発症しながら，代謝性アルカローシスも合併し，結果としてアルカリ血症だった症例を経験した．低血圧で低K血症，低Mg血症があり，尿中Cl再吸収試験にてGitelman又は3型Bartter症候群と同様の尿細管機能異常を認めたが，両者の原因遺伝子に異常を認めなかった．高血糖解除後も内因性インスリン分泌は低下して …
NAID 130004511339

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「アルカリ血症」「アルカレミア」

「アルカリ血症」

Alkalosis
Classification and external resources
Specialty	endocrinology
ICD-10	E87.3
ICD-9-CM	276.3
DiseasesDB	32458
MedlinePlus	001183
MeSH	D000471
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