アルコーリシス、加アルコール分解
Wikipedia preview
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』「2012/12/12 13:27:28」(JST)
[Wiki en表示]
Solvolysis is a special type of nucleophilic substitution (SN1) or elimination where the nucleophile is a solvent molecule. For certain nucleophiles, there are specific terms for the type of solvolysis reaction. For water, the term is hydrolysis; for alcohols, it is alcoholysis; for ammonia, it is ammonolysis; for glycols, glycolysis; for amines, aminolysis.
Contents
- 1 Hydrolysis
- 2 Alcoholysis
- 3 See also
- 4 References
|
Hydrolysis
Main article: hydrolysis
While solvolysis often refers to an organic chemistry context, hydrolysis is very common in inorganic chemistry, where aqua complexes of metal ions react with solvent molecules due to the Lewis acidity of the metal center. For example, aqueous solutions of aluminium chloride are acidic due to the aqua-aluminium complex losing protons to water molecules, giving hydronium ions which lowers the pH.
In organic chemistry, hydrolysis reactions often give two fragments from an initial substrate. For example, the hydrolysis of amides give carboxylic acids and amines; the hydrolysis of esters give alcohols and carboxylic acids.
Alcoholysis
|
This section does not cite any references or sources. (March 2012) |
An example of a solvolysis reaction is the reaction of a triglyceride with a simple alcohol such as methanol or ethanol to give the methyl or ethyl esters of the fatty acid, as well as glycerol. This reaction is more commonly known as a transesterification reaction due to the exchange of the alcohol fragments.
Solvolysis of a chiral reactant results in the racemate (as expected in SN1) but is often accompanied by Walden inversion. This is explained by postulating an intimate ion pair whereby the leaving anion is still in proximity to the carbocation and effectively shielding it from an attack by the nucleophile.
See also
References
- Nic, M.; Jirat, J.; Kosata, B., eds. (2006–). "solvolysis". IUPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology (Online ed.). doi:10.1351/goldbook.S05762. ISBN 0-9678550-9-8. http://goldbook.iupac.org/S05762.html.
UpToDate Contents
全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.
- 1. トロポニン検査:トロポニン測定の基本と結果の解釈troponin testing analytical considerations [show details]
…detailed analytical characteristics of all cTn assays can be found on the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry web page at . The following terms are used in discussions of the analytical aspects …
- 2. 血液透析における水質の維持maintaining water quality for hemodialysis [show details]
…permit concentrations as low as 0.05 and 0.02 mg/L, respectively, to be measured. Further details of analytical methodology can be found in Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater and White …
- 3. 高リン血症の原因および治療の概要overview of the causes and treatment of hyperphosphatemia [show details]
…administration of acetazolamide may be beneficial . Spurious hyperphosphatemia due to interference with analytical methods may rarely occur in patients with hyperglobulinemia (any type of immunoglobulin in excess …
- 4. HIV感染に伴う電解質障害electrolyte disturbances with hiv infection [show details]
…affected patients, the serum sodium concentration will be measured as low by autoanalyzers and other analytical instruments that employ a diluting step, while it will be measured as normal by direct sodium-selective…
- 5. 血中脂質およびリポ蛋白の測定measurement of blood lipids and lipoproteins [show details]
…laboratories that use three different analytical techniques. These laboratory methods include nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, gradient gel electrophoresis, analytical ultracentrifugation, and ion …
English Journal
- Enlarging the substrate portfolio of the thermophilic esterase EST2 from Alicyclobacillus acidocaldarius.
- Pennacchio A1, Mandrich L, Manco G, Trincone A.
- Extremophiles : life under extreme conditions.Extremophiles.2015 Sep;19(5):1001-11. doi: 10.1007/s00792-015-0774-x. Epub 2015 Jul 28.
- The enzymatic regioselective hydrolysis of (a) acetylated mono- to tetrasaccharides of different nature, (b) of acetylated aryl glycosides and (c) of different acetylated nucleosides was studied enlarging the portfolio of substrates that can be employed by the thermophilic esterase EST2 from Alicycl
- PMID 26216109
- The effect of thermodynamic properties of solvent mixtures explains the difference between methanol and ethanol in C.antarctica lipase B catalyzed alcoholysis.
- Sasso F1, Kulschewski T2, Secundo F3, Lotti M1, Pleiss J4.
- Journal of biotechnology.J Biotechnol.2015 Aug 28. pii: S0168-1656(15)30101-2. doi: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2015.08.023. [Epub ahead of print]
- Kinetic modelling, molecular modelling, and experimental determination of the initial rate of lipase - catalyzed alcoholysis were combined to study the effect of the alcohol substrate to catalytic activity. The model system consisted of methanol or ethanol at varying concentrations, vinyl acetate as
- PMID 26325200
- Class IV polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) synthases and PHA-producing Bacillus.
- Tsuge T1, Hyakutake M, Mizuno K.
- Applied microbiology and biotechnology.Appl Microbiol Biotechnol.2015 Aug;99(15):6231-40. doi: 10.1007/s00253-015-6777-9. Epub 2015 Jul 2.
- This review highlights the recent investigations of class IV polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) synthases, the newest classification of PHA synthases. Class IV synthases are prevalent in organisms of the Bacillus genus and are composed of a catalytic subunit PhaC (approximately 40 kDa), which has a PhaC bo
- PMID 26135986
Japanese Journal
- 2P-178 PHA 重合酵素が示すアルコーリシス能に関与するアミノ酸残基の特定(バイオマス,資源,エネルギー工学,一般講演)
- Protection-free Synthesis of Alkyl Glycosides under Hydrogenolytic Conditions
- 29. BC環開環型ストリゴラクトンアナログの合成とAM菌および根寄生雑草に対する活性評価(口頭発表,植物化学調節学会第46回大会)
Related Links
- alcoholysis / ˌæl kəˈhɔ lə sɪs, -ˈhɒl ə-/ Show Spelled [al-k uh-haw-l uh-sis, - hol-uh-] Show IPA noun Chemistry. chemical decomposition resulting from the interaction of a compound and an alcohol. Origin: alcohol + -lysis Related ...
- Join YourDictionary today Create and save customized word lists. Sign up today and start improving your vocabulary! Google Facebook Please set a username for yourself. People will see it as Author Name with your public word lists.
Related Pictures
★リンクテーブル★
[★]
- 英
- alcoholysis
- 関
- アルコーリシス、加アルコール分解
[★]
- 英
- alcoholysis
- 関
- アルコリシス、加アルコール分解
[★]
- 英
- alcoholysis
- 関
- アルコーリシス、アルコリシス