副腎疾患

WordNet

an impairment of health or a condition of abnormal functioning
caused by or altered by or manifesting disease or pathology; "diseased tonsils"; "a morbid growth"; "pathologic tissue"; "pathological bodily processes" (同)morbid, pathologic, pathological
of or pertaining to the adrenal glands or their secretions
near the kidneys
any of various organs that synthesize substances needed by the body and release it through ducts or directly into the bloodstream (同)secretory organ, secretor, secreter

PrepTutorEJDIC

(体の)『病気』,疾患 / (精神・道徳などの)病気,病弊
女性の話術芸人 =diseur
病気にかかった / 病的な,不健全な(morbid)
副腎(じん)の
(生物体内の)腺(せん)

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/03/13 22:05:52」(JST)

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Adrenal gland disorders (or diseases) are conditions that interfere with the normal functioning of the adrenal glands.^[1] Adrenal disorders may cause hyperfunction or hypofunction, and may be congenital or acquired.

The adrenal gland produces hormones that affects growth, development and stress, and also helps to regulate kidney function. There are two parts of the adrenal glands, the adrenal cortex and the adrenal medulla. The adrenal cortex produces mineralocorticoids, which regulate salt and water balance within the body, glucocorticoids (including cortisol) which have a wide number of roles within the body, and [Adrenal_cortex#Androgens|androgens]], hormones with testosterone-like function.^[2] The adrenal medulla produces epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine (noradrenaline).^[2] Disorders of the adrenal gland may affect the production of one or more of these hormones.

§Tumors of the adrenal gland

Adrenal adenoma, a benign tumor of the adrenal gland which may result in overproduction of one or more adrenal hormones, or may be inactive.

Adrenocortical carcinoma, cancer of the adrenal cortex

Adrenal incidentaloma, an adrenal tumor (of any type) discovered accidentally during a scan which performed for an unrelated reason

Pheochromocytoma, a catecholamine-producing tumor of the adrenal medulla, which may or may not be cancerous

§Hereditary disorders associated with adrenal tumors

Von Hippel–Lindau disease, a mutation of the VHL1 tumor-suppression gene associated with many types of tumor, including pheochromocytoma

Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia, a family of syndromes in which genetic abnormalities contribute to the development of endocrine tumors

§Disorders of hormone over/under-production

Addison's disease, also known as primary adrenal insufficiency, a disease in which the adrenal glands do not produce sufficient glucocorticoids (sometimes also mineralocorticoids) for a reason directly related to the adrenal gland itself, such as auto-immune damage to the adrenal gland or adrenal gland atrophy due to medication use

Adrenal crisis, a life-threatening medical emergency resulting from insufficient levels of cortisol

Adrenal insufficiency, a condition in which the adrenal glands do not produce sufficient glucocorticoids (or sometimes mineralocorticoids. This is often due to another adrenal disorder, such as Addison's Disease or Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia, however it may also result from a problem elsewhere in the body (such as the hypothalamus or pituitary gland) that leads to abnormalities in the production of hormones regulating adrenal function

Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia, a hereditary disorder in which one of the enzymes involved in cortisol synthesis does not function properly. This disorder is also often associated with an over-production of androgen hormones.

Cushing's disease, a disorder in which cortisol levels are abnormally high

Hyperaldosteronism (including Conn's syndrome), a condition in which aldosterone is over-produced

Hypoaldosteronism, a condition in which aldosterone is under-produced

§Notable people with adrenal gland disorders

John F. Kennedy, the 35th president of the United States was diagnosed with Addison’s Disease. ^[3]

Some have suggested Jane Austen was an avant la lettre case of Addison's Disease, but others have disputed this.^[4]

Scientist Eugene Merle Shoemaker, co-discoverer of the Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 had Addison's Disease.^[5]

§Notes

^ "Overview of the Adrenal Glands: Adrenal Gland Disorders: Merck Manual Home Health Handbook". Retrieved 2009-03-28.
^ ^a ^b Adrenal Glands, Johns Hopkins Medicine Health Library.
^ Mandel, Lee R. (September 2009). "Endocrine and Autoimmune Aspects of the Health History of John F. Kennedy". Annals of Internal Medicine 151 (5): 350–354. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-151-5-200909010-00011.
^ Upfal, Annette (2005). "Jane Austen's lifelong health problems and final illness: New evidence points to a fatal Hodgkin's disease and excludes the widely accepted Addison's". Medical Humanities (BMJ Publishing Group) 31 (1): 3–11. doi:10.1136/jmh.2004.000193.
^ Marsden, Brian (1997-07-18). "Eugene Shoemaker (1928-1997)". Comet Shoemaker-Levy Collision with Jupiter. Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Archived from the original on 11 July 2007. Retrieved 2007-07-25.

UpToDate Contents

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1. 小児における原発性副腎不全の原因および臨床症状 causes and clinical manifestations of primary adrenal insufficiency in children
2. 原発性副腎不全（アジソン病）の原因 causes of primary adrenal insufficiency addisons disease
3. 副腎の外科解剖学 surgical anatomy of the adrenal glands
4. 6ヶ月以上の乳幼児、小児、および思春期における体重減少の評価 evaluation of weight loss in infants over six months of age children and adolescents
5. 成人における副腎不全の治療 treatment of adrenal insufficiency in adults

English Journal

Distribution of metastatic sites in patients with prostate cancer: A population-based analysis.

Gandaglia G, Abdollah F, Schiffmann J, Trudeau V, Shariat SF, Kim SP, Perrotte P, Montorsi F, Briganti A, Trinh QD, Karakiewicz PI, Sun M.Author information Cancer Prognostics and Health Outcomes Unit, University of Montreal Health Center, Montreal, Canada; Department of Urology, Urological Research Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.AbstractBACKGROUND: There is few data on what constitutes the distribution of metastatic sites in prostate cancer (PCa). The aim of our study was to systematically describe the most common sites of metastases in a contemporary cohort of PCa patients.
The Prostate.Prostate.2014 Feb;74(2):210-6. doi: 10.1002/pros.22742. Epub 2013 Oct 16.
BACKGROUND: There is few data on what constitutes the distribution of metastatic sites in prostate cancer (PCa). The aim of our study was to systematically describe the most common sites of metastases in a contemporary cohort of PCa patients.METHODS: Patients with metastatic PCa were abstracted from
PMID 24132735

The prevalence of incidentally detected adrenal enlargement on CT.

Tang YZ1, Bharwani N2, Micco M2, Akker S3, Rockall AG2, Sahdev A2.Author information 1Barts and the London NHS Trust, Radiology Department St Bartholomew's Hospital, West Smithfield, London, UK. Electronic address: yenzhitang@doctors.net.uk.2Barts and the London NHS Trust, Radiology Department St Bartholomew's Hospital, West Smithfield, London, UK.3Barts and the London NHS Trust, Endocrine Department St Bartholomew's Hospital, West Smithfield, London, UK.AbstractAIM: To assess the prevalence and the department's detection rate of adrenocortical hyperplasia.
Clinical radiology.Clin Radiol.2014 Jan;69(1):e37-42. doi: 10.1016/j.crad.2013.08.017. Epub 2013 Oct 22.
AIM: To assess the prevalence and the department's detection rate of adrenocortical hyperplasia.MATERIALS AND METHODS: All computed tomography (CT) examinations of the adrenal glands between February and April 2011 were reviewed. The study excluded patients with known underlying cancer, abdominal tr
PMID 24161458

Neurologic complications of disorders of the adrenal glands.

Bertorini TE1, Perez A2.Author information 1Department of Neurology, Methodist University Hospital and Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA. Electronic address: tbertorini@aol.com.2Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA.AbstractDisorders of the adrenal glands frequently have secondary neurological manifestations, while some diseases that involve the central nervous system are accompanied by adrenal gland dysfunction. Excessive corticosteroid secretions in primary or secondary Cushing's syndrome causes muscle weakness and behavioral disturbances, such as emotional lability and sometimes depression, while adrenal insufficiency may cause fatigue, weakness, and depression. Adrenoleukodystrophy and adrenoneuromyelopathy are X-linked recessive disorders of the metabolism of very long chain fatty acids that manifest with white matter abnormalities of the brain, myelopathy and/or neuropathy, as well as adrenal insufficiency. Other disorders of the adrenal glands include hyperaldosteroidism, which may cause weakness from hypokalemia. Dysfunction of the adrenal medulla causes excessive or deficient secretion of catecholamines, primarily causing cardiovascular symptoms. This chapter reviews the clinical manifestations and diagnostic aspects and treatment of the various disorders of the adrenal glands. Some of the congenital adrenal diseases are also discussed.
Handbook of clinical neurology.Handb Clin Neurol.2014;120:749-71. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-7020-4087-0.00050-4.
Disorders of the adrenal glands frequently have secondary neurological manifestations, while some diseases that involve the central nervous system are accompanied by adrenal gland dysfunction. Excessive corticosteroid secretions in primary or secondary Cushing's syndrome causes muscle weakness and b
PMID 24365350