WordNet

any of a large group of nitrogenous organic compounds that are essential constituents of living cells; consist of polymers of amino acids; essential in the diet of animals for growth and for repair of tissues; can be obtained from meat and eggs and milk and legumes; "a diet high in protein"
any of a group of viruses including those that in humans cause upper respiratory infections or infectious pinkeye
the 5th letter of the Roman alphabet (同)e

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1. アデノウイルス感染の診断、治療、および予防diagnosis treatment and prevention of adenovirus infection [show details]
…specific diagnosis of adenovirus infection Viral culture, adenovirus-specific viral antigen assays, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays are used most frequently. All adenovirus serotypes except types …
2. アデノウイルス感染症の発症機序、疫学、臨床症状pathogenesis epidemiology and clinical manifestations of adenovirus infection [show details]
…demonstrated in adenoviruses. Several proteins expressed early in the adenovirus replicative cycle may modulate the host immune response. Adenoviruses express early regulatory proteins under the control of the early …
3. ウイルス性関節炎の原因ウイルスviruses that cause arthritis [show details]
… The erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) are occasionally elevated,… Only a small number of cases of adenovirus-associated arthritis have been reported .…
4. 心筋炎の病因および発症機序etiology and pathogenesis of myocarditis [show details]
… of intracellular proteins. Intracellular antigens may be recognized as foreign due to molecular mimicry between enteroviral proteins and cardiac proteins or because they… The coxsackie-adenovirus receptor (CAR) is a common receptor for coxsackievirus type B and for adenovirus subgroups A,…
5. 具合の悪そうな乳児（生後90日未満）へのアプローチapproach to the ill appearing infant younger than 90 days of age [show details]
… Myocarditis in children is usually caused by enteroviruses (coxsackie B group) or adenovirus.… is triggered by circumstances such as intake of protein or certain carbohydrates or infection such as amino acid disorders,… Administration of prostaglandin E1 (alprostadil) can reopen the DA and stabilize these…

English Journal

Wnt16 is involved in intramembranous ossification and suppresses osteoblast differentiation through the Wnt/β-catenin pathway.

Jiang Z, Von den Hoff JW, Torensma R, Meng L, Bian Z.Author information The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P.R. China.AbstractIn the course of embryonic development skeletal elements form either through intramembranous or endochondral ossification. Wnt proteins play diverse roles during vertebrate skeletal development. Wnt16 is a key factor in developing long bones, but its exact role in craniofacial bone formation remains unclear. This study was initially undertaken to investigate the expression of Wnt16 during craniofacial bone development in mouse embryos. Wnt16 expression in the osteoid of calvaria, maxilla, and mandible started later than that of ALP and osteocalcin (OCN), but before mineralization of the craniofacial bones, suggesting that Wnt16 is involved in intramembranous ossification in the head. To confirm this, MC3T3-E1 cells were transfected with an adenovirus containing Wnt16 (Ad-Wnt16). Ad-Wnt16 cells showed decreased ALP activity and less mineralized nodule formations compared with control cells. In addition, the mRNA levels of osteogenic markers were reduced. Moreover, Wnt16 activated β-catenin signaling in MC3T3-E1 cells at both transcription and protein levels as shown by a TOPflash luciferase reporter gene assay and western blot analysis. On the other hand, Wnt/β-catenin pathway blockade by Dickkopf 1 abrogated the suppression of mineralization by Wnt16. Our findings suggest that Wnt16 is involved in intramembranous ossification and suppresses osteoblast differentiation through the Wnt/β-catenin pathway.
Journal of cellular physiology.J Cell Physiol.2014 Mar;229(3):384-92. doi: 10.1002/jcp.24460.
In the course of embryonic development skeletal elements form either through intramembranous or endochondral ossification. Wnt proteins play diverse roles during vertebrate skeletal development. Wnt16 is a key factor in developing long bones, but its exact role in craniofacial bone formation remains
PMID 24037946

Scalable production of adenovirus vectors.

Silva AC, Fernandes P, Sousa MF, Alves PM.Author information Animal Cell Technology Unit, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB-UNL), Oeiras, Portugal.AbstractRecombinant adenoviruses (AdV) are highly efficient at gene transfer for a broad spectrum of cell types and species. They became one of the vectors of choice for gene delivery and expression of foreign proteins in gene therapy and vaccination purposes. To meet the need of significant amounts of adenoviral vectors for preclinical and possibly clinical uses, scalable and reproducible production processes are required.In this chapter, we review processes used for scalable production of two types of first generation (E1-deleted) adenoviral vectors (Human and Canine) using stirred tank bioreactors. The production of adenovirus vectors using either suspension (HEK 293) or anchorage-dependent cells (MDCK-E1) are described to exemplify scalable production processes with different cell-culture types. The downstream processes will be covered in the next chapter.
Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.).Methods Mol Biol.2014;1089:175-96. doi: 10.1007/978-1-62703-679-5_13.
Recombinant adenoviruses (AdV) are highly efficient at gene transfer for a broad spectrum of cell types and species. They became one of the vectors of choice for gene delivery and expression of foreign proteins in gene therapy and vaccination purposes. To meet the need of significant amounts of aden
PMID 24132486

Adenovirus-mediated siRNA targeting TNF-α and overexpression of bone morphogenetic protein-2 promotes early osteoblast differentiation on a cell model of Ti particle-induced inflammatory response in vitro.

Guo HH, Yu CC, Sun SX, Ma XJ, Yang XC, Sun KN, Jin QH.Author information Affiliated Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Yinchuan, China.AbstractWear particles are phagocytosed by macrophages and other inflammatory cells, resulting in cellular activation and release of proinflammatory factors, which cause periprosthetic osteolysis and subsequent aseptic loosening, the most common causes of total joint arthroplasty failure. During this pathological process, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) plays an important role in wear-particle-induced osteolysis. In this study, recombination adenovirus (Ad) vectors carrying both target genes [TNF-α small interfering RNA (TNF-α-siRNA) and bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2)] were synthesized and transfected into RAW264.7 macrophages and pro-osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells, respectively. The target gene BMP-2, expressed on pro-osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells and silenced by the TNF-α gene on cells, was treated with titanium (Ti) particles that were assessed by real-time PCR and Western blot. We showed that recombinant adenovirus (Ad-siTNFα-BMP-2) can induce osteoblast differentiation when treated with conditioned medium (CM) containing RAW264.7 macrophages challenged with a combination of Ti particles and Ad-siTNFα-BMP-2 (Ti-ad CM) assessed by alkaline phosphatase activity. The receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand was downregulated in pro-osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells treated with Ti-ad CM in comparison with conditioned medium of RAW264.7 macrophages challenged with Ti particles (Ti CM). We suggest that Ad-siTNFα-BMP-2 induced osteoblast differentiation and inhibited osteoclastogenesis on a cell model of a Ti particle-induced inflammatory response, which may provide a novel approach for the treatment of periprosthetic osteolysis.
Brazilian journal of medical and biological research = Revista brasileira de pesquisas médicas e biológicas / Sociedade Brasileira de Biofísica ... [et al.].Braz J Med Biol Res.2013 Oct;46(10):831-8. doi: 10.1590/1414-431X20133092. Epub 2013 Oct 12.
Wear particles are phagocytosed by macrophages and other inflammatory cells, resulting in cellular activation and release of proinflammatory factors, which cause periprosthetic osteolysis and subsequent aseptic loosening, the most common causes of total joint arthroplasty failure. During this pathol
PMID 24141610