WordNet

make ones way by force; "He muscled his way into the office"
animal tissue consisting predominantly of contractile cells (同)muscular_tissue
one of the contractile organs of the body (同)musculus
authority or power or force (especially when used in a coercive way); "the senators used their muscle to get the party leader to resign"
a compound formed by an addition reaction
draw a limb towards the body; "adduct the thigh muscle"
a muscle that draws a body part toward the median line (同)adductor_muscle

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〈U〉(動物体の組織としての)『筋肉』,筋(きん);〈C〉(体の各部を動かす)筋肉 / 〈U〉力,(特に)筋力,腕力 / 《俗に》(…に)強引に割り込む《+『in on』(『into, through』)+『名』》
筋肉の,筋力のある / 力ずくの

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/08/28 07:44:17」(JST)

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In human anatomy, the adductor pollicis muscle is a muscle in the hand that functions to adduct the thumb. It has two heads: transverse and oblique.

It is a fleshy, flat, triangular, and fan-shaped muscle deep in the thenar compartment beneath the long flexor tendons and the lumbrical muscles at the center of the palm. It overlies the metacarpal bones and the interosseous muscles. ^[1]

Structure

Oblique head

The oblique head (Latin: adductor obliquus pollicis) arises by several slips from the capitate bone, the bases of the second and third metacarpals, the intercarpal ligaments, and the sheath of the tendon of the flexor carpi radialis. ^[2]

From this origin the greater number of fibers pass obliquely downward and converge to a tendon, which, uniting with the tendons of the medial portion of the flexor pollicis brevis and the transverse head of the adductor pollicis, is inserted into the ulnar side of the base of the proximal phalanx of the thumb, a sesamoid bone being present in the tendon. ^[2]

A considerable fasciculus, however, passes more obliquely beneath the tendon of the flexor pollicis longus to join the lateral portion of the flexor pollicis brevis and the abductor pollicis brevis. ^[2]

Transverse head

The transverse head (Latin: adductor transversus pollicis) is deeply seated. ^[2]

It is triangular, arising by a broad base from the lower two-thirds of the palmar surface of the third metacarpal bone; the fibers converge, to be inserted with the medial part of the flexor pollicis brevis and the oblique head into the ulnar side of the base of the proximal phalanx of the thumb. ^[2]

Relations

The radial artery passes between the two heads, travelling from the back of the hand into the palm, where it forms the deep palmar arch.

Innervation

The adductor pollicis is innervated by the deep branch of the ulnar nerve (C8–T1).^[3]

Between the oblique and transverse heads is a thin fibrous arcade which the nerve passes as it traverses the palm laterally. The nerve is accompanied by the deep palmar arch. ^[1]

Function

While adduction of the thumb (bringing it back into the plane of the palm of the hand from its previously abducted position) is mainly produced by the adductor pollicis, it can also bring the thumb to the side of the palm and index finger and the flexor pollicis brevis and the opponens pollicis help in thumb adduction.^[3]

Clinical significance

Froment's sign is used to test for a compromised adductor pollicis muscle.

Other animals

The adductor pollicis evolved from the contrahens I muscle as man's ancestors' thumbs and big toes became opposable. It might also contain an element of the thumb's interosseous muscle. ^[4]

In the Pan-Homo LCA the oblique head of the adductor pollicis probably had a relatively small physiological cross sectional area (PCSA) and both heads probably acted as extensors and adductors at the carpometacarpal joint. In humans the PCSA of the oblique head is relatively enlarged and both heads act as flexors at this joint. ^[5]

Additional images

The muscles of the thumb. (Adductor pollicis transversus is red band at bottom, and adductor pollicis obliquus is red band immediately above it.)
Adductor pollicis muscle
Transverse section across the wrist and digits.
The muscles of the left hand. Palmar surface.
The radial and ulnar arteries.
Superficial palmar nerves.
Deep palmar nerves.
Front of the left forearm. Deep muscles. (Adductor pollicis visible at bottom center.)
Adductor pollicis muscle
Adductor pollicis muscle
Adductor pollicis muscle
Adductor pollicis muscle
Adductor pollicis muscle

References

This article incorporates text in the public domain from the 20th edition of Gray's Anatomy (1918)

^ ^a ^b Chang & Blair 1985
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Gray's Anatomy 1918. (See infobox)
^ ^a ^b Platzer 2004, p. 176
^ Yamamoto, Murakami & Ohtsuka 1988
^ Tocheri et al. 2008, p. 549

Chang, Laurette; Blair, William F. (1985). "The origin and innervation of the adductor pollicis muscle". J Anat. 140 (3): 381–388. PMC 1165104. PMID 4066477.

Platzer, Werner (2004). Color Atlas of Human Anatomy, Vol. 1: Locomotor System (5th ed.). Thieme. ISBN 3-13-533305-1.

Tocheri, Matthew W.; Orr, Caley M.; Jacofsky, Marc C.; Marzke, Mary W. (2008). "The evolutionary history of the hominin hand since the last common ancestor of Pan and Homo". J. Anat. 212: 544–562. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7580.2008.00865.x. PMC 2409097. PMID 18380869.

Yamamoto, C; Murakami, T; Ohtsuka, A (1988). "Homology of the adductor pollicis and contrahentes muscles: a study of monkey hands". Acta Med Okayama. Department of Anatomy, Okayama University Medical School, Japan. National Center for Biotechnology Information. 42 (4): 215–26. PMID 3177007.

UpToDate Contents

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1. 内転筋および腱の損傷 adductor muscle and tendon injury
2. 筋力低下の評価における筋力検査 muscle examination in the evaluation of weakness
3. 筋力低下患者へのアプローチ approach to the patient with muscle weakness
4. 慢性閉塞性肺疾患（COPD）における呼吸筋のトレーニングおよび安静 respiratory muscle training and resting in copd
5. アキレス腱に至らない脹脛部の傷害 calf injuries not involving the achilles tendon

English Journal

Differentiating c8-t1 radiculopathy from ulnar neuropathy: a survey of 24 spine surgeons.

Stoker GE, Kim HJ, Riew KD.Author information Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Cervical Spine Service, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States.AbstractStudy Design Questionnaire. Objective To evaluate the ability of spine surgeons to distinguish C8-T1 radiculopathies from ulnar neuropathy. Methods Twenty-four self-rated "experienced" cervical spine surgeons completed a questionnaire with the following items. (1) If the ulnar nerve is cut at the elbow, which of the following would be numb: ulnar forearm, small and ring fingers; only the ulnar forearm; only the small and ring fingers; or none of the above? (2) Which of the following muscles are weak with C8-T1 radiculopathies but intact with ulnar neuropathy at the elbow: flexor digiti minimi brevis, flexor pollicis brevis, abductor digiti minimi, abductor pollicis brevis, adductor pollicis, opponens digiti minimi, opponens pollicis, medial lumbricals, lateral lumbricals, dorsal interossei, palmar interossei? Results Fifteen of 24 surgeons (63%) correctly answered the first question-that severing the ulnar nerve results in numbness of the fifth and fourth fingers. None correctly identified all four nonulnar, C8-T1-innervated options in the second question without naming additional muscles. Conclusion The ulnar nerve provides sensation to the fourth and fifth fingers and medial border of the hand. The medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve provides sensation to the medial forearm. The ulnar nerve innervates all intrinsic hand muscles, except the abductor and flexor pollicis brevis, opponens pollicis, and lateral two lumbricals, which are innervated by C8 and T1 via the median nerve. By examining these five muscles, one can clinically differentiate cubital tunnel syndrome from C8-T1 radiculopathies. Although all participants considered themselves to be experienced cervical spine surgeons, this study reveals inadequate knowledge regarding the clinical manifestations of C8-T1 radiculopathies and cubital tunnel syndrome.
Global spine journal.Global Spine J.2014 Feb;4(1):1-6. doi: 10.1055/s-0033-1354254. Epub 2013 Aug 28.
Study Design Questionnaire. Objective To evaluate the ability of spine surgeons to distinguish C8-T1 radiculopathies from ulnar neuropathy. Methods Twenty-four self-rated "experienced" cervical spine surgeons completed a questionnaire with the following items. (1) If the ulnar nerve is cut at
PMID 24494175

Effect of conditioning contraction intensity on postactivation potentiation is muscle dependent.

Fukutani A1, Hirata K2, Miyamoto N3, Kanehisa H3, Yanai T4, Kawakami Y4.Author information 1Research Organization of Science and Technology, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Noji-higashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, 5-3-1 Kojimachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-8472, Japan. Electronic address: atsukifukutani@gmail.com.2Graduate School of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, 2-579-15 Mikajima, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-1192, Japan.3National Institute of Fitness and Sports in Kanoya, 1 Shiromizu, Kanoya, Kagoshima 891-2393, Japan.4Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, 2-579-15 Mikajima, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-1192, Japan.AbstractWe aimed to examine whether the influence of conditioning contraction intensity on the extent of postactivation potentiation (PAP) is muscle dependent. Eleven healthy males performed both thumb adduction and plantar flexion as a conditioning contraction. The conditioning contraction intensities were set at 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, or 100% of the maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVC). Before and after the conditioning contraction, twitch torque was measured for the respective joint to calculate the extent of PAP. In plantar flexion, the extent of PAP became significantly larger as the conditioning contraction intensity increased up to 80% MVC (p<0.05). In contrast, the extent of PAP in thumb adduction increased significantly only up to 60% MVC (p<0.05), but not at higher intensities. These results indicate that the influence of the conditioning contraction intensity on the extent of PAP is muscle dependent. Our results suggest that a conditioning contraction with submaximal intensity can sufficiently evoke sizable PAP in the muscle where most of muscle fibers are recruited at submaximal intensities, thereby attenuating muscle fatigue induced by the conditioning contraction.
Journal of electromyography and kinesiology : official journal of the International Society of Electrophysiological Kinesiology.J Electromyogr Kinesiol.2014 Jan 17. pii: S1050-6411(14)00023-6. doi: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2014.01.002. [Epub ahead of print]
We aimed to examine whether the influence of conditioning contraction intensity on the extent of postactivation potentiation (PAP) is muscle dependent. Eleven healthy males performed both thumb adduction and plantar flexion as a conditioning contraction. The conditioning contraction intensities were
PMID 24485557

Fatigue-related firing of distal muscle nociceptors reduces voluntary activation of proximal muscles of the same limb.

Kennedy DS, McNeil CJ, Gandevia SC, Taylor JL.Author information 1Neuroscience Research Australia.AbstractWith fatiguing exercise, firing of group III/IV muscle afferents reduces voluntary activation and force of the exercised muscles. These afferents can also act across agonist/antagonist pairs, reducing voluntary activation and force in non-fatigued muscles. We hypothesized that maintained firing of group III/IV muscle afferents after a fatiguing adductor pollicis (AP) contraction would decrease voluntary activation and force of AP and ipsilateral elbow flexors. In two experiments (n=10), we examined voluntary activation of AP and elbow flexors by measuring changes in superimposed twitches evoked by ulnar nerve stimulation and transcranial magnetic stimulation of the motor cortex, respectively. Inflation of a sphygmomanometer cuff after a 2-min AP maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) blocked circulation of the hand for 2 min and maintained firing of group III/IV muscle afferents. After a 2-min AP MVC, maximal AP voluntary activation was lower with than without ischemia (56.2±17.7% versus 76.3±14.6%; mean±SD; P<0.05) as was force (40.3±12.8% versus 57.1±13.8% peak MVC; P<0.05). Likewise, after a 2-min AP MVC, elbow flexion voluntary activation was lower with than without ischemia (88.3±7.5% versus 93.6±3.9%; P<0.05) as was torque (80.2±4.6% versus 86.6±1.0% peak MVC; P<0.05). Pain during ischemia was reported as Moderate to Very Strong. Post-fatigue firing of group III/IV muscle afferents from the hand decreased voluntary drive and force of AP. Moreover, this effect decreased voluntary drive and torque of proximal, unfatigued muscles, the elbow flexors. Fatigue-sensitive group III/IV muscle nociceptors act to limit voluntary drive not only to fatigued muscles, but also to unfatigued muscles within the same limb.
Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985).J Appl Physiol (1985).2013 Dec 19. [Epub ahead of print]
With fatiguing exercise, firing of group III/IV muscle afferents reduces voluntary activation and force of the exercised muscles. These afferents can also act across agonist/antagonist pairs, reducing voluntary activation and force in non-fatigued muscles. We hypothesized that maintained firing of g
PMID 24356522

Japanese Journal

スガマデクス投与後ロクロニウムの再クラーレ化が疑われた1症例

日本臨床麻酔学会誌 36(1), 1-6, 2016
NAID 130005125770

筋弛緩モニタリングの機器，モニタリング部位，モニタリングの実際

日本臨床麻酔学会誌 36(1), 63-71, 2016
NAID 130005125756

病的肥満を伴う脊髄性筋萎縮症Ⅲ型妊婦におけるロクロニウムとスガマデクスの使用経験

日本臨床麻酔学会誌 35(3), 311-314, 2015
NAID 130005094076

「母指内転筋」

Adductor pollicis muscle
	The superficial muscles of the left hand. Palmar view; Adductor pollicis is labelled at bottom right.
Details
Origin	Transverse head: anterior body of the third metacarpal; Oblique head: bases of the second and the third metacarpals and the adjacent trapezoid and capitate bones
Insertion	medial side of the base of the proximal phalanx of the thumb and the ulnar sesamoid
Artery	deep palmar arch
Nerve	deep branch of the ulnar nerve (T1)
Actions	adducts the thumb at the carpometacarpal joint
Antagonist	Abductor pollicis longus muscle, Abductor pollicis brevis muscle
Identifiers
Latin	Musculus adductor pollicis
Dorlands; /Elsevier	m_22/12548366
TA	A04.6.02.059
FMA	37380
	Anatomical terms of muscle [edit on Wikidata]