WordNet

make fit for, or change to suit a new purpose; "Adapt our native cuisine to the available food resources of the new country" (同)accommodate
any of a large group of nitrogenous organic compounds that are essential constituents of living cells; consist of polymers of amino acids; essential in the diet of animals for growth and for repair of tissues; can be obtained from meat and eggs and milk and legumes; "a diet high in protein"

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/06/18 17:24:46」(JST)

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Src-associated adaptor protein Skap2 with 1u5e code

Signal transducing adaptor proteins are proteins that are accessory to main proteins in a signal transduction pathway. Adaptor proteins contain a variety of protein-binding modules that link protein-binding partners together and facilitate the creation of larger signaling complexes. These proteins tend to lack any intrinsic enzymatic activity themselves^[1] but instead mediate specific protein–protein interactions that drive the formation of protein complexes. Examples of adaptor proteins include MyD88, Grb2 and SHC1.

Signaling components

Much of the specificity of signal transduction depends on the recruitment of several signalling components such as protein kinases and G-protein GTPases into short lived active complexes in response to an activating signal such as a growth factor binding to its receptor.

Domains

Adaptor proteins usually contain several domains within their structure (e.g., Src homology 2 (SH2) and SH3 domains) that allow specific interactions with several other specific proteins. SH2 domains recognise specific amino acid sequences within proteins containing phosphotyrosine residues and SH3 domains recognise proline-rich sequences within specific peptide sequence contexts of proteins.

There are many other types of interaction domains found within adaptor and other signalling proteins that allow a rich diversity of specific and coordinated protein–protein interactions to occur within the cell during signal transduction.

Genes

Genes encoding adaptor proteins include:

BCAR3 – Breast cancer anti-estrogen resistance protein 3
GRAP – GRB2-related adaptor protein
GRAP2 – GRB2-related adaptor protein 2
LDLRAP1 – low-density lipoprotein receptor adaptor protein 1
NCK1 – NCK adaptor protein 1
NCK2 – NCK adaptor protein 2
NOS1AP – nitric oxide synthase 1 (neuronal) adaptor protein
PIK3AP1 – phosphoinositide-3-kinase adaptor protein 1
SH2B1 – SH2B adaptor protein 1
SH2B2 – SH2B adaptor protein 2
SH2B3 – SH2B adaptor protein 3
SH2D3A -SH2 domain containing 3A
SH2D3C – SH2 domain containing 3C
SHB – Src homology 2 domain containing adaptor protein B
SLC4A1AP – solute carrier family 4 (anion exchanger), member 1, adaptor protein
GAB2 – GRB2-associated binding protein 2

References

^ Signal Transducing Adaptor Proteins at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)

UpToDate Contents

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English Journal

Yersinia pestis TIR-domain protein forms dimers that interact with the human adaptor protein MyD88.

Rana RR, Simpson P, Zhang M, Jennions M, Ukegbu C, Spear AM, Alguel Y, Matthews SJ, Atkins HS, Byrne B.SourceDivision of Molecular Biosciences, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
Microbial pathogenesis.Microb Pathog.2011 Sep;51(3):89-95. Epub 2011 May 27.
Recent research has highlighted the presence of Toll/Interleukin 1 receptor (TIR)-domain proteins (Tdps) in a range of bacteria, suggested to form interactions with the human adaptor protein MyD88 and inhibit intracellular signaling from Toll-like receptors (TLRs). A Tdp has been identified in Yersi
PMID 21640812

Co-expression of serotonin 5-HT(1B) and 5-HT(4) receptors in p11 containing cells in cerebral cortex, hippocampus, caudate-putamen and cerebellum.

Egeland M, Warner-Schmidt J, Greengard P, Svenningsson P.SourceCenter for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institute, 17176, Stockholm, Sweden.
Neuropharmacology.Neuropharmacology.2011 Sep;61(3):442-50. Epub 2011 Feb 12.
p11 is an adaptor protein which binds to serotonin 5-HT(1B) receptors and 5-HT(4) receptors and regulates their localization at the cell surface. In the present study, we examined to what extent p11 containing neurons co-expressed 5-HT(1B)R and/or 5-HT(4)R in cerebral cortex, hippocampus, cerebellum
PMID 21300076

Japanese Journal

Strain-to-strain difference of V protein of measles virus affects MDA5-mediated IFN-β-inducing potential

Takaki Hiromi,Watanabe Yumi,Shingai Masashi,Oshiumi Hiroyuki,Matsumoto Misako,Seya Tsukasa
Molecular Immunology 48(4), 497-504, 2011-01
… The overexpression of the wild-type V protein suppressed melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5)-induced IFN-β promoter activity, while this was not seen in A549 cells expressing CD150 transfected with the V protein of the vaccine strain. … The V proteins of the wild-type and vaccine strain did not affect retinoic acid-inducible gene 1 (RIG-I)- or toll-IL-1R homology domain-containing adaptor molecule 1 (TICAM-1)-induced IFN-β promoter activation. …
NAID 120002834741

インフラマソームとその関連疾患の最近の知見

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日本臨床免疫学会会誌 34(1), 20-28, 2011
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NAID 130000673831

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リンク元	「アダプター蛋白」「アダプター蛋白質」「アダプタータンパク」「アダプタータンパク質」
拡張検索	「Grb10 adaptor protein」「adaptor protein 2」「adaptor protein complex 3」
関連記事	「adapt」「adaptor」