acute kidney tubular necrosis

急性腎尿細管壊死

関

acute tubular necrosis

WordNet

1. of critical importance and consequence; "an acute (or critical) lack of research funds"
2. having or demonstrating ability to recognize or draw fine distinctions; "an acute observer of politics and politicians"; "incisive comments"; "icy knifelike reasoning"; "as sharp and incisive as the stroke of a fang"; "penetrating insight"; "frequent penetrative observations" (同)discriminating, incisive, keen, knifelike, penetrating, penetrative, piercing, sharp
3. extremely sharp or intense; "acute pain"; "felt acute annoyance"; "intense itching and burning" (同)intense
4. having or experiencing a rapid onset and short but severe course; "acute appendicitis"; "the acute phase of the illness"; "acute patients"
5. of an angle; less than 90 degrees
6. constituting a tube; having hollow tubes (as for the passage of fluids) (同)cannular, tubelike, tube-shaped, vasiform
7. either of two bean-shaped excretory organs that filter wastes (especially urea) from the blood and excrete them and water in urine; "urine passes out of the kidney through ureters to the bladder"
8. the localized death of living cells (as from infection or the interruption of blood supply) (同)mortification, gangrene, sphacelus

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. (先の)『鋭い』,とがった / (痛み・感情などが)『激しい』,強い / (知力・感覚などが)『鋭い』,鋭敏な / (事態が)重大な / (病気が)急性の / (音が)高い,鋭い / 鋭角の
2. 管状の,管から成る
3. 腎臓;(食品としての)羊(豚など)の腎臓 / 《文》気質,性質,たち(nature)
4. 壊疽(えそ)

UpToDate Contents

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• 1. 急性腎障害（急性腎不全）における腎前性疾患および急性尿細管壊死の病因および診断 etiology and diagnosis of prerenal disease and acute tubular necrosis in acute kidney injury acute renal failure
• 2. 急性尿細管壊死後の腎臓および患者の転帰 renal and patient outcomes after acute tubular necrosis
• 3. 挫滅関連の急性腎障害（急性腎不全） crush related acute kidney injury acute renal failure
• 4. 虚血後（虚血性）の急性尿細管壊死において考え得る予防および治療 possible prevention and therapy of postischemic ischemic acute tubular necrosis
• 5. アミノグリコシドによる腎毒性の症状および危険因子 manifestations of and risk factors for aminoglycoside nephrotoxicity

English Journal

• C-reactive protein promotes acute kidney injury by impairing G1/S-dependent tubular epithelium cell regeneration.

• Tang Y, Huang XR, Lv J1, Chung AC, Zhang Y2, Chen JZ1, Szalai AJ3, Xu A1, Lan HY.Author information 1*Department of Nephrology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.2†Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.3§Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, U.S.A.AbstractCRP (C-reactive protein) is regarded as an inflammatory biomarker in AKI (acute kidney injury), but its exact role in AKI remains unclear. Thus we sought to investigate the role of CRP in AKI. Clinically, elevated serum CRP levels were found to associate closely with increased serum creatinine and urea levels (P<0.01) in patients with AKI, which then fell after recovery from AKI. To determine the role of CRP in AKI, an ischaemia/reperfusion mouse model of AKI was developed using Tg (transgenic) mice that express human CRP. Compared with the WT (wild-type) mice, CRP Tg mice developed more severe renal injury at 24 h after ischaemia as determined by significantly increased serum creatinine and tubular necrosis. This was associated with an impaired TEC (tubular epithelium cell) regeneration as shown by an over 60% reduction in PCNA+ (proliferating-cell nuclear antigen) and BrdU+ (bromodeoxyuridine) TECs in CRP Tg mice with AKI. In vitro, the addition of CRP to a human TEC line (HK-2) also largely suppressed the proliferation of TECs. The functional role of CRP in AKI was demonstrated further by the blocking of CRP binding to the FcγRII (Fcγ receptor II) with a neutralizing anti-CD32 antibody, which restored TEC proliferation and prevented AKI in CRP Tg mice. Moreover, we found that impaired G1/S transition by suppression of the phosphorylation of CDK2 (cyclin-dependent kinase 2) and expression of cyclin E may be a key mechanism by which CRP inhibits TEC regeneration during the AKI repair process. In conclusion, CRP plays a pathogenic role in AKI by inhibiting G1/S-dependent TEC regeneration. The results of the present study suggest that targeting CRP signalling may offer a new therapeutic potential for AKI.
• Clinical science (London, England : 1979).Clin Sci (Lond).2014 May;126(9):645-59. doi: 10.1042/CS20130471.
• CRP (C-reactive protein) is regarded as an inflammatory biomarker in AKI (acute kidney injury), but its exact role in AKI remains unclear. Thus we sought to investigate the role of CRP in AKI. Clinically, elevated serum CRP levels were found to associate closely with increased serum creatinine and u
• PMID 24206243

• A 13-week repeated dose study of three 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol fatty acid esters in F344 rats.

• Onami S1, Cho YM, Toyoda T, Mizuta Y, Yoshida M, Nishikawa A, Ogawa K.Author information 1Pathology, National Institute of Health Sciences, 1-18-1, Kamiyoga, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 158-8501, Japan.Abstract3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol (3-MCPD), a rat renal and testicular carcinogen, has been reported to occur in various foods and food ingredients as free or esterified forms. Since reports about toxicity of 3-MCPD esters are limited, we conducted a 13-week rat subchronic toxicity study of 3-MCPD esters (palmitate diester: CDP, palmitate monoester: CMP, oleate diester: CDO). We administered a carcinogenic dose (3.6 × 10(-4) mol/kg B.W./day) of 3-MCPD or these esters at equimolar concentrations and two 1/4 lower doses by gavage with olive oil as a vehicle five times a week for 13 weeks to F344 male and female rats. As a result, five out of ten 3-MCPD-treated females died from acute renal tubular necrosis, but none of the ester-treated rats. Decreased HGB was observed in all high-dose 3-MCPD fatty acid ester-treated rats, except CDO-treated males. The absolute and relative kidney weights were significantly increased in the ester-treated rats at medium and high doses. Relative liver weights were significantly increased in the esters-treated rat at high dose, except for CMP females. Significant increase in apoptotic epithelial cells in the initial segment of the epididymis of high-dose ester-treated males was also observed. The results suggested that although acute renal toxicity was lower than 3-MCPD, these three 3-MCPD fatty acid esters have the potential to exert subchronic toxicity to the rat kidneys and epididymis, to a similar degree as 3-MCPD under the present conditions. NOAELs (no-observed-adverse-effect levels) of CDP, CMP and CDO were suggested to be 14, 8 and 15 mg/kg B.W./day, respectively.
• Archives of toxicology.Arch Toxicol.2014 Apr;88(4):871-80. doi: 10.1007/s00204-013-1190-6. Epub 2014 Jan 4.
• 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol (3-MCPD), a rat renal and testicular carcinogen, has been reported to occur in various foods and food ingredients as free or esterified forms. Since reports about toxicity of 3-MCPD esters are limited, we conducted a 13-week rat subchronic toxicity study of 3-MCPD esters
• PMID 24390090

• Application of emerging biomarkers of acute kidney injury in development of kidney-sparing polypeptide-based antibiotics.

• Burt D1, Crowell SJ, Ackley DC, Magee TV, Aubrecht J.Author information 1Drug Safety Research and Development and.AbstractAbstract Polypeptide antibiotics, such as polymyxins and aminoglycosides, are essential for treatment of life-threatening Gram-negative infections. Acute kidney injury (AKI) attributed to treatment with these agents severely limits their clinical application. Because standard biomarkers (serum creatinine [sCRE] and blood urea nitrogen [BUN]) feature limited sensitivity, the development of novel biomarkers of AKI is important. Here, we compared the performance of standard and emerging biomarkers of AKI for the detection of nephrotoxicity caused by polymyxin B across multiple species (rat, dog and monkey). Further, we applied a biomarker-driven strategy for selection of new kidney-sparing polymyxin analogs. Polymyxin B treatment produced dose-dependent kidney injury observed as proximal tubular degeneration/regeneration and necrosis across all species. Dogs and monkeys had similar biomarker profiles that included increases of both standard (sCRE and BUN) and emerging (urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated Lipocalin [NGAL] and urinary kidney injury molecule 1 [KIM-1]) biomarkers of AKI. In contrast, only urinary NGAL and urinary KIM-1 were sufficiently capable of detecting kidney injury in rats. Because rats provide a feasible model for screening compounds in drug development, we utilized urinary NGAL as a sensitive biomarker of AKI to screen and rank order compounds in a 2-day toxicity study. To our knowledge, this study provides a first example of successfully applying biomarkers of AKI in drug development.
• Drug and chemical toxicology.Drug Chem Toxicol.2014 Apr;37(2):204-12. doi: 10.3109/01480545.2013.834360. Epub 2013 Oct 16.
• Abstract Polypeptide antibiotics, such as polymyxins and aminoglycosides, are essential for treatment of life-threatening Gram-negative infections. Acute kidney injury (AKI) attributed to treatment with these agents severely limits their clinical application. Because standard biomarkers (serum creat
• PMID 24128070

Japanese Journal

• Successful Recovery from an Acute Kidney Injury due to Amniotic Fluid Embolism

• , , , , , , , ,
• Internal Medicine 54(1), 49-54, 2015
• … Although the hemorrhage was eventually controlled, hepatic and renal dysfunction occurred, leading to acute kidney injury (AKI). …
• NAID 130004902983

• Isoflurane Preconditioning Ameliorates Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury through Antiinflammatory and Antiapoptotic Actions in Rats

• , , , , , , ,
• Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 37(10), 1599-1605, 2014
• … Renal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is a major cause of acute kidney injury via inflammation and cell apoptosis. … Volatile anesthetics have been shown to exert organ-protective effects against kidney damage in vivo and in vitro. … Rats preconditioned with 1.5% isoflurane for 2 h had better renal function and less tubular apoptosis 24 h after I/R injury than control rats. …
• NAID 130004677548

• A novel biomarker for acute kidney injury using TaqMan-based unmethylated DNA-specific polymerase chain reaction

• , , , ,
• Biomedical Research 35(3), 207-213, 2014
• … We developed a novel TaqMan-based assay for the detection of acute kidney injury using a hypomethylated promoter region of Slc22a12, a urate transporter specifically expressed in proximal tubular cells. … Bisulfite sequencing analysis confirmed that the CpG islands in the promoter region of mouse Slc22a12 were preferentially hypomethylated in the kidney cortex. …
• NAID 130004470869

Related Links

• Acute tubular necrosis: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia

Acute tubular necrosis is a kidney disorder involving damage to the tubule cells of the kidneys, which can lead to acute kidney ... Acute tubular necrosis (ATN) is usually caused by lack of oxygen to the kidney tissues (ischemia of the kidneys).

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「急性尿細管壊死」
関連記事	「acute」「tubular」「kidney」

「急性尿細管壊死」

　　[★]

英

acute tubular necrosis ATN

同

急性腎尿細管壊死 acute kidney tubular necrosis

関

真性無尿

[show details]

急性腎尿細管壊死 : 78 件
急性尿細管壊死 : 約 8,180 件

see also BPT.565

概念

• 臨床病理的な病態概念であり、臨床的には腎機能低下、病理的には尿細管上皮細胞の障害により形態学的に特徴づけられる。(BPT.564)
• 急性尿細管壊死は急性腎不全の最も一般的な原因である。(BPT.564)

• ちなみに急性腎不全をきたす他の疾患には以下のような者がある。

1. 高度の糸球体病変(RPGNなど)

2. びまん性の腎血管疾患(顕微鏡的多発血管炎、血栓性微小血管症)

3. 急性腎盂腎炎に関連した急性乳頭壊死

4. 急性薬物誘発性間質性腎炎

5. びまん性皮質壊死

病因

大きく虚血(ischemic ATN)と毒物(nephrotoxic ATN)に分けられる。

症候

• 急性腎不全の症状：乏尿、尿毒症、

「acute」

　　[★]

• adj.

• (疾患)急性の、急性型の、急性的な。(形状が)鋭い、鋭角の。(感覚、才知などが)鋭い。明敏な、鋭い眼識のある。

関

acutely、quick、sharp

　 　 　 　 　 　

「tubular」

　　[★]

• adj.

• 尿細管の、細尿管の、管状の

関

canalicular、kidney tubule、renal tubular、renal tubule、tracheary、tubule、uriniferous tubule

　 　

「kidney」

　　[★] 腎臓

同

KUB