activated partial thromboplastin time

活性化部分トロンボプラスチン時間 APTT aPTT

WordNet

1. set the speed, duration, or execution of; "we time the process to manufacture our cars very precisely"
2. a period of time considered as a resource under your control and sufficient to accomplish something; "take time to smell the roses"; "I didnt have time to finish"; "it took more than half my time"
3. a suitable moment; "it is time to go"
4. adjust so that a force is applied and an action occurs at the desired time; "The good player times his swing so as to hit the ball squarely"
5. an indefinite period (usually marked by specific attributes or activities); "he waited a long time"; "the time of year for planting"; "he was a great actor in his time"
6. regulate or set the time of; "time the clock"
7. the continuum of experience in which events pass from the future through the present to the past
8. an instance or single occasion for some event; "this time he succeeded"; "he called four times"; "he could do ten at a clip" (同)clip
9. a persons experience on a particular occasion; "he had a time holding back the tears"; "they had a good time together"
10. assign a time for an activity or event; "The candidate carefully timed his appearance at the disaster scene"
11. aerate (sewage) so as to favor the growth of organisms that decompose organic matter (同)aerate
12. make (substances) radioactive
13. make active or more active; "activate an old file"
14. make more adsorptive; "activate a metal"
15. showing favoritism
16. being or affecting only a part; not total; "a partial description of the suspect"; "partial collapse"; "a partial eclipse"; "a partial monopoly"; "partial immunity"
17. rendered active; e.g. rendered radioactive or luminescent or photosensitive or conductive
18. (of e.g. a molecule) made reactive or more reactive (同)excited
19. (military) set up and placed on active assignment; "a newly activated unit"
20. (of sewage) treated with aeration and bacteria to aid decomposition
21. shrub with terminal tufts of elongated leaves used locally for thatching and clothing; thick sweet roots are used as food; tropical southeastern Asia, Australia and Hawaii (同)Cordyline terminalis
22. the syllable naming the seventh (subtonic) note of any musical scale in solmization (同)te, si

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. 〈U〉《冠詞をつけずに》(空間に対しての)『時間』,時 / 〈U〉(時計で示される)『時刻』 / 〈U〉(ある方式で決められる)『時間』,標準時 / 〈C〉〈U〉(特定の)『時』,おり,ころ / 〈U〉《しばしば A ~》(ある長さの)『時間』,期間 / 〈U〉(要する)『時間』;暇 / 《しばしば複数形で》(歴史上の)『時代』 / 《複数形で》時勢,景気 / 《one's ~》(個人の)一生;若いころ;生涯の特定の時期 / 〈U〉《しばしば A ~》(ある経験をした)『時間』 / 〈C〉『…回』,度 / 〈C〉『…倍』 / …の時間を定める / (…に)…の調子を合わせる《+名+to+名》 / …の時間を計る
2. …'を'活動的にする / …‘に'放射能を与える / 〈物質〉'を'活性化する
3. (また『part』)『一部分の』,部分的な;不完全な / 不公平な,偏った / 《補語にのみ用いて》(…が)特に好きで《+『to』+『名』》
4. シ(全音階の第7音)

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/02/12 06:52:18」(JST)

wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

"KccT" redirects here. For the radio station, see KCCT.

Partial thromboplastin time
Intervention
Common notation of coagulation times in medical records
MeSH	D010314

The partial thromboplastin time (PTT) or activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT or APTT) is a medical test that characterizes blood coagulation. Apart from detecting abnormalities in blood clotting, it is also used to monitor the treatment effects with heparin, a major anticoagulant. PTT is a performance indicator of the efficacy of both the "intrinsic" (now referred to as the contact activation pathway) and the common coagulation pathways. It is used in conjunction with the prothrombin time (PT) which measures the extrinsic pathway. Kaolin cephalin clotting time (KccT) is a historic name for the activated partial thromboplastin time.

Methodology

Blue Top Vacutainer tube used for PT and PTT blood tests

Prothrombin time is typically analyzed by a medical technologist or a laboratory technician on an automated instrument at 37 °C (as a nominal approximation of normal human body temperature). The test is termed "partial" due to the absence of tissue factor from the reaction mixture.

• Blood is drawn into a test tube containing oxalate or citrate, molecules which act as an anticoagulant by binding the calcium in a sample. The blood is mixed, then centrifuged to separate blood cells from plasma (as Partial thromboplastin time is most commonly measured using blood plasma).

• A sample of the plasma is extracted from the test tube and placed into a measuring test tube.

• Next, an excess of calcium (in a phospholipid suspension) is mixed into the plasma sample (to reverse the anticoagulant effect of the oxalate enabling the blood to clot again).

• Finally, in order to activate the intrinsic pathway of coagulation, an activator (such as silica, celite, kaolin, ellagic acid) is added, and the time the sample takes to clot is measured optically. Some laboratories use a mechanical measurement, which eliminates interferences from lipemic and icteric samples.

Interpretation

The typical reference range is between 30 seconds and 50 s (depending on laboratory). Shortening of the PTT is considered to have little clinical relevance, but some research indicates that it might increase risk of thromboembolism. Normal PTT times require the presence of the following coagulation factors: I, II, V, VIII, IX, X, XI, & XII. Notably, deficiencies in factors VII or XIII will not be detected with the PTT test. Prolonged APTT may indicate:

• use of heparin (or contamination of the sample)
• antiphospholipid antibody (especially lupus anticoagulant, which paradoxically increases propensity to thrombosis)
• coagulation factor deficiency (e.g. hemophilia)
• Sepsis - coagulation factor consumption
• Presence of antibodies against coagulation factors (factor inhibitors)

To distinguish the above causes, mixing tests are performed, in which the patient's plasma is mixed (initially at a 50:50 dilution) with normal plasma. If the abnormality does not disappear, the sample is said to contain an "inhibitor" (either heparin, antiphospholipid antibodies or coagulation factor specific inhibitors), while if it does disappear a factor deficiency is more likely. Deficiencies of factors VIII, IX, XI and XII and rarely von Willebrand factor (if causing a low factor VIII level) may lead to a prolonged aPTT correcting on mixing studies.

Laboratory findings in various platelet and coagulation disorders (V - T)

Condition	Prothrombin time	Partial thromboplastin time	Bleeding time	Platelet count
Vitamin K deficiency or warfarin	Prolonged	Normal or mildly prolonged	Unaffected	Unaffected
Disseminated intravascular coagulation	Prolonged	Prolonged	Prolonged	Decreased
Von Willebrand disease	Unaffected	Prolonged or unaffected	Prolonged	Unaffected
Hemophilia	Unaffected	Prolonged	Unaffected	Unaffected
Aspirin	Unaffected	Unaffected	Prolonged	Unaffected
Thrombocytopenia	Unaffected	Unaffected	Prolonged	Decreased
Liver failure, early	Prolonged	Unaffected	Unaffected	Unaffected
Liver failure, end-stage	Prolonged	Prolonged	Prolonged	Decreased
Uremia	Unaffected	Unaffected	Prolonged	Unaffected
Congenital afibrinogenemia	Prolonged	Prolonged	Prolonged	Unaffected
Factor V deficiency	Prolonged	Prolonged	Unaffected	Unaffected
Factor X deficiency as seen in amyloid purpura	Prolonged	Prolonged	Unaffected	Unaffected
Glanzmann's thrombasthenia	Unaffected	Unaffected	Prolonged	Unaffected
Bernard-Soulier syndrome	Unaffected	Unaffected	Prolonged	Decreased or unaffected
Factor XII deficiency	Unaffected	Prolonged	Unaffected	Unaffected
C1INH deficiency	Unaffected	Shortened	Unaffected	Unaffected

History

The aPTT was first described in 1953 by researchers at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill explaining the Carolina blue Vacutainer tube top color.

References

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

• 1. 凝固検査の臨床使用clinical use of coagulation tests [show details]
  …of the coagulation system are available, including the prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), and others; these may be ordered in a variety of clinical settings. This topic …
• 2. 出血性疾患の疑いのある成人患者へのアプローチapproach to the adult with a suspected bleeding disorder [show details]
  …the PT out of proportion to the aPTT. In these cases, the thrombin time (TT) may also be prolonged. Prolongation of the activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) with a normal prothrombin time (PT) …
• 3. 出血症状を有する小児に対するアプローチapproach to the child with bleeding symptoms [show details]
  …peripheral blood smear; Prothrombin time/international normalized ratio (PT/INR) Activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) At the author center, we also routinely measure the fibrinogen activity level; …
• 4. 成人における確定診断を得られていない低血圧やショックの評価および初期アプローチevaluation of and initial approach to the adult patient with undifferentiated hypotension and shock [show details]
  …– Elevations in the prothrombin time or international normalized ratio as well as activated partial thromboplastin time may suggest a cause for underlying hemorrhagic shock but are also frequently elevated …
• 5. ヘパリンおよびLMWヘパリン：用量および副作用heparin and lmw heparin dosing and adverse effects [show details]
  …needed (eg, for surgical procedures or bleeding) Ability to monitor using the activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) or anti-factor Xa activity, which are widely available; Lack of substantial renal …

English Journal

• Comparing coagulation activity of Selaginella tamariscina before and after stir-frying process and determining the possible active constituents based on compositional variation.

• Zhang Q1, Wang YL1, Gao D2, Cai L1, Yang YY1, Hu YJ3, Yang FQ1, Chen H1, Xia ZN1.
• Pharmaceutical biology.Pharm Biol.2018 Dec;56(1):67-75. doi: 10.1080/13880209.2017.1421673.
• PMID 29295657

• QCM-D surpassing clinical standard for the dose administration of new oral anticoagulant in the patient of coagulation disorders.

• Hussain M1, Wendel HP2, Schmidt K3, Langer E4, Körber MK3, Faul O5, Northoff H5, von Heymann C6, Gehring FK5.
• Biosensors & bioelectronics.Biosens Bioelectron.2018 May 1;104:15-20. doi: 10.1016/j.bios.2017.12.043. Epub 2017 Dec 27.
• PMID 29294406

• Normal aPTT in children with mild factor XI deficiency.

• Puetz J1, Hugge C1, Moser K2.
• Pediatric blood & cancer.Pediatr Blood Cancer.2018 Apr;65(4). doi: 10.1002/pbc.26910. Epub 2017 Dec 12.
• PMID 29230938

Japanese Journal

• アルガトロバンを抗凝固薬として用いたPCPSの一例

• 田辺 貴幸,吉田 譲,小塚 アユ子,横山 慎二,大塚 隆浩,小川 真児,古賀 悠介,関口 敦
• 体外循環技術 = The journal of extra-corporeal technology 38(2), 191-194, 2011-06-01
• NAID 10029405211

• Chronic Subdural Hematoma in a Patient With Congenital Afibrinogenemia Successfully Treated With Fibrinogen Replacement : —Case Report—

• SAKAI Naoto,AKAMINE Soichi,TOKUYAMA Tsutomu,SUGIYAMA Kenji,KANAYAMA Naohiro,NAMBA Hiroki
• Neurologia medico-chirurgica 51(11), 780-783, 2011
• … Laboratory studies showed prolongation of prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, and undetectably low level of fibrinogen. …
• NAID 130001458073

Related Links

• Activated partial thromboplastin time | definition of activated ...

time [tīm] a measure of duration. See under adjectives for specific times, such as bleeding time. activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT, aPTT) the period required for clot formation in recalcified blood plasma after contact ...

• Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time April, 2005

Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time 1 Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time Synonyms aPTT, APTT. Feature Test Description Patient Preparation Specimen The aPTT is functional determination of the intrinsic pathway of ...

Related Pictures

---

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「活性化部分トロンボプラスチン時間」「APTT」
拡張検索	「activated partial thromboplastin time assay」
関連記事	「time」「partial」「activated」「activate」「timing」

「活性化部分トロンボプラスチン時間」

　　[★]

英

activated partial thromboplastin time, aPTT, APTT

同

部分トロンボプラスチン時間

関

血液凝固因子、プロトロンビン時間 PT、部分トロンボプラスチン時間 PTT

「APTT」

　　[★] 活性化部分トロンボプラスチン時間 activated partial thromboplastin time

「activated partial thromboplastin time assay」

　　[★] 活性化部分トロンボプラスチン時間 aPTT

「time」

　　[★]

• n

• 時間, 時, 時期, 期間, ～倍の

most of the time 大抵の場合は

• in time

関

duration、fold、hour、hr、long-term effect、moment、period、phase、stage、term

　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　

「partial」

　　[★]

• adj.

• 部分的な、部分の

関

division、in part、moiety、part、partially、partly、piece、portion、region

　 　 　

「activated」

　　[★]

• adj.

• 活性化の、活性化型の、賦活化の

関

activate、activated form、activation、turn on

　 　 　 　

「activate」

　　[★]

• v.

• 活性化する、賦活化する、賦活する

関

activated、activation、turn on

　 　 　 　 　

「timing」

　　[★]

• n.

• タイミング