WordNet

limit, block, or decrease the action or function of; "inhibit the action of the enzyme"; "inhibit the rate of a chemical reaction"
control and refrain from showing; of emotions, desires, impulses, or behavior (同)bottle up, suppress
limit the range or extent of; "Contact between the young was inhibited by strict social customs"
a substance that retards or stops an activity

PrepTutorEJDIC

〈感情・欲望・行動・作用など〉‘を'抑制する / (…しないように)〈人〉‘を'抑制する,妨げる《+『名』+『from』+『名』(do『ing』)》
抑制する人(物) / 化学反応抑制剤

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/11/28 22:57:12」(JST)

wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

Acetylcholine

Acetylcholinesterase

Acetylcholinesterase inhibition

An acetylcholinesterase inhibitor (often abbreviated AChEI) or anti-cholinesterase is a chemical or a drug that inhibits the acetylcholinesterase enzyme from breaking down acetylcholine, thereby increasing both the level and duration of action of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors are classified as reversible, irreversible, or quasi-irreversible (also called pseudo-irreversible).

Uses

Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors:^[1]

Occur naturally as venoms and poisons
Are used as weapons in the form of nerve agents
Are used as insecticides
Are used medicinally:
- To treat myasthenia gravis. In myasthenia gravis, they are used to increase neuromuscular transmission.
- To treat glaucoma
- To treat postural tachycardia syndrome
- As an antidote to anticholinergic poisoning
- To reverse the effect of non-depolarising muscle relaxants
- To treat neuropsychiatric symptoms of diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, particularly apathy
- To increase chances of lucid dreaming (by prolonging REM sleep)^[2]
- To treat Alzheimer's disease, Lewy Body Dementia and Parkinson's disease. In these neurodegenerative conditions AChEIs are primarily used to treat the cognitive (memory and learning deficits mostly) symptoms of dementia. These symptoms are attenuated due to the role of acetylcholine in cognition in the CNS. There is some evidence to suggest that AChEIs may attenuate psychotic symptoms (especially visual hallucinations) in Parkinson's disease.^[3]
- To treat cognitive impairments in patients with schizophrenia. There is some evidence to suggest efficacy in treating positive, negative and affective symptoms.^[4]^[5]^[6]
- As a treatment for autism and to increase the percentage of Rapid eye movement sleep in autistic children, in line with the mechanism by which they encourage lucid dreaming.^[7]^[8]

Side effects

Potential side effects of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors^[9]^[10]
mild – usually goes away	potentially serious
Diarrhea Headache Insomnia Nausea Vomiting	Abdominal pain Lack of appetite Yellowed skin Dizziness Slow heartbeat Sudden or substantial weight loss Weakness

Some major effects of cholinesterase inhibitors:

Actions on the parasympathetic nervous system, (the parasympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system) may cause bradycardia, hypotension, hypersecretion, bronchoconstriction, GI tract hypermotility, and decrease intraocular pressure.
SLUDGE syndrome.
Actions on the neuromuscular junction will result in prolonged muscle contraction.

Administration of reversible cholinoesterase inhibitors is contraindicated with those that have urinary retention due to obstruction.

Titration phase

When used in the central nervous system to alleviate neurological symptoms, such as rivastigmine in Alzheimer's disease, all cholinesterase inhibitors require doses to be increased gradually over several weeks, and this is usually referred to as the titration phase. Many other types drug treatments may require a titration or stepping up phase. This strategy is used to build tolerance to adverse events or to reach a desired clinical effect.^[11] This also prevents accidental overdose and is therefore recommended when initiating treatment with drugs that are extremely potent and/or toxic (drugs with a low therapeutic index).

Examples

Reversible inhibitor

Compounds which function as reversible competitive or noncompetitive inhibitors of cholinesterase are those most likely to have therapeutic uses. These include:

Some organophosphates not listed under "Irreversible" below
Carbamates
- Physostigmine
- Neostigmine
- Pyridostigmine
- Ambenonium
- Demecarium
- Rivastigmine
Phenanthrene derivatives
- Galantamine
Caffeine – noncompetitive (also an Adenosine receptor antagonist)^[12]
Rosmarinic acid - ester of Caffeic acid. Found in plants species of Lamiaceae family.^[13]
Alpha-Pinene - noncompetitive reversible ^[14]^[15]
Piperidines
- Donepezil
Tacrine, also known as tetrahydroaminoacridine (THA')
Edrophonium
Huperzine A^[16]^[17]
Ladostigil
Ungeremine^[18]
Lactucopicrin

Comparison table

Comparison of reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitors
Inhibitor	Duration	Main site of action	Clinical use	Adverse effects
Edrophonium	short (10 min.)^[19]	neuromuscular junction^[19]	diagnosis of myasthenia gravis^[19]
Neostigmine	medium (1–2 hrs.)^[19]	neuromuscular junction^[19]	Reverse neuromuscular block (intravenously)^[19] Treat myasthenia gravis (orally)^[19]	visceral^[19]
Physostigmine	medium (0.5-5 hrs.)^[19]	postganglionic parasympathetic^[19]	treat glaucoma (eye drops)^[19]
Pyridostigmine	medium (2–3 hrs.)^[19]	neuromuscular junction^[19]	Treat myasthenia gravis (orally)^[19]
Dyflos	long^[19]	postganglionic parasympathetic^[19]	historically to treat glaucoma (eye drops)^[19]	toxic^[19]
Echothiophate (irreversible)	long^[19]	postganglionic parasympathetic^[19]	treat glaucoma (eye drops)^[19]	systemic effects^[19]
Parathion (irreversible)	long^[19]	none^[19]	toxic^[19]

Quasi-irreversible inhibitor

Compounds which function as quasi-irreversible inhibitors of cholinesterase are those most likely to have use as chemical weapons or pesticides. These include:

Organophosphates
- Echothiophate
- Diisopropyl fluorophosphate
- Cadusafos
- Chlorpyrifos
- Cyclosarin
- Dichlorvos
- Dimethoate
- Metrifonate (irreversible)
- Sarin
- Soman
- Tabun
- VX
- VE
- VG
- VM
- Diazinon
- Malathion
- Parathion

Carbamates
- Aldicarb
- Bendiocarb
- Bufencarb
- Carbaryl
- Carbendazim
- Carbetamide
- Carbofuran
- Carbosulfan
- Chlorbufam
- Chloropropham
- Ethiofencarb
- Formetanate
- Methiocarb
- Methomyl
- Oxamyl
- Phenmedipham
- Pinmicarb
- Pirimicarb
- Propamocarb
- Propham
- Propoxur

Onchidal
Coumarins

References

^ Colovic, MB; Krstic, Danijela Z.; Lazarevic-Pasti, Tamara D.; Bondzic, Aleksandra M.; Vasic, Vesna M. (2013). "Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors: Pharmacology and Toxicology". Current Neuropharmacology. 11 (3): 315–335. doi:10.2174/1570159X11311030006. PMC 3648782. PMID 24179466.
^ Yuschak, Thomas (2006). Advanced Lucid Dreaming: The Power of Supplements. Lulu. ISBN 1430305428.
^ Taylor, D; Paton, C; Shitij, K (2012). Maudsley Prescribing Guidelines in Psychiatry (11th ed.). West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell. ISBN 978-0-47-097948-8.
^ Singh, J; Kour, K; Jayaram, MB (January 2012). "Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors for schizophrenia". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 1: CD007967. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD007967.pub2. PMID 22258978. Lay summary.
^ Choi, KH; Wykes, T; Kurtz, MM (September 2013). "Adjunctive pharmacotherapy for cognitive deficits in schizophrenia: meta-analytical investigation of efficacy". The British Journal of Psychiatry. 203 (3): 172–178. doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.111.107359. PMID 23999481.
^ Ribeiz, SR; Bassitt, DP; Arrais, JA; Avila, R; Steffens, DC; Bottino, CM (April 2010). "Cholinesterase Inhibitors as Adjunctive Therapy in Patients with Schizophrenia and Schizoaffective Disorder A Review and Meta-Analysis of the Literature". CNS Drugs. 24 (4): 303–317. doi:10.2165/11530260-000000000-00000. PMID 20297855.
^ Buckley, A. W.; Sassower, K.; Rodriguez, A. J.; Jennison, K.; Wingert, K.; Buckley, J.; Thurm, A.; Sato, S.; Swedo, S. (2011). "An Open Label Trial of Donepezil for Enhancement of Rapid Eye Movement Sleep in Young Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders". Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology. 21 (4): 353–357. doi:10.1089/cap.2010.0121. PMC 3157749. PMID 21851192.
^ Handen, B. L.; Johnson, C. R.; McAuliffe-Bellin, S.; Murray, P. J.; Hardan, A. Y. (2011). "Safety and Efficacy of Donepezil in Children and Adolescents with Autism: Neuropsychological Measures". Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology. 21 (1): 43–50. doi:10.1089/cap.2010.0024. PMC 3037196. PMID 21309696.
^ Consumer Reports; Drug Effectiveness Review Project (May 2012). "Evaluating Prescription Drugs Used to Treat: Alzheimer's Disease Comparing Effectiveness, Safety, and Price" (PDF). Best Buy Drugs. Consumer Reports: 2. Retrieved 1 May 2013. , which claims Alzheimer's Association guidance as a source
^ Inglis, F. (2002). "The tolerability and safety of cholinesterase inhibitors in the treatment of dementia". International journal of clinical practice. Supplement (127): 45–63. PMID 12139367.
^ Inglis, F (2002). "The tolerability and safety of cholinesterase inhibitors in the treatment of dementia". International journal of clinical practice. Supplement (127): 45–63. PMID 12139367.
^ Karadsheh, N; Kussie, P; Linthicum, DS (1991). "Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase by caffeine, anabasine, methyl pyrrolidine and their derivatives". Toxicology letters. 55 (3): 335–42. doi:10.1016/0378-4274(91)90015-X. PMID 2003276.
^ Vladimir-Knežević, Sanda; Blažeković, Biljana; Kindl, Marija; Vladić, Jelena; Lower-Nedza, Agnieszka D.; Brantner, Adelheid H. (2014-01-09). "Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitory, Antioxidant and Phytochemical Properties of Selected Medicinal Plants of the Lamiaceae Family". Molecules. 19 (1): 767–782. doi:10.3390/molecules19010767.
^ Miyazawa, Mitsuo; Yamafuji, Chikako (2005-03-09). "Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase activity by bicyclic monoterpenoids". Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 53 (5): 1765–1768. doi:10.1021/jf040019b. ISSN 0021-8561. PMID 15740071.
^ Perry, Nicolette S. L.; Houghton, Peter J.; Theobald, Anthony; Jenner, Peter; Perry, Elaine K. (2000-07-01). "In-vitro Inhibition of Human Erythrocyte Acetylcholinesterase by Salvia lavandulaefolia Essential Oil and Constituent Terpenes". Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology. 52 (7): 895–902. doi:10.1211/0022357001774598. ISSN 2042-7158. PMID 10933142.
^ Bauer, Brent A. Alzheimer's disease. mayoclinic.com
^ Wang, BS; Wang, H; Wei, ZH; Song, YY; Zhang, L; Chen, HZ (2009). "Efficacy and safety of natural acetylcholinesterase inhibitor huperzine A in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease: an updated meta-analysis". Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996). 116 (4): 457–65. doi:10.1007/s00702-009-0189-x. PMID 19221692.
^ Rhee IK, I; Appels N; Hofte B; Karabatak B; Erkelens C; Stark LM; Flippin LA; Verpoorte R (November 2004). "Isolation of the Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor Ungeremine from Nerine bowdenii by Preparative HPLC Coupled On-Line to a Flow Assay System". Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin. 27 (11): 1804–1809. doi:10.1248/bpb.27.1804. PMID 15516727. ^{[permanent dead link]}
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y Rang, H. P. (2003). Pharmacology. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone. ISBN 0-443-07145-4. Page 156

External links

Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
Acetylcholinesterase: A gorge-ous enzyme QUite Interesting PDB Structure article at PDBe

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

1. 脳血管性認知症の治療および予防treatment and prevention of vascular dementia [show details]
…is helpful . In patients who can afford it, an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor is often used in combination with memantine. These agents putatively inhibit excitotoxicity and protect against neurologic …
2. 軽度認知機能障害：予後および治療mild cognitive impairment prognosis and treatment [show details]
…galantamine, and rivastigmine in the treatment of MCI have not provided support for the use of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors in preventing progression of MCI to dementia . Systematic reviews and meta-analyses of …
3. 重症筋無力症の治療の概要overview of the treatment of myasthenia gravis [show details]
…elsewhere. The initial therapy for most patients with mild to moderate MG is an oral acetylcholinesterase inhibitor (ie, anticholinesterase), usually pyridostigmine . Neostigmine is available in an oral …
4. 神経筋接合部に作用する毒素の概要overview of neuromuscular junction toxins [show details]
…active site of the acetylcholinesterase enzyme is extremely stable, and these compounds are referred to as irreversible inhibitors. The carbamates interact with acetylcholinesterase in a fashion similar …
5. 新生児や乳児の神経筋接合部障害neuromuscular junction disorders in newborns and infants [show details]
…of an acetylcholinesterase inhibiting agent. A positive response is reduction of the fifth action potential by 10 percent or more and reversal of this decrement by the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor . Management …

English Journal

In vitro investigating of anticancer activity of new 7-MEOTA-tacrine heterodimers.

Janockova J, Korabecny J, Plsikova J, Babkova K, Konkolova E, Kucerova D, Vargova J, Koval J, Jendzelovsky R, Fedorocko P, Kasparkova J, Brabec V, Rosocha J, Soukup O, Hamulakova S, Kuca K, Kozurkova M.
Journal of enzyme inhibition and medicinal chemistry. 2019 Dec;34(1)877-897.
A combination of biochemical, biophysical and biological techniques was used to study calf thymus DNA interaction with newly synthesized 7-MEOTA-tacrine thiourea 12-17 and urea heterodimers 18-22, and to measure interference with type I and II topoisomerases. Their biological profile was also inspec
PMID 30938202

Synthesis and biological evaluation of 3-arylcoumarins as potential anti-Alzheimer's disease agents.

Yang J, Zhang P, Hu Y, Liu T, Sun J, Wang X.
Journal of enzyme inhibition and medicinal chemistry. 2019 Dec;34(1)651-656.
Alzheimer's disease, a neurodegenerative illness, has the extremely complex pathogenesis. Accumulating evidence indicates there is a close relationship between several enzymes and Alzheimer's disease. Various substituted 3-arylcoumarin derivatives were synthesised, and their in vitro activity, inclu
PMID 30746966

Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase with uracil derivatives: kinetic and computational studies.

Cavdar H, Senturk M, Guney M, Durdagi S, Kayik G, Supuran CT, Ekinci D.
Journal of enzyme inhibition and medicinal chemistry. 2019 Dec;34(1)429-437.
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and Butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) inhibitors are interesting compounds for different therapeutic applications, among which Alzheimer's disease. Here, we investigated the inhibition of these cholinesterases with uracil derivatives. The mechanism of inhibition of these enzy
PMID 30734597

Japanese Journal

The Cyanine Dye NK-4 Improves Scopolamine-Induced Memory Impairments in Mice

Uchida Satoko,Endo Shin,Akita Kenji,Ohta Tsunetaka,Fukuda Shigeharu
Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 35(10), 1831-1835, 2012
… We examined whether NK-4 could reverse scopolamine-induced amnesia in mice since NK-4 displays a potent and selective inhibitory effect on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in vitro. …
NAID 130001872367

Capsofulvesins A–C, Cholinesterase Inhibitors from Capsosiphon fulvescens

Fang Zhe,Yang Jeong Su,Ah Jung Hyun,Sue Choi Jae,Sun Min Byung,Hee Woo Mi
Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 60(11), 1351-1358, 2012
… Compounds 1–6 exhibited acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activities with IC50 values ranging from 50.90 to 82.83 µM, whereas 2–6 showed butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibitory activities with IC50 values of 114.75–185.55 µM. …
NAID 130001852374

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「アセチルコリンエステラーゼ阻害薬」「anticholinesterase agent」「cholinesterase inhibitor」「アセチルコリンエステラーゼ阻害剤」
拡張検索	「acetylcholinesterase inhibitors」
関連記事	「inhibit」「inhibitor」「acetylcholinesterase」

「アセチルコリンエステラーゼ阻害薬」

　　[★]

英: acetylcholinesterase inhibitor
関: 抗コリンエステラーゼ薬、コリンエステラーゼ阻害剤、アセチルコリンエステラーゼ阻害剤

「anticholinesterase agent」

　　[★]

抗コリンエステラーゼ薬、抗コリンエステラーゼ剤

関: acetylcholinesterase inhibitor、anticholinesterase、cholinesterase inhibitor

「cholinesterase inhibitor」

　　[★] コリンエステラーゼ阻害薬

関: acetylcholinesterase inhibitor、anticholinesterase、anticholinesterase agent

「アセチルコリンエステラーゼ阻害剤」

　　[★]

英: acetylcholinesterase inhibitor
関: アセチルコリンエステラーゼ阻害薬

「acetylcholinesterase inhibitors」

　　[★] アセチルコリンエステラーゼ阻害薬

「inhibit」

　　[★]

v.

抑制する、阻害する、阻止する

関: abrogate、block、depress、depression、deter、inhibition、interdict、prevent、prevention、repress、repression、restrain、restraint、suppress、suppression

「inhibitor」

　　[★]

n.

阻害剤、阻害薬、抑制薬、抑制剤、(内在性物質について)インヒビター、抑制物質

関: blocker、depressant、suppressant

「acetylcholinesterase」

　　[★] アセチルコリンエステラーゼ AChE

[1] Colovic, MB; Krstic, Danijela Z.; Lazarevic-Pasti, Tamara D.; Bondzic, Aleksandra M.; Vasic, Vesna M. (2013). "Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors: Pharmacology and Toxicology". Current Neuropharmacology. 11 (3): 315–335. doi:10.2174/1570159X11311030006. PMC 3648782. PMID 24179466.

[2] Yuschak, Thomas (2006). Advanced Lucid Dreaming: The Power of Supplements. Lulu. ISBN 1430305428.

[3] Taylor, D; Paton, C; Shitij, K (2012). Maudsley Prescribing Guidelines in Psychiatry (11th ed.). West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell. ISBN 978-0-47-097948-8.

[4] Singh, J; Kour, K; Jayaram, MB (January 2012). "Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors for schizophrenia". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 1: CD007967. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD007967.pub2. PMID 22258978. Lay summary.

[5] Choi, KH; Wykes, T; Kurtz, MM (September 2013). "Adjunctive pharmacotherapy for cognitive deficits in schizophrenia: meta-analytical investigation of efficacy". The British Journal of Psychiatry. 203 (3): 172–178. doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.111.107359. PMID 23999481.

[6] Ribeiz, SR; Bassitt, DP; Arrais, JA; Avila, R; Steffens, DC; Bottino, CM (April 2010). "Cholinesterase Inhibitors as Adjunctive Therapy in Patients with Schizophrenia and Schizoaffective Disorder A Review and Meta-Analysis of the Literature". CNS Drugs. 24 (4): 303–317. doi:10.2165/11530260-000000000-00000. PMID 20297855.

[7] Buckley, A. W.; Sassower, K.; Rodriguez, A. J.; Jennison, K.; Wingert, K.; Buckley, J.; Thurm, A.; Sato, S.; Swedo, S. (2011). "An Open Label Trial of Donepezil for Enhancement of Rapid Eye Movement Sleep in Young Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders". Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology. 21 (4): 353–357. doi:10.1089/cap.2010.0121. PMC 3157749. PMID 21851192.

[8] Handen, B. L.; Johnson, C. R.; McAuliffe-Bellin, S.; Murray, P. J.; Hardan, A. Y. (2011). "Safety and Efficacy of Donepezil in Children and Adolescents with Autism: Neuropsychological Measures". Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology. 21 (1): 43–50. doi:10.1089/cap.2010.0024. PMC 3037196. PMID 21309696.

[BBDalzheimers-9] Consumer Reports; Drug Effectiveness Review Project (May 2012). "Evaluating Prescription Drugs Used to Treat: Alzheimer's Disease Comparing Effectiveness, Safety, and Price" (PDF). Best Buy Drugs. Consumer Reports: 2. Retrieved 1 May 2013. , which claims Alzheimer's Association guidance as a source

[10] Inglis, F. (2002). "The tolerability and safety of cholinesterase inhibitors in the treatment of dementia". International journal of clinical practice. Supplement (127): 45–63. PMID 12139367.

[Inglis-11] Inglis, F (2002). "The tolerability and safety of cholinesterase inhibitors in the treatment of dementia". International journal of clinical practice. Supplement (127): 45–63. PMID 12139367.

[12] Karadsheh, N; Kussie, P; Linthicum, DS (1991). "Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase by caffeine, anabasine, methyl pyrrolidine and their derivatives". Toxicology letters. 55 (3): 335–42. doi:10.1016/0378-4274(91)90015-X. PMID 2003276.

[13] Vladimir-Knežević, Sanda; Blažeković, Biljana; Kindl, Marija; Vladić, Jelena; Lower-Nedza, Agnieszka D.; Brantner, Adelheid H. (2014-01-09). "Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitory, Antioxidant and Phytochemical Properties of Selected Medicinal Plants of the Lamiaceae Family". Molecules. 19 (1): 767–782. doi:10.3390/molecules19010767.

[14] Miyazawa, Mitsuo; Yamafuji, Chikako (2005-03-09). "Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase activity by bicyclic monoterpenoids". Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 53 (5): 1765–1768. doi:10.1021/jf040019b. ISSN 0021-8561. PMID 15740071.

[15] Perry, Nicolette S. L.; Houghton, Peter J.; Theobald, Anthony; Jenner, Peter; Perry, Elaine K. (2000-07-01). "In-vitro Inhibition of Human Erythrocyte Acetylcholinesterase by Salvia lavandulaefolia Essential Oil and Constituent Terpenes". Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology. 52 (7): 895–902. doi:10.1211/0022357001774598. ISSN 2042-7158. PMID 10933142.

[16] Bauer, Brent A. Alzheimer's disease. mayoclinic.com

[17] Wang, BS; Wang, H; Wei, ZH; Song, YY; Zhang, L; Chen, HZ (2009). "Efficacy and safety of natural acetylcholinesterase inhibitor huperzine A in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease: an updated meta-analysis". Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996). 116 (4): 457–65. doi:10.1007/s00702-009-0189-x. PMID 19221692.

[18] Rhee IK, I; Appels N; Hofte B; Karabatak B; Erkelens C; Stark LM; Flippin LA; Verpoorte R (November 2004). "Isolation of the Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor Ungeremine from Nerine bowdenii by Preparative HPLC Coupled On-Line to a Flow Assay System". Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin. 27 (11): 1804–1809. doi:10.1248/bpb.27.1804. PMID 15516727. ^{[permanent dead link]}

[Rang156-19] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y Rang, H. P. (2003). Pharmacology. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone. ISBN 0-443-07145-4. Page 156

v t e Psychoanaleptics: Antidementia agents (N06D)

AChE inhibitors	Donepezil Galantamine Huperzine A (Huperzia serrata) Rivastigmine Tacrine

Others	Bifemelane Ergoloid Meclofenoxate (centrophenoxine) Memantine Nicergoline

v t e Nootropics

Ampakines	CX-516 CX-546 CX-614 Farampator (CX-691) CX-717 IDRA-21 LY-404,187 LY-503,430 Nooglutyl Org 26576 PEPA S-18986

Cholinergics	mAChR agonists: 77-LH-28-1 ADX-47273 Alvameline Arecoline Cevimeline CI-1017 Milameline Sabcomeline Talsaclidine Tazomeline Xanomeline nAChR agonists: AR-R17779 Bradanicline Cotinine GTS-21 Ispronicline Nicotine PHA-543,613 PNU-282,987 Pozanicline Rivanicline SIB-1553A SSR-180,711 TC-1827 WAY-317,538 AChE inhibitors: Celastrus paniculatus Cymserine Donepezil Galantamine Huperzine A (Huperzia Serrata) Ladostigil Metrifonate Physostigmine Rivastigmine Tacrine Others: Alpha-GPC Choline Dimethylethanolamine Citicoline

Racetams	Aniracetam Brivaracetam Coluracetam Etiracetam Fasoracetam Levetiracetam Nebracetam Nefiracetam Oxiracetam Phenylpiracetam Piracetam Pramiracetam Rolziracetam Seletracetam

Nutrients	Acetylcarnitine Choline Omega-3 fatty acids Magnesium threonate Phosphatidylserine Pyritinol Sulbutiamine Thiamine

Others	Aceglutamide Adafenoxate Bacopa monnieri BAY 73-6691 Bifemelane Bilobalide (Ginkgo biloba) C16 Carbenoxolone Centella asiatica Cinnarizine Ciproxifan Clitoria ternatea Cyprodenate Dihexa Edaravone Eleutherococcus senticosus Ergoloid Ensaculin Emoxypine Fipexide Ginseng Guarana Idebenone Indeloxazine ISRIB Leteprinim Linopirdine Meclofenoxate (centrophenoxine) Methylene blue Nizofenone Noopept NSI-189 P7C3 Pirisudanol Pitolisant PRL-8-53 Razobazam Rubidium S-17092 Semax Shilajit Suritozole Taltirelin Teniloxazine Tianeptine Tricyanoaminopropene Uncaria tomentosa Vincamine Vinpocetine

匿名

検索

案内

案内

acetylcholinesterase inhibitor