無動原体染色体
WordNet
- a chromosome having two equal arms because the centromere is in median position
- a threadlike strand of DNA in the cell nucleus that carries the genes in a linear order; "humans have 22 chromosome pairs plus two sex chromosomes"
- not centered or having no center
- lacking a centromere; "an acentric chromosome fragment"
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- 染色体
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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/09/09 18:06:26」(JST)
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An acentric fragment is a segment of a chromosome that lacks a centromere. [1]
Because the centromere is the point of attachment for the mitotic apparatus, acentric fragments are not evenly distributed to the daughter cells in cell division (mitosis and meiosis). As a result one of the daughters will lack the acentric fragment.
Lack of the acentric fragment in one of the daughter cells may have deleterious consequences, depending on the function of the DNA in this region of the chromosome. In the case of a haploid organism or a gamete, it will be fatal if essential DNA is contained in that DNA segment. In the case of a diploid organism, the daughter cell lacking the acetric fragment will show expression of any recessive genes found in the homologous chromosome. Developmental geneticists look to cells and cell lineages lacking unpaired chromosome segments produced this way as a means of identifying essential genes for specific functions.
Acentric fragments are commonly generated by chromosome-breaking events, such as irradiation. Acentric fragments can also be produced when an inverted segment is present in one member of a chromosome pair. In that case, a crossover event will result in one chromosome with two centromeres and an acentric fragment. The acentric fragment will be lost as explained above, and chromosomes with two centromeres will break unevenly during mitosis, resulting in one daughter lacking essential genes. [2]
- ^ Acentric Fragment, In: Sydney Brenner and Jeffrey H. Miller, Editor(s)-in-Chief, Encyclopedia of Genetics, Academic Press, New York, 2001, Page 2, ISBN 978-0-12-227080-2, 10.1006/rwgn.2001.1750.
- ^ Introduction to Genetic Analysis (Looseleaf). Macmillan. 2008. ISBN 978-1-4292-3323-1. Google Book Preview
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English Journal
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- acentric chromosome 無動原体染色体 - アルクがお届けするオンライン英和・和英辞書検索サービス。 もう英文作成で悩まない！120万例文と用例の「Pro」 データ提供：EDP ※データの転載は禁じられています。 悪質な拡張機能にご注意 ...
- （acentric chromosome）は細胞分裂時 に失われてしまう。• 動原体には種特異的なDNA反復配列 が存在する。• 大多数の生物の染色体は動原体を一 つもつが、染色体全長に わたって動原 体を持つ生物もある。ソラマメ、 Vicia faba
- Acentric chromosome attachment to normal centric chromosomes can occur through homologous recombi-nation, protein scaffolds, and possibly other mecha-nisms such as DNA catenation. For example, double
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