An academic discipline or field of study is a branch of knowledge that is taught and researched as part of higher education.
A scholar's discipline is commonly defined and recognized by the university faculties and learned societies to which he or she belongs and the academic journals in which he or she publishes research. However, there exist no formal criteria for the status of an academic discipline. Disciplines vary between well-established ones that exist in almost all universities and have well-defined rosters of journals and conferences and nascent ones supported by only a few universities and publications.
A discipline usually has several sub-disciplines or branches, but the distinguishing lines between these are often both arbitrary and ambiguous.[1]
Contents
- 1 Overview
- 2 Humanities
- 2.1 History
- 2.2 Linguistics
- 2.3 Literature
- 2.4 Performing arts
- 2.5 Philosophy
- 2.6 Religion
- 2.7 Visual arts
- 3 Social sciences
- 3.1 Anthropology
- 3.2 Archaeology
- 3.3 Area studies
- 3.4 Cultural and ethnic studies
- 3.5 Economics
- 3.6 Gender and sexuality studies
- 3.7 Geography
- 3.8 Political science
- 3.9 Psychology
- 3.10 Sociology
- 4 Natural sciences
- 4.1 Space sciences
- 4.2 Earth sciences
- 4.3 Life sciences
- 4.4 Chemistry
- 4.5 Physics
- 5 Formal sciences
- 5.1 Computer sciences
- 5.2 Logic
- 5.3 Mathematics
- 5.4 Statistics
- 5.5 Systems science
- 6 Professions and applied sciences
- 6.1 Agriculture
- 6.2 Architecture and design
- 6.3 Business
- 6.4 Divinity
- 6.5 Education
- 6.6 Engineering
- 6.7 Environmental studies and forestry
- 6.8 Family and consumer science
- 6.9 Healthcare science
- 6.10 Human physical performance and recreation*
- 6.11 Journalism, media studies and communication
- 6.12 Law
- 6.13 Library and museum studies
- 6.14 Military sciences
- 6.15 Public administration
- 6.16 Social work
- 6.17 Transportation
- 7 See also
- 8 Notes
- 9 References
- 10 External links
Overview[edit]
The University of Paris in 1231 consisted of four faculties: Theology, Medicine, Canon Law and Arts.[2] Most academic disciplines have their roots in the mid-to-late-19th century secularization of universities, when the traditional curricula were supplemented with non-classical languages and literatures, social sciences such as political science, economics, sociology and public administration, and natural science and technology disciplines such as physics, chemistry, biology, and engineering.
In the early 20th century, new disciplines such as education and psychology were added. In the 1970s and 1980s, there was an explosion of new disciplines focusing on specific themes, such as media studies, women's studies, and black studies. Many disciplines designed as preparation for careers and professions, such as nursing, hospitality management, and corrections, also emerged in the universities. Finally, interdisciplinary scientific fields such as biochemistry and geophysics gained prominence as their contribution to knowledge became widely recognized.
There is no consensus on how some academic disciplines should be classified (e.g., whether anthropology and linguistics are social sciences disciplines or humanities disciplines). More generally, the proper criteria for organizing knowledge into disciplines are also open to debate.
An asterisk (*) denotes a field whose academic status has been debated among this article's editors.
Humanities[edit]
Main articles: Humanities and Outline of the humanities
History[edit]
Main articles: History and Branches of history
- African history
- American history
- Ancient history
- History of Asia
- History of Europe
- Chinese history
- Cultural history
- Diplomatic history
- Economic history
- Ethnohistory
|
- Greek history (outline)
- History of education
- History of science and technology
- Iranian history
- Indian history
- Indonesian history
- Intellectual history
- Military history
- Modern history
- Political history
- World history
|
Linguistics[edit]
Main articles: Linguistics and Outline of linguistics
- Languages
- Business English*
- Classical language
- Modern language
- Standard English*
- World Englishes*
- Applied Linguistics
- Computational linguistics / Natural language processing
- Discourse analysis
- Etymology
- Historical linguistics
- History of linguistics
|
- Interlinguistics
- Morphology
- Philology
- Phonetics
- Phonology
- Pragmatics
- Semantics
- Semiotics
- Sociolinguistics
- Syntax
- Composition studies
- Rhetoric
|
Literature[edit]
Main articles: Literature and Outline of literature
- World literatures
- Arabic literature
- Argentine literature
- Bengali literature
- Bulgarian literature
- Bosnian literature
- Classics
- Comparative literature
- Chinese literature
- English literature
- American literature
- African American literature
- Asian American literature
- Jewish American literature
- Southern literature
- Australian literature
- British literature
- Scottish literature
- Welsh literature
- Canadian literature
- Indian literature
- Irish literature
- New Zealand literature
- Medieval literature
- Post-colonial literature
- Post-modern literature
- West Indian literature
- French literature
- Gaelic literature
- German literature and Austrian literature
|
-
- Hebrew literature
- Hindi literature
- Italian literature
- Japanese literature
- Kannada literature
- Korean literature
- Latin American literature
- Nigerian literature
- Oriya literature
- Pashto literature
- Persian literature
- Polish literature
- Philippine literature
- Portuguese and Brazilian literature
- Russian literature
- Serbian literature
- Spanish literature
- Tamil literature
- Turkish literature
- Welsh Literature
- Yiddish literature
- Literary theory
- Critical theory
- Literary criticism
- Poetics
- Rhetoric
- Creative writing
- Creative nonfiction
- Fiction writing
- Non-fiction writing
- Literary journalism
- Poetry composition
- Screenwriting
- Playwrighting
|
Performing arts[edit]
Main articles: Performing arts and Outline of performing arts
- Arts administration
- Music (outline)
- Accompanying
- Chamber music
- Church music
- Musical composition
- Conducting
- Choral conducting
- Orchestral conducting
- Wind ensemble conducting
- Early music
- Jazz studies
- Music education
- Music history
- Music theory
- Musicology
- Historical musicology
- Systematic musicology
- Ethnomusicology
- Performance and literature
- Organ and historical keyboards
- Piano
- Strings, harp, oud, and guitar (outline)
- Singing
- Woodwinds, brass, and percussion
- Recording
- Orchestral studies
|
- Dance (outline)
- Choreography
- Dance notation
- Ethnochoreology
- History of dance
- Theatre (outline)
- History
- Acting
- Directing
- Stage design
- Dramaturgy
- Playwrighting
- Scenography
- Musical theatre
- Film (outline)
- Animation
- Live-action
- Filmmaking
- Film criticism
- Film theory
- Oral literature
- Public speaking
- Performance poetry
- Storytelling
|
Philosophy[edit]
Main articles: Philosophy and Outline of philosophy
- Meta-philosophy
- Metaphysics
- Ontology
- Teleology
- Philosophy of mind
- Philosophy of artificial intelligence
- Philosophy of perception
- Philosophy of pain
- Philosophy of space and time
- Philosophy of Action
- Epistemology (outline)
- Ethics (outline)
- Normative ethics
- Meta-ethics
- Value theory
- Moral psychology
- Applied ethics
- Animal rights
- Bioethics
- Environmental ethics
- Aesthetics (outline)/Philosophy of Art
- Social philosophy and political philosophy
- Feminist philosophy
- Anarchism (outline)
- Marxism
- Philosophical traditions and schools
- African philosophy
- Platonism
- Aristotelianism
- Analytic philosophy
|
-
- Continental philosophy
- Eastern philosophy
- Feminist philosophy
- History of philosophy
- Ancient philosophy
- Medieval philosophy
- Scholasticism
- Humanism (outline)
- Modern philosophy
- Contemporary philosophy
- Logic (outline)
- Philosophical logic
- Mathematical logic
- Applied philosophy
- Philosophy of education
- Philosophy of history
- Philosophy of religion
- Philosophy of language
- Philosophy of law
- Philosophy of mathematics
- Philosophy of music
- Philosophy of science
- Philosophy of social science
- Philosophy of physics
- Philosophy of biology
- Philosophy of chemistry
- Philosophy of economics
- Philosophy of psychology
- Philosophy of engineering
- Systems philosophy
|
Religion[edit]
Main articles: Religious studies and Outline of religion
See also: List of religions and spiritual traditions
- Abrahamic religions
- Baha'i Faith
- Christianity (outline)
- Christian theology (outline)
- Bibliology
- Hermeneutics
- Theology Proper
- Christology
- Pneumatology
- Demonology
- Theological anthropology
- Soteriology
- Nomology
- Ecclesiology
- Eschatology
- Christian ethics
- Islam (outline)/ Islamic studies
- Judaism (outline)/ Jewish studies
- Indian religions
- Buddhism (outline)/ Buddhist Studies
- Hinduism (outline)
- Jainism
- Sikhism (outline)
|
- East Asian religions
- Chinese folk religion
- Confucianism
- Shinto
- Daoism
- I-Kuan Tao
- Caodaism
- Chondogyo
- Tenrikyo
- Oomoto
- Other religions
- African religions
- Ancient Egyptian religion
- Native American religions
- Gnosticism
- Esotericism
- New religious movements
- Sumerian religion
- Zoroastrianism
- Comparative religion
- Mythology and Folklore
- Irreligion
- Agnosticism
- Atheism (outline) and religious humanism
|
Visual arts[edit]
Main articles: Visual arts and Outline of visual arts
- Art history
- Calligraphy
- Connoisseurship
- Creative arts
- Drawing (outline)
- Fine arts
- Painting (outline)
|
- Filmmaking
- Photography (outline)
- Mixed Media
- Printmaking
- Studio art
- Sculpture (outline)
- Art conservation
|
Social sciences[edit]
Main articles: Social sciences and Outline of social science
Anthropology[edit]
Main articles: Anthropology and Outline of anthropology
- Biological anthropology
- Forensic anthropology
- Gene-culture coevolution
- Human behavioral ecology
- Human evolution
- Medical anthropology
- Paleoanthropology
- Population genetics
- Primatology
- Anthropological linguistics
- Synchronic linguistics (or Descriptive linguistics)
- Diachronic linguistics (or Historical linguistics)
- Ethnolinguistics
- Sociolinguistics
|
- Cultural anthropology
- Anthropology of religion
- Economic anthropology
- Ethnography
- Ethnohistory
- Ethnology
- Ethnomusicology
- Folklore
- Mythology
- Missiology
- Political anthropology
- Psychological anthropology
|
Archaeology[edit]
Main articles: Archaeology and Outline of archaeology
See also: Branches of archaeology
- Classical archaeology
- Egyptology
- Experimental archaeology
- Maritime archaeology
|
- Near Eastern archaeology
- Paleoanthropology
- Prehistoric archaeology
|
Area studies[edit]
Main article: Area studies
- African studies
- American studies
- Appalachian studies
- Canadian studies
- Latin American studies
- Asian studies
- Indology (Indian studies)
- Iranian studies
- Japanology (Japanese studies)
- Korean studies
- Sinology (outline) (Chinese studies)
- Southeast Asian studies
- European studies
- Celtic studies
- German studies
- Scandinavian studies
- Slavic studies
- Australian studies
- Middle East studies
Cultural and ethnic studies[edit]
Main articles: Cultural studies and Ethnic studies
- Asian studies
- Asian American studies
- Black studies or African American studies
- Chicano studies
|
- Childhood studies
- Disability studies
- Latino studies
- Native American studies
|
Economics[edit]
Main articles: Economics and Outline of economics
- Agricultural economics
- Anarchist economics
- Behavioral economics
- Bioeconomics
- Complexity economics
- Computational economics
- Consumer economics
- Development economics
- Ecological economics
- Econometrics
- Economic geography
- Economic history
- Economic sociology
- Economic systems
- Energy economics
- Entrepreneurial economics
- Environmental economics
- Evolutionary economics
- Experimental economics
- Feminist economics
- Financial economics
- Financial econometrics
- Game theory
- Green economics
- Growth economics
- Human development theory
|
- Industrial organization
- Information economics
- Institutional economics
- International economics
- Islamic economics
- Labor economics
- Law and economics
- Macroeconomics
- Managerial economics
- Marxian economics
- Mathematical economics
- Microeconomics
- Monetary economics
- Neuroeconomics
- Participatory Economics
- Political economy
- Public finance
- Public economics
- Real estate economics
- Resource economics
- Social choice theory
- Socialist economics
- Socioeconomics
- Transport economics
- Welfare economics
|
Gender and sexuality studies[edit]
Main article: Gender and sexuality studies
- Feminine psychology
- Gender studies/Gender theory
- Heterosexism
- Human sexual behavior
- Human sexuality (outline)
- Masculine psychology
|
- Men's studies
- Queer studies/Queer theory
- Sex education
- Sexology
- Women's studies
|
Geography[edit]
Main articles: Geography and Outline of geography
- Cartography (outline)
- Human geography
- Cultural geography
- Economic geography
- Historical geography
- Time geography
- Political geography & geopolitics
- Military geography
- Strategic geography
- Population geography
- Social geography
- Behavioral geography
- Children's geographies
- Health geography
- Tourism geography
- Urban geography
|
- Environmental geography
- Physical geography
- Biogeography
- Climatology
- Coastal geography
- Geomorphology
- Geodesy
- Hydrology/Hydrography
- Glaciology
- Limnology
- Oceanography
- Landscape ecology
- Palaeogeography
- Regional geography
- Remote sensing
|
Political science[edit]
Main articles: Political science and Outline of politics
- American politics
- Canadian politics
- Civics
- Comparative politics
- Geopolitics (Political geography)
- International relations
- International organizations
- Nationalism studies
- Peace and conflict studies
- Policy studies
|
- Political behavior
- Political culture
- Political economy
- Political history
- Political philosophy
- Psephology
- Public administration
- Nonprofit administration
- Non-governmental organization (NGO) administration
- Public policy
- Social choice theory
|
Psychology[edit]
Main articles: Psychology and Outline of psychology
See also: Branches of psychology, Cognitive science, Affective science, and Behavioural sciences
- Abnormal psychology
- Applied psychology
- Biological psychology
- Clinical psychology
- Cognitive psychology
- Community psychology
- Comparative psychology
- Conservation psychology
- Consumer psychology
- Counseling psychology
- Cultural psychology
- Differential psychology
- Developmental psychology
- Educational psychology
- Environmental psychology
- Evolutionary psychology
- Experimental psychology
- Forensic psychology
|
- Health psychology
- Humanistic psychology
- Legal psychology
- Media psychology
- Medical psychology
- Military psychology
- Neuropsychology
- Occupational health psychology
- Organizational psychology
- Parapsychology (outline)
- Personality psychology
- Political psychology
- Positive psychology
- Psychometrics
- Psychology of religion
- Psychophysics
- Quantitative psychology
- School psychology
- Social psychology
- Sport psychology
|
Sociology[edit]
Main articles: Sociology and Outline of sociology
- Applied sociology
- Political sociology
- Public sociology
- Social engineering
- Leisure studies
- Collective behavior
- Community informatics
- Comparative sociology
- Conflict theory
- Cultural studies
- Criminology/Criminal justice (outline)
- Critical management studies
- Demography/Population
- Environmental sociology
- Feminist sociology
- Futures studies (outline)
- Human ecology
- Humanistic sociology
- Interactionism
- Phenomenology
- Ethnomethodology
- Symbolic interactionism
- Social constructionism
- Medical sociology
- Military sociology
- Organizational studies
- Science studies/Science and technology studies
- Sexology
- Social capital
- Social change
- Social transformation
|
- Social control
- Social economy
- Social philosophy
- Social psychology
- Social policy
- Social research
- Computational sociology
- Economic sociology/Socioeconomics
- Economic development
- Social development
- Sociology of culture
- Sociology of deviance
- Sociology of education
- Sociology of gender
- Sociology of the family
- Sociology of knowledge
- Sociology of law
- Sociology of religion
- Sociology of sport
- Sociology of work
- Social theory
- Social stratification
- Sociological theory
- Sociobiology
- Sociocybernetics
- Sociolinguistics
- Urban studies or Urban sociology/Rural sociology
- Visual sociology
|
Natural sciences[edit]
Main articles: Natural science and Outline of natural science
Space sciences[edit]
Main article: Space science
See also: Outline of astronomy
- Astrobiology
- Astronomy (outline)
- Observational astronomy
- Radio astronomy
- Microwave astronomy
- Infrared astronomy
- Optical astronomy
- UV astronomy
- X-ray astronomy
- Gamma ray astronomy
- Astrophysics
|
-
- Interstellar medium
- Numerical simulations in
- Astrophysical plasma
- Galaxy formation and evolution
- High-energy astrophysics
- Hydrodynamics
- Magnetohydrodynamics
- Star formation
- Physical cosmology
- Stellar astrophysics
- Helioseismology
- Stellar evolution
- Stellar nucleosynthesis
- Planetary science (alternatively, a part of earth science)
|
Earth sciences[edit]
Main articles: Earth science and Outline of earth science
- See also Branches of earth sciences
- Edaphology
- Environmental science
- Environmental chemistry
- Gemology
- Geodesy
- Geography (outline)
- Geology (outline)
- Geochemistry
- Geomorphology
- Geophysics (outline)
- Glaciology
- Hydrogeology
- Hydrology (outline)
|
- Meteorology (outline)
- Mineralogy
- Oceanography (outline)
- Pedology
- Paleontology
- Planetary science (alternatively, a part of space science)
- Sedimentology
- Soil science
- Speleology
- Tectonics
- Volcanology
|
Life sciences[edit]
Main article: Life sciences
- See also Branches of life sciences
- Biochemistry (outline)
- Bioinformatics
- Biotechnology (outline)
- Biology (outline)
- Aerobiology
- Anatomy
- Comparative anatomy
- Human anatomy (outline)
- Botany (outline)
- Cell biology (outline)
- Chronobiology
- Computational biology
- Cryobiology
- Developmental biology
- Ecology (outline)
- Agroecology
- Ethnoecology
- Human ecology
- Landscape ecology
- Genetics (outline)
- Behavioural genetics
- Molecular genetics
- Population genetics
- Endocrinology
- Evolutionary biology
- Human biology
- Immunology
- Marine biology
- Mathematical biology
- Microbiology
- Molecular biology
- Nutrition (outline)
- Neuroscience (outline)
|
-
- Paleobiology
- Systems biology
- Virology
- Xenobiology
- Zoology (outline)
- Animal communications
- Arachnology
- Carcinology
- Entomology
- Ethnozoology
- Ethology
- Herpetology
- Ichthyology
- Oology
- Ornithology
- Primatology
- Zootomy
- Biophysics (outline)
- Limnology
- Linnaean taxonomy
- Mycology
- Parasitology
- Pathology
- Physiology
- Systematics (Taxonomy)
|
Chemistry[edit]
Main articles: Chemistry and Outline of chemistry
- See also Branches of chemistry
- Agrochemistry
- Analytical chemistry
- Astrochemistry
- Atmospheric chemistry
- Biochemistry (outline)
- Chemical engineering
- Chemical biology
- Cheminformatics
- Computational chemistry
- Cosmochemistry
- Electrochemistry
- Environmental chemistry
- Femtochemistry
- Flavor
- Flow chemistry
- Geochemistry
- Green chemistry
- Histochemistry
- Hydrogenation
- Immunochemistry
- Inorganic chemistry
- Marine chemistry
- Materials science
- Mathematical chemistry
- Mechanochemistry
|
- Medicinal chemistry
- Molecular biology
- Molecular mechanics
- Nanotechnology
- Natural product chemistry
- Neurochemistry
- Oenology
- Organic chemistry (outline)
- Organometallic chemistry
- Petrochemistry
- Pharmacology
- Photochemistry
- Physical chemistry
- Physical organic chemistry
- Phytochemistry
- Polymer chemistry
- Quantum chemistry
- Radiochemistry
- Solid-state chemistry
- Sonochemistry
- Supramolecular chemistry
- Surface chemistry
- Synthetic chemistry
- Theoretical chemistry
- Thermochemistry
|
Physics[edit]
Main articles: Physics and Outline of physics
- See also Branches of physics
- Acoustics
- Applied Physics
- Astrophysics
- Atomic, molecular, and optical physics
- Biophysics (Outline of biophysics)
- Computational physics
- Condensed matter physics
- Cryogenics
- Electromagnetism
- Elementary particle physics
- Fluid dynamics
- Geophysics (outline)
- Materials science
- Mathematical physics
|
- Medical physics
- Mechanics
- Molecular physics
- Newtonian dynamics
- Nuclear physics
- Optics
- Plasma physics
- Quantum physics
- Solid mechanics
- Solid state physics
- Statistical mechanics
- Theoretical physics
- Thermodynamics
- Vehicle dynamics
|
Formal sciences[edit]
Main article: Formal sciences
Computer sciences[edit]
Main articles: Computer sciences and Outline of computer science
- See also ACM Computing Classification System
- Theory of computation
- Automata theory (Formal languages)
- Computability theory
- Computational complexity theory
- Concurrency theory
- Algorithms
- Randomized algorithms
- Distributed algorithms
- Parallel algorithms
- Computational geometry
- Data structures
- Computer architecture
- Operating systems
- Computer communications (networks)
- Information theory
- Internet, World wide web
- Wireless computing (Mobile computing)
- Ubiquitous computing
- Cloud computing
- Computer security and reliability
- Cryptography
- Fault-tolerant computing
- Distributed computing
- Parallel computing
- High-performance computing
- Quantum computing
- Computer graphics
- Image processing
- Scientific visualization
- Software engineering
- Formal methods (Formal verification)
- Programming languages
- Programming paradigms
- Imperative programming
- Object-oriented programming
- Functional programming
- Logic programming
- Concurrent programming
- Program semantics
- Type theory
- Compilers
- Human-computer interaction
|
- Information science
- Data management
- Data mining
- Database (outline)
- Relational database
- Distributed database
- Object database
- Information retrieval
- Information management
- Knowledge management
- Multimedia, hypermedia
- Sound and music computing
- Artificial intelligence (outline)
- Cognitive science
- Automated reasoning
- Machine learning
- Artificial neural network
- Support vector machine
- Natural language processing (Computational linguistics)
- Computer vision
- Expert systems
- Robotics (outline)
- Computing in Mathematics, Natural sciences, Engineering and Medicine
- Numerical analysis
- Algebraic (symbolic) computation
- Computational number theory
- Computational mathematics
- Scientific computing (Computational science)
- Computational biology (bioinformatics)
- Computational physics
- Computational chemistry
- Computational neuroscience
- Computer-aided engineering
- Finite element analysis
- Computational fluid dynamics
- Computing in Social sciences, Arts and Humanities, Professions
- Computational economics
- Computational sociology
- Computational finance
- The Digital Humanities (Humanities computing)
- History of computer hardware
- History of computer science (outline)
- Humanistic informatics
- Community informatics
|
Logic[edit]
Main articles: Logic and Outline of logic
- Mathematical logic
- Set theory
- Proof theory
- Model theory
- Recursion theory
- Modal logic
- Intuitionistic logic
|
- Philosophical logic
- Logical reasoning
- Modal logic
- Deontic logic
- Doxastic logic
|
- Logic in computer science
- Programming language semantics
- Formal methods (Formal verification)
- Type theory
- Logic programming
- Multi-valued logic
|
Mathematics[edit]
Main articles: Mathematics and Outline of mathematics
- See also Branches of mathematics and AMS Mathematics Subject Classification
- Algebra (outline)
- Group theory
- Ring theory
- Commutative algebra
- Noncommutative algebra
- Field theory
- Linear algebra (Vector space)
- Multilinear algebra
- Lie algebra
- Associative algebra
- Non-associative algebra
- Universal algebra
- Homological algebra
- Differential algebra
- Lattice theory (Order theory)
- Representation theory
- K-theory
- Category theory
- Analysis
- Real analysis
- Complex analysis
- Functional analysis
- Non-standard analysis
- Harmonic analysis
- p-adic analysis
- Ordinary differential equations
- Partial differential equations
- Probability theory
- Measure theory
- Ergodic theory
- Stochastic process
- Geometry (outline) and Topology
- General topology
- Algebraic topology
- Geometric topology
- Differential topology
- Algebraic geometry
- Differential geometry
- Projective geometry
- Affine geometry
- Non-Euclidean geometry
- Convex geometry
- Discrete geometry
- Integral geometry
- Noncommutative geometry
|
- Number theory
- Analytic number theory
- Algebraic number theory
- Geometric number theory
- Logic and Foundations of mathematics
- Set theory
- Proof theory
- Model theory
- Recursion theory
- Modal logic
- Intuitionistic logic
- Applied mathematics
- Statistics
- Mathematical statistics
- Econometrics
- Actuarial science
- Demography
- Approximation theory
- Numerical analysis
- Operations research
- Mathematical optimization
- Linear programming
- Dynamic programming
- Assignment problem
- Decision analysis
- Inventory theory
- Scheduling
- Real options analysis
- Systems analysis
- Stochastic processes
- Optimal maintenance
- Dynamical systems
- Chaos theory
- Fractal geometry
- Mathematical physics
- Quantum mechanics
- Quantum field theory
- Quantum gravity
- Statistical mechanics
- Theory of computation
- Computational complexity theory
- Information theory
- Cryptography
- Combinatorics (outline)
- Graph theory
- Game theory
|
Statistics[edit]
Main articles: Statistics and Outline of statistics
- Computational statistics
- Data mining
- Regression
- Simulation
- Design of experiments
- Block design and Analysis of variance
- Response surface methodology
- Sample Survey
|
- Statistical modelling
- Biostatistics
- Multivariate analysis
- Structural equation model
- Time series
- Reliability theory
- Quality control
- Statistical theory
- Decision theory
- Mathematical statistics
- Survey methodology
|
Systems science[edit]
Main article: Systems science
- Complex systems
- Cybernetics
- Control theory
- Control engineering
- Control systems
- Dynamical systems
- Operations research
|
- Systems dynamics
- Systems engineering
- Systems theory
- Developmental systems theory
- General systems theory
- Mathematical system theory
|
Professions and applied sciences[edit]
Main articles: Profession and Applied science
Agriculture[edit]
Main articles: Agriculture and Outline of agriculture
- Agroecology
- Agronomy
- Animal husbandry (Animal science)
- Agrology
- Entomology
- Agricultural economics
- Agricultural engineering
- Biological systems engineering
- Food engineering
|
- Aquaculture
- Enology
- Food science
- Horticulture
- Hydrology (outline)
- Plant science
- Viticulture
|
Architecture and design[edit]
- Architecture and related design
- Architecture (outline)
- Urban planning (urban design)
- Interior design (interior architecture)
- Landscape architecture (landscape planning)
- Historic preservation
- Visual communication
- Graphic design
- Technical drawing
|
- Industrial design (product design)
- Ergonomics (outline)
- Game design
- Toy and amusement design
- User experience design
- Interaction design
- Information architecture
- User interface design
- User experience evaluation
- Fashion design
- Textile design
|
Business[edit]
Main articles: Business and Business education
- Accounting scholarship
- Business administration
- Business analysis
- Business ethics
- Business law
- E-Business
- Entrepreneurship
- Finance (outline)
- Industrial and labor relations
- Collective bargaining
- Human resources
- Organizational studies
- Labor economics
- Labor history
|
- Information systems (Business informatics)
- Management information systems
- Health informatics
- Information technology (outline)
- International trade
- Marketing (outline)
- Purchasing
- Risk management and insurance
- Systems science
|
Divinity[edit]
Main article: Divinity (academic discipline)
- Canon law
- Church history
- Field ministry
- Pastoral counseling
- Pastoral theology
- Religious education techniques
- Homiletics
- Liturgy
- Sacred music
- Missiology
|
- Scriptural study and languages
- Biblical Hebrew
- Biblical studies/Sacred scripture
- New Testament Greek
- Latin
- Old Church Slavonic
- Theology (outline)
- Dogmatic theology
- Ecclesiology
- Sacramental theology
- Systematic theology
- Christian ethics
|
Education[edit]
Main articles: Education and Outline of education
- Consumer education
- Critical pedagogy
- Curriculum and instruction
- Alternative education
- Elementary education
- Secondary education
- Higher education
- Mastery learning
- Cooperative learning
- Agricultural education
- Art education
- Bilingual education
- Chemistry education
- Counselor education
- Language education
- Legal education
- Mathematics education
- Medical education
- Military education and training
|
-
- Music education
- Nursing education
- Peace education
- Physical education/Sports coaching
- Physics education
- Reading education
- Religious education
- Science education
- Special education
- Sex education
- Sociology of education
- Technology education
- Vocational education
- Educational leadership
- Educational philosophy
- Educational psychology
- Educational technology
- Distance education
|
Engineering[edit]
Main articles: Engineering, Outline of engineering, and Engineering education
- See also Branches of engineering
- Aerospace engineering
- Agricultural engineering
- Architectural engineering
- Bioengineering
- Biomechanical engineering
- Biomedical engineering
- Chemical engineering
- Civil engineering
- Geotechnical engineering
- Engineering geology
- Earthquake engineering
- Highway engineering
- Transportation engineering
- Computer engineering (outline)
- Control systems engineering
- Ecological engineering
- Electrical engineering (outline)
- Electronic engineering
- Instrumentation engineering
- Engineering physics
- Environmental engineering
- Industrial engineering
|
- Materials engineering
- Ceramic engineering
- Metallurgical engineering
- Polymer engineering
- Mechanical engineering
- Manufacturing engineering
- Mining engineering
- Nanoengineering
- Nuclear engineering
- Ocean engineering
- Marine engineering
- Naval architecture
- Optical engineering
- Quality assurance engineering
- Petroleum engineering
- Safety engineering
- Software engineering (outline)
- Structural engineering
- Systems engineering
- Telecommunications engineering
- Vehicle engineering
- Web engineering
|
Environmental studies and forestry[edit]
Main articles: Environmental studies and Forestry
- Environmental management
- Coastal management
- Fisheries management
- Land management
- Natural resource management
- Wildlife management
|
- Environmental policy
- Recreation ecology
- Silviculture
- Sustainability studies
- Toxicology
|
Family and consumer science[edit]
Main article: Family and consumer science
- Consumer education
- Housing*
- Interior design
|
- Nutrition (outline)
- Textiles*
|
Healthcare science[edit]
Main articles: Healthcare science and Outline of healthcare science
See also: Branches of medicine
- Clinical laboratory sciences/Clinical pathology/Laboratory medicine
- Clinical biochemistry
- Cytogenetics
- Cytohematology
- Cytology
- Haemostasiology
- Histology
- Clinical immunology
- Clinical microbiology
- Molecular genetics
- Parasitology
- Clinical Physiology
- Dentistry (outline)
- Dental hygiene and epidemiology
- Dental surgery
- Endodontics
- Orthodontics
- Oral and maxillofacial surgery
- Periodontics
- Prosthodontics
- Implantology
- Health informatics/Clinical informatics
- Nursing
- Nutrition (outline)and dietetics
- Optometry
- Orthoptics
- Physiotherapy
- Occupational therapy
- Speech and language pathology
- Internal medicine
- Preventive medicine
- Cardiology
- Dermatology
- Pulmonology
- Endocrinology
- Gastroenterology
- Oncology
- Geriatrics
- Gynaecology
- Hematology
- Infectious disease
- Nephrology
- Neurology
- Neurosurgery
|
-
- Obstetrics (outline)
- Ophthalmology
- Orthopedic surgery
- Hand surgery
- Foot and ankle surgery
- Sports medicine
- Joint replacement
- Shoulder surgery
- Otolaryngology
- Pathology
- Pediatrics
- Pharmacy
- Pharmaceutical sciences
- Physical fitness
- Group Fitness / aerobics
- Personal fitness training
- Kinesiology / Exercise science / Human performance
- Podiatry
- Primary care
- Psychiatry (outline)
- Psychology (outline)
- Behavioral medicine
- Clinical psychology
- Health psychology
- Medical psychology
- Counseling psychology
- Public health
- Radiology
- Recreation therapy
- Rehabilitation medicine
- Respiratory medicine
- Pulmonology
- Sleep medicine
- Respiratory therapy
- Rheumatology
- Sports medicine
- Surgery
- Bariatric surgery
- Cardiothoracic surgery
- Neurosurgery
- Plastic surgery
- Traumatology
- Urology
|
Human physical performance and recreation*[edit]
- Biomechanics / Sports biomechanics
- Sports coaching
- Dance (outline)
- Ergonomics
- Physical fitness
- Group Fitness / aerobics
- Personal trainer / Personal fitness training
- Game design
- Exercise physiology
- Kinesiology / Exercise science / Human performance
|
- Leisure studies
- Physical education / Pedagogy
- Sociology of sport
- Sexology
- Sports journalism / sportscasting
- Sport management
- Sport psychology
- Sports medicine
- Toy and amusement design
|
Journalism, media studies and communication[edit]
Main articles: Journalism, Media studies, and Communication studies
- Journalism (outline)
- Broadcast journalism
- Literary journalism
- New media journalism
- Print journalism
- Sports journalism / sportscasting
- Media studies (Mass media)
- Newspaper
- Magazine
- Radio (outline)
- Television (outline)
- Internet (outline)
|
- Communication studies
- Advertising
- Animal communication
- Communication design
- Environmental communication
- Information theory
- Intercultural communication
- Marketing (outline)
- Mass communication
- Nonverbal communication
- Organizational communication
- Propaganda
- Public relations (outline)
- Speech communication
- Technical writing
- Translation
|
Law[edit]
Main articles: Law and Outline of law
- Canon law
- Comparative law
- Constitutional law
- Competition law
- Criminal law
- Criminal procedure
- Criminal justice (outline)
- Police science
- Forensic science (outline)
- Islamic law
- Jewish law
- Jurisprudence (Philosophy of Law)
|
- Civil law
- Admiralty law
- Animal law/Animal rights
- Corporations
- Civil procedure
- Contract law
- Environmental law
- International law
- Labor law
- Paralegal studies
- Property law
- Tax law
- Tort law
|
Library and museum studies[edit]
Main articles: Library science and Museology
- Archival science
- Bibliometrics
- Conservation science
|
- Informatics
- Information architecture
- Museology
|
Military sciences[edit]
Main article: Military science
- Amphibious warfare
- Artillery
- Campaigning
- Military engineering
- Doctrine
- Game theory
- Leadership
- Logistics
- Military history
- Military intelligence
|
- Military law
- Military medicine
- Naval science
- Naval engineering
- Naval tactics
- Naval architecture
- Weapons systems
- Strategy
- Tactics
|
Public administration[edit]
Main article: Public administration
- Corrections
- Conservation biology
- Criminal justice (outline)
- Emergency management
- Fire safety (Structural fire protection)
- Fire ecology (Wildland fire management)
- Governmental affairs
- International affairs
- Peace and conflict studies
- Police science
- Public administration
- Nonprofit administration
- Non-governmental organization (NGO) administration
|
- Public policy
- Agricultural policy
- Defense policy
- Domestic policy
- Education policy
- Health policy
- Housing policy
- Labor policy
- Social policy
- Drug policy
- Energy policy
- Environmental policy
- Fiscal policy
- Foreign policy
- Immigration policy
- Trade policy
|
Social work[edit]
- Child welfare
- Community practice
- Community organizing
- Social policy
|
- Corrections
- Gerontology
- Medical social work
- Mental health
- School social work
|
Transportation[edit]
Main article: Transportation theory
- Highway safety
- Infographics
- Intermodal transportation studies
|
- Marine transportation
- Operations research
- Mass transit
|
See also[edit]
Main article: Branches of science
- Academia
- Academic genealogy
- Curriculum
- Interdisciplinarity
- Transdisciplinary studies
- Classification of Instructional Programs
- Joint Academic Classification of Subjects
- Outline of education
- List of fields of doctoral studies
Notes[edit]
- ^ Andrew Abbott, Chaos of Disciplines University Of Chicago Press 2001 ISBN 0-226-00101-6
- ^ History of Education, Encyclopædia Britannica (1977, 15th edition), Macropaedia Volume 6, p. 337
References[edit]
- Andrew Abbott, Chaos of Disciplines University Of Chicago Press 2001 ISBN 0-226-00101-6
- Alexandra Oleson & John Voss (eds) The Organization of Knowledge in Modern America, 1860-1920 Johns Hopkins University Press 1979 ISBN 0-8018-2108-8
- US Department of Education Institute of Education Sciences. Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP). National Center for Education Statistics.
External links[edit]
- Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP 2000): Developed by the U.S. Department of Education's National Center for Education Statistics to provide a taxonomic scheme that will support the accurate tracking, assessment, and reporting of fields of study and program completions activity.
- Complete JACS (Joint Academic Classification of Subjects) from Higher Education Statistics Agency (HESA) in the United Kingdom
- Australian and New Zealand Standard Research Classification (ANZSRC 2008) (web-page) Chapter 3 and Appendix 1: Fields of research classification.