WordNet
- in an unfruitful manner
- failing to accomplish an intended result; "an abortive revolt"; "a stillborn plot to assassinate the President" (同)stillborn, unsuccessful
PrepTutorEJDIC
- 不成功の,失敗に終わった / 流産の / 発育不全の
English Journal
- Antibiotic-dependent expression of early transcription factor subunits leads to stringent control of vaccinia virus replication.
- Hagen CJ1, Titong A1, Sarnoski EA1, Verardi PH2.Author information 1Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary Science and Center of Excellence for Vaccine Research, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, United States.2Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary Science and Center of Excellence for Vaccine Research, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, United States. Electronic address: paulo.verardi@uconn.edu.AbstractThe use of vaccinia virus (VACV) as the vaccine against variola virus resulted in the eradication of smallpox. VACV has since been used in the development of recombinant vaccine and therapeutic vectors, but complications associated with uncontrolled viral replication have constrained its use as a live viral vector. We propose to improve the safety of VACV as a live-replicating vector by using elements of the tet operon to control the transcription of genes that are essential for viral growth. Poxviruses encode all enzymes and factors necessary for their replication within the host cell cytoplasm. One essential VACV factor is the vaccinia early transcription factor (VETF) packaged into the viral core. This heterodimeric protein is required for expression of early VACV genes. VETF is composed of a large subunit encoded by the A7L gene and a small subunit encoded by the D6R gene. Two recombinant VACVs were generated in which either the A7L or D6R gene was placed under the control of tet operon elements to allow their transcription, and therefore viral replication, to be dependent on tetracycline antibiotics such as doxycycline. In the absence of inducers, no plaques were produced but abortively infected cells could be identified by expression of a reporter gene. In the presence of doxycycline, both recombinant viruses replicated indistinguishably from the wild-type strain. This stringent control of VACV replication can be used for the development of safer, next-generation VACV vaccines and therapeutic vectors. Such replication-inducible VACVs would only replicate when administered with tetracycline antibiotics, and if adverse events were to occur, treatment would be as simple as antibiotic cessation.
- Virus research.Virus Res.2014 Jan 3. pii: S0168-1702(13)00479-6. doi: 10.1016/j.virusres.2013.12.033. [Epub ahead of print]
- The use of vaccinia virus (VACV) as the vaccine against variola virus resulted in the eradication of smallpox. VACV has since been used in the development of recombinant vaccine and therapeutic vectors, but complications associated with uncontrolled viral replication have constrained its use as a li
- PMID 24394294
- IFI16 DNA Sensor Is Required for Death of Lymphoid CD4 T Cells Abortively Infected with HIV.
- Monroe KM, Yang Z, Johnson JR, Geng X, Doitsh G, Krogan NJ, Greene WC.Author information Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology, 1650 Owens Street, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA. University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA. QB3, California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA. Executive Chairman, Accordia Global Health Foundation, USA.AbstractThe progressive depletion of quiescent "bystander" CD4 T cells, which are non-permissive to HIV infection, is a principal driver of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). These cells undergo abortive infection characterized by the cytosolic accumulation of incomplete HIV reverse transcripts. These viral DNAs are sensed by an unidentified host sensor that triggers an innate immune response, leading to caspase-1 activation and pyroptosis. Using unbiased proteomic and targeted biochemical approaches, as well as two independent methods of lentiviral short hairpin RNA-mediated gene knockdown in primary CD4 T cells, we identify interferon-gamma-inducible protein 16 (IFI16) as a host DNA sensor required for CD4 T cell death due to abortive HIV infection. These findings provide insights into a key host pathway that plays a central role in CD4 T cell depletion during disease progression to AIDS.
- Science (New York, N.Y.).Science.2013 Dec 19. [Epub ahead of print]
- The progressive depletion of quiescent "bystander" CD4 T cells, which are non-permissive to HIV infection, is a principal driver of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). These cells undergo abortive infection characterized by the cytosolic accumulation of incomplete HIV reverse transcripts.
- PMID 24356113
- Reovirus replication protein μ2 influences cell tropism by promoting particle assembly within viral inclusions.
- Ooms LS, Jerome WG, Dermody TS, Chappell JD.Author information Departments of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.AbstractThe double-stranded RNA virus mammalian reovirus displays broad cell, tissue, and host tropism. A critical checkpoint in the reovirus replication cycle resides within viral cytoplasmic inclusions, which are biosynthetic centers of genome multiplication and new-particle assembly. Replication of strain type 3 Dearing (T3) is arrested in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells at a step subsequent to inclusion development and prior to formation of genomic double-stranded RNA. This phenotype is primarily regulated by viral replication protein μ2. To understand how reovirus inclusions differ in productively and abortively infected MDCK cells, we used confocal immunofluorescence and thin-section transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to probe inclusion organization and particle morphogenesis. Although no abnormalities in inclusion morphology or viral protein localization were observed in T3-infected MDCK cells using confocal microscopy, TEM revealed markedly diminished production of mature progeny virions. T3 inclusions were less frequent and smaller than those formed by T3-T1M1, a productively replicating reovirus strain, and contained decreased numbers of complete particles. T3 replication was enhanced when cells were cultivated at 31°C, and inclusion ultrastructure at low-temperature infection more closely resembled that of a productive infection. These results indicate that particle assembly in T3-infected MDCK cells is defective, possibly due to a temperature-sensitive structural or functional property of μ2. Thus, reovirus cell tropism can be governed by interactions between viral replication proteins and the unique cell environment that modulate efficiency of particle assembly.
- Journal of virology.J Virol.2012 Oct;86(20):10979-87. Epub 2012 Jul 25.
- The double-stranded RNA virus mammalian reovirus displays broad cell, tissue, and host tropism. A critical checkpoint in the reovirus replication cycle resides within viral cytoplasmic inclusions, which are biosynthetic centers of genome multiplication and new-particle assembly. Replication of strai
- PMID 22837214
Japanese Journal
- Insights from lactic acid bacteria into mechanisms of high pressure adaptation
- Effect of Explants and Genotypes on Primary Somatic Embryogenesis in Black Pepper (Piper nigrum L.)
- The Significant Developmental Stage for Determining Whether a Pistil Will Grow Normally or Abortively, in Cleome spinosa
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- 関
- abort、abortion、agenesis、hypoplasia、hypotrophy、miscarriage、miscarry、premature birth、premature delivery、premature labor、premature obstetric labor、preterm、preterm birth、preterm delivery、preterm labor、preterm labour、spontaneous abortion、unsuccessful