アブイニシオ、第一原理による、最初からの、非経験的な

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the eleventh month of the civil year; the fifth month of the ecclesiastical year in the Jewish calendar (in July and August) (同)Av
the blood group whose red cells carry both the A and B antigens (同)type_AB, group AB
in bed

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寝床に(in bed)

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/09/24 16:08:07」(JST)

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ab initio（ab initio：元はラテン語なのでイタリックでの表記が正式）は、いわゆる第一原理とほぼ同義の言葉。化学系でよく使われるが、物理学および生物学の分野でも使用される。

“アブイニショ”、“アブイニシォ”のように発音するが、この言葉にぴったりと対応する日本語は存在しない。元々はラテン語で、”最初から”、”初めから”という意味がある。

参考文献

外部リンク

Ab initio (/ˌæbɨˈnɪʃi.oʊ/ AB-i-NISH-ee-oh)^[1] is a Latin term meaning "from the beginning" and is derived from the Latin ab ("from") + initio, ablative singular of initium ("beginning").

Etymology

c.1600, from L., lit. "from the beginning", from ablative case of initium "entrance, beginning", related to verb inire "to go into, enter upon, begin".^[2]

Uses

Abbr.: Ab init. Ab initio is used in several contexts:

when describing literature: told from the beginning as opposed to in medias res (meaning starting in the middle of the story)
when describing a subject or a module, say when a person is learning French from the beginning, he is said to be a student of French ab initio
as a legal term: refers to something being the case from the start or from the instant of the act, rather than from when the court declared it so. A judicial declaration of the invalidity of a marriage ab initio is a nullity.
in science: A calculation is said to be ab initio (or "from first principles") if it relies on basic and established laws of nature without additional assumptions or special models. For example, an ab initio calculation of the properties of liquid water might start with the properties of the constituent hydrogen and oxygen atoms and the laws of electrostatics and quantum mechanics. From these basics, the properties of isolated individual water molecules would be derived, followed by computations of the interactions of larger and larger groups of water molecules, until the bulk properties of water had been determined.
in chemistry: an abbreviation referring to ab initio quantum chemistry methods.
in biophysics: a method for the prediction of protein structures in protein folding
in aviation: The very first stage of flight training.
as part of some educational qualifications: foreign languages may be taken ab initio (for beginners, of a language) during the two year IB period. This as compared to level B which assumes some level of proficiency.
in bioinformatics: ab initio is a term used to define methods for making predictions about biological features using only a computational model without extrinsic comparison to existing data. In this context, it may be sometimes interchangeable with the Latin term de novo.

Law

In law, void means of no legal effect. An action, document or transaction which is void is of no legal effect whatsoever: an absolute nullity - the law treats it as if it had never existed or happened.

The term "void ab initio", which means "to be treated as invalid from the outset", comes from adding the Latin phrase "ab initio" as a qualifier. For example, in many jurisdictions where a person signs a contract under duress, that contract is treated as being "void ab initio".

A proposition in law that a court's jurisdiction, a certain document which purports to affect legal rights, or an act which purports to affect legal rights, is or was null and void from the start, from its beginning, because of some vitiating element.

Typically, documents or acts which are void ab initio cannot be fixed and where a jurisdiction, a document or an act is so declared at law to be void ab initio, the parties are returned to their respective positions at the beginning of the event.

"Void ab initio" is often contrasted with "voidable", such documents which become void only as of the date of the judicial declaration to this effect and not, as with void ab initio, as if they never existed.

An insurer facing a claim from an insured who had deceived the insurer on a material fact, would claim that the insurance contract was void ab initio; that it was null and void from the beginning and that since there was no legally enforceable contract, the insurer ought not to have to pay.^[3]

References

^ Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary
^ "Etymology for ab initio". "etymonline.com". Retrieved 7 February 2010.
^ "Legal definition at Duhaime.org". "duhaime.org". Archived from the original on 14 February 2010. Retrieved 7 February 2010.

External links

Look up ab initio in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

Definition at Dictionary.com

UpToDate Contents

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English Journal

Synthesis, electronic structure investigation of 3-pentyl-2,6-di(furan-2-yl)piperidin-4-one by FT-IR, FT-Raman and UV-Visible spectral studies and ab initio/DFT calculations.

Arockia Doss M1, Savithiri S1, Rajarajan G2, Thanikachalam V1, Anbuselvan C1.
Spectrochimica acta. Part A, Molecular and biomolecular spectroscopy.Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc.2015 Dec 5;151:773-84. doi: 10.1016/j.saa.2015.07.024. Epub 2015 Jul 6.
FT-IR and FT-Raman spectra of 3-pentyl-2,6-di(furan-2-yl) piperidin-4-one (3-PFPO) were recorded in the solid phase. The structural and spectroscopic analyses of 3-PFPO were made by using B3LYP/HF level with 6-311++G(d, p) basis set. The fundamental vibrations are assigned on the basis of the total
PMID 26172464

Interplay between H⋯O, H⋯X, X⋯O and X⋯X interactions in the complex pairing of formyl halides with hypohalous acids.

Zabardasti A1, Sharifi-Rad A2, Kakanejadifard A2.
Spectrochimica acta. Part A, Molecular and biomolecular spectroscopy.Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc.2015 Dec 5;151:746-59. doi: 10.1016/j.saa.2015.07.047. Epub 2015 Jul 8.
Ab initio study of the complexes formed by hypohalous acids (HOX, X=F, Cl, Br and I) with formyl halides (HCOY, Y=F, Cl, Br and I) has been carried out at the MP2/aug-cc-pVDZ computational level. These molecules can do a vast kind of H⋯O, H⋯X, X⋯O and X⋯Y interactions. The nature of the halo
PMID 26172462

r0 Structural parameters, conformational, vibrational studies and ab initio calculations of cyanocyclopentane.

Sawant DK1, Klaassen JJ1, Gounev TK1, Durig JR2.
Spectrochimica acta. Part A, Molecular and biomolecular spectroscopy.Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc.2015 Dec 5;151:468-79. doi: 10.1016/j.saa.2015.06.116. Epub 2015 Jun 30.
The infrared and Raman spectra (3100-50cm(-1)) of the gas, liquid or solution, and solid have been recorded of cyanocyclopentane, c-C5H9CN. Variable temperature (-60 to -100°C) studies of the infrared spectra (3100-400cm(-1)) of the sample dissolved in liquid xenon have been carried out. From these
PMID 26151436

Japanese Journal

State-Selective Differential Cross Section Measurements for the One-Electron Capture Process in C3+–He and C3+–Ne Systems at <italic>E</italic>lab= 33 eV

Itoh Yoh
Journal of the Physical Society of Japan 84(6), 2015-05-25
NAID 160000000737

State-Selective Differential Cross Section Measurements for the One-Electron Capture Process in C3+ -He and C3+ -Ne Systems at Elab = 33 eV

伊藤陽
Journal of the Physical Society of Japan 84(6), 064301-1-064301-6, 2015-05
… A classical trajectory analysis within the two-state approximation based on the ab initio potentials for (CHe)3+ revealed that these structures observed are ascribed to the reactions that occur in different trajectories. …
NAID 120005611762