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the 24th letter of the Roman alphabet (同)x, ex

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Christ / Christian
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English Journal

Detection of Ralstonia solanacearum from Asymptomatic Tomato Plants, Irrigation Water, and Soil Through Non-selective Enrichment Medium with hrp Gene-Based Bio-PCR.

Singh D1, Sinha S, Yadav DK, Chaudhary G.Author information 1Division of Plant Pathology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India, dinesh_iari@rediffmail.com.AbstractBacterial wilt of tomato caused by Ralstonia solanacearum (Smith) Yabuuchi et al. (Microbiol Immunol 39:897-904, 1995) is a serious disease, which causes losses up to 60 % depending on environmental conditions, soil property, and cultivars. In present investigation, nucleotide sequences of virulence, hypersensitive response and pathogenicity (hrp) gene were used to design a pair of primer (Hrp_rs 2F: 5'-AGAGGTCGACGCGATACAGT-3' and Hrp_rs 2R: 5'-CATGAGCAAGGACGAAGTCA-3') for amplification of bacterial genome. The genomic DNA of 27 isolates of R. solanacearum race 1 biovar 3 & 4 was amplified at 323 bp. The specificity of primer was tested on 13 strains of R. solanacearum with other group of bacteria such as Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, X. campestris pv. campestris, and X. citri subsp. citri. Primer amplified DNA fragment of R. solanacearum at 323 bp. The sensitivity of the primer was 200 cfu/ml and improved further detection level by using non-specific enrichment medium casamino acids-pepton-glucose broth followed by PCR (BIO-PCR). Out of 130 samples of asymptomatic tomato plants, irrigation water, and soil collected from bacterial wilt infested field in different agro-climatic regions of India, R. solanacearum was detected from 86.9, 88.5, and 90.9 per cents samples using BIO-PCR, respectively. The primer was found specific for detecting viable and virulent strains of R. solanacearum and useful for the diagnosis of R. solanacearum in tomato seedlings and monitoring of pathogen in irrigation water and soil.
Current microbiology.Curr Microbiol.2014 Mar 25. [Epub ahead of print]
Bacterial wilt of tomato caused by Ralstonia solanacearum (Smith) Yabuuchi et al. (Microbiol Immunol 39:897-904, 1995) is a serious disease, which causes losses up to 60 % depending on environmental conditions, soil property, and cultivars. In present investigation, nucleotide sequences of virulenc
PMID 24663688

Physiological and genetic analysis of CO2-induced breakdown of self-incompatibility in Brassica rapa.

Lao X1, Suwabe K, Niikura S, Kakita M, Iwano M, Takayama S.Author information 1Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan.AbstractSelf-incompatibility (SI) of the Brassicaceae family can be overcome by CO2 gas treatment. This method has been used for decades as an effective means to obtain a large amount of inbred seeds which can then be used for F1 hybrid seed production; however, the molecular mechanism by which CO2 alters the SI pathway has not been elucidated. In this study, to obtain new insights into the mechanism of CO2-induced SI breakdown, the focus was on two inbred lines of Brassica rapa (syn. campestris) with different CO2 sensitivity. Physiological examination using X-ray microanalysis suggested that SI breakdown in the CO2-sensitive line was accompanied by a significant accumulation of calcium at the pollen-stigma interface. Pre-treatment of pollen or pistil with CO2 gas before pollination showed no effect on the SI reaction, suggesting that some physiological process after pollination is necessary for SI to be overcome. Genetic analyses using F1 progeny of a CO2-sensitive×CO2-insensitive cross suggested that CO2 sensitivity is a semi-dominant trait in these lines. Analysis of F2 progeny suggested that CO2 sensitivity could be a quantitative trait, which is controlled by more than one gene. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) analyses identified two major loci, BrSIO1 and BrSIO2, which work additively in overcoming SI during CO2 treatment. No QTL was detected at the loci previously shown to affect SI stability, suggesting that CO2 sensitivity is determined by novel genes. The QTL data presented here should be useful for determining the responsible genes, and for the marker-assisted selection of desirable parental lines with stable but CO2-sensitive SI in F1 hybrid breeding.
Journal of experimental botany.J Exp Bot.2014 Mar;65(4):939-51. doi: 10.1093/jxb/ert438. Epub 2013 Dec 27.
Self-incompatibility (SI) of the Brassicaceae family can be overcome by CO2 gas treatment. This method has been used for decades as an effective means to obtain a large amount of inbred seeds which can then be used for F1 hybrid seed production; however, the molecular mechanism by which CO2 alters t
PMID 24376255

A bacterial type III secretion assay for delivery of fungal effector proteins into wheat.

Upadhyaya NM, Mago R, Staskawicz BJ, Ayliffe MA, Ellis JG, Dodds PN.AbstractLarge numbers of candidate effectors from fungal pathogens are being identified through whole-genome sequencing and in planta expression studies. Although Agrobacterium-mediated transient expression has enabled high-throughput functional analysis of effectors in dicot plants, this assay is not effective in cereal leaves. Here, we show that a nonpathogenic Pseudomonas fluorescens engineered to express the type III secretion system (T3SS) of P. syringae and the wheat pathogen Xanthomonas translucens can deliver fusion proteins containing T3SS signals from P. syringae (AvrRpm1) and X. campestris (AvrBs2) avirulence (Avr) proteins, respectively, into wheat leaf cells. A calmodulin-dependent adenylate cyclase reporter protein was delivered effectively into wheat and barley by both bacteria. Absence of any disease symptoms with P. fluorescens makes it more suitable than X. translucens for detecting a hypersensitive response (HR) induced by an effector protein with avirulence activity. We further modified the delivery system by removal of the myristoylation site from the AvrRpm1 fusion to prevent its localization to the plasma membrane which could inhibit recognition of an Avr protein. Delivery of the flax rust AvrM protein by the modified delivery system into transgenic tobacco leaves expressing the corresponding M resistance protein induced a strong HR, indicating that the system is capable of delivering a functional rust Avr protein. In a preliminary screen of effectors from the stem rust fungus Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici, we identified one effector that induced a host genotype-specific HR in wheat. Thus, the modified AvrRpm1:effector-Pseudomonas fluorescens system is an effective tool for large-scale screening of pathogen effectors for recognition in wheat.
Molecular plant-microbe interactions : MPMI.Mol Plant Microbe Interact.2014 Mar;27(3):255-64. doi: 10.1094/MPMI-07-13-0187-FI.
Large numbers of candidate effectors from fungal pathogens are being identified through whole-genome sequencing and in planta expression studies. Although Agrobacterium-mediated transient expression has enabled high-throughput functional analysis of effectors in dicot plants, this assay is not effec
PMID 24156769

Japanese Journal

クエン酸可溶性含量を指標とした家畜ふん堆肥中リン酸およびカリウムの肥効評価 : コマツナのポット栽培による検討

小田部裕,藤田裕,植田稔宏 [他]
日本土壌肥料学雑誌 85(5), 461-465, 2014-10
NAID 40020240657

Directional transfer of a multiple-allele male sterile line in Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensis (L.) Makino var. rosularis Tsen et Lee

Wang Qiu Shi,Zhang Xi,Li Cheng Yu [他]
Breeding science 64(2), 149-155, 2014-06
NAID 40020109354

Gibberellic acid-mediated male sterility during gametogenesis of <I>Brassica campestris</I> L.

Kumar Girjesh,Dwivedi Kshama
Chromosome Botany 9(3), 59-63, 2014
… The present work was done to elucidate the impact of gibberellic acid (GA3) on male meiosis of <I>Brassica campestris</I> …
NAID 130004691254