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act so as to bring into existence; "effect a change"
a symptom caused by an illness or a drug; "the effects of sleep loss"; "the effect of the anesthetic"
(of a law) having legal validity; "the law is still in effect" (同)force
the central meaning or theme of a speech or literary work (同)essence, burden, core, gist
an impression (especially one that is artificial or contrived); "he just did it for effect"
produce; "The scientists set up a shock wave" (同)effectuate, set_up
German classical scholar who claimed that the Iliad and Odyssey were composed by several authors (1759-1824) (同)Friedrich August Wolf
Austrian composer (1860-1903) (同)Hugo Wolf
property of a personal character that is portable but not used in business; "she left some of her personal effects in the house"; "I watched over their effects until they returned" (同)personal_effects
German anatomist (1733-1794) (同)Kaspar Friedrich Wolff

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〈C〉〈U〉『結果』 / 〈C〉〈U〉(…への)『効果』,効きめ,影響《+『on』(『upon』)+『名』》 / 〈C〉(色・音・形などの)印象,感銘 / 《複数形で》品物;身の回り品;動産,財産 / (結果として)…‘を'『もたらす』;〈目的など〉‘を'果たす,遂行する

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/03/13 03:28:18」(JST)

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The Wolff–Chaikoff effect (pronounced "woolf' cha'kof"),^[1] discovered by Drs. Jan Wolff and Israel Lyon Chaikoff at the University of California, is a reduction in thyroid hormone levels caused by ingestion of a large amount of iodine.^[2] In 1948, Wolff and Chaikoff reported that injection of iodine in rats almost completely inhibited organification (thyroglobulin iodination) in the thyroid gland.^[3]^[4] Patients with Graves' disease are more sensitive than euthyroid patients,^[5] and iodine has been used to manage Graves' disease.

The Wolff–Chaikoff effect is an autoregulatory phenomenon that inhibits organification in the thyroid gland, the formation of thyroid hormones inside the thyroid follicle, and the release of thyroid hormones into the bloodstream.^[6] This becomes evident secondary to elevated levels of circulating iodide. The Wolff - Chaikoff effect is an effective means of rejecting a large quantity of imbibed iodide, and therefore preventing the thyroid from synthesizing large quantities of thyroid hormone.^[7] Excess iodide transiently inhibits thyroid iodide organification. In individuals with a normal thyroid, the gland eventually escapes from this inhibitory effect and iodide organification resumes; however, in patients with underlying autoimmune thyroid disease, the suppressive action of high iodide may persist.^[8] The Wolff–Chaikoff effect lasts several days (around 10 days), after which it is followed by an "escape phenomenon,"^[9] which is described by resumption of normal organification of iodine and normal thyroid peroxidase function. "Escape phenomenon" is believed to occur because of decreased inorganic iodine concentration secondary to down-regulation of sodium-iodide symporter (NIS) on the basolateral membrane of the thyroid follicular cell.

The Wolff–Chaikoff effect can be used as a treatment principle against hyperthyroidism (especially thyroid storm) by infusion of a large amount of iodine to suppress the thyroid gland. Iodide was used to treat hyperthyroidism before antithyroid drugs such as propylthiouracil and methimazole were developed. Hyperthyroid subjects given iodide may experience a decrease in basal metabolic rate that is comparable to that seen after thyroidectomy.^[6] The Wolff–Chaikoff effect also explains the hypothyroidism produced in some patients by several iodine-containing drugs, including amiodarone. The Wolff–Chaikoff effect is also part of the mechanism for the use of potassium iodide in nuclear emergencies.^[10]^[11]^[12]

References

^ Dorland (2011). Dorland's Illustrated Medical Dictionary. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 2083. ISBN 9781416062578.
^ Physiology: 5/5ch5/s5ch5_6 - Essentials of Human Physiology
^ Panneels, V.; Juvenal, G.; Boeynaems, J.M.; Durmont, J.E.; Sande, J. Van (2009). "Iodide Effects on the Thyroid: Biochemical, Physiological, Pharmacological, and Clinical Effects of Iodide in the Thyroid". In Preedy, Victor R.; Burrow, Gerard N.; Watson, Ronald Ross. Comprehensive Handbook of Iodine: Nutritional, Biochemical, Pathological and Therapeutic Aspects. Academic Press. p. 304. ISBN 9780080920863.
^ Wolff J, Chaikoff IL (1948). "Plasma inorganic iodide as a homeostatic regulator of thyroid function". J Biol Chem 174 (2): 555–564. PMID 18865621.
^ King; Tekoa, Mary Brucker (2010). Pharmacology for Women's Health. Jones & Bartlett Learning. p. 549. ISBN 9780763753290.
^ ^a ^b Goodman, Louis Sanford; Gilman, Alfred Goodman (1996). Goodman and Gilman's the pharmacological basis of therapeutics (9th ed.). McGraw-Hill. p. 1402. ISBN 978-0-07-026266-9.
^ Markou, K (May 2001). "Iodine induced hypothyroidism". Thyroid 11 (5): 501–10. doi:10.1089/105072501300176462. PMID 11396709.
^ dennis L. Kasper, stephen L. Hauser, J. Larry Jameson, Anthony s. fauci, dan L. Longo, Joseph Loscalzo (2015). Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine. 19th Edition. McGraw-Hill Education. P: 2285. ISBN 978-0-07-180216-1
^ Eng P, Cardona G, Fang S, Previti M, Alex S, Carrasco N, Chin W, Braverman L (1999). "Escape from the acute Wolff-Chaikoff effect is associated with a decrease in thyroid sodium/iodide symporter messenger ribonucleic acid and protein". Endocrinology 140 (8): 3404–10. doi:10.1210/en.140.8.3404. PMID 10433193.
^ Sternthal E, Lipworth L, Stanley B, Abreau C, Fang SL, Braverman LE (1980). "Suppression of thyroid radioiodine uptake by various doses of stable iodide". N Engl J Med 303 (19): 1083–8. doi:10.1056/nejm198011063031903. PMID 7421914. The effect is rapid because of rapid inhibition of intrathyroid organification of iodide (acute Wolff–Chaikoff effect) and saturation of the iodide-transport mechanism.
^ Becker DV (1983). "Physiological basis for the use of potassium iodide as a thyroid blocking agent logistic issues in its distribution" (PDF). Bull N Y Acad Med 59 (10): 1003–8. PMC 1911930. PMID 6582961. In larger amounts [potassium iodide] acts immediately to block further uptake of iodide by several means, particularly by saturating the iodide transport mechanisms of the thyroid, by inhibiting the intrathyroidal organification of iodide, and by simple dilution.
^ Adelstein SJ (1991). "Intervention procedures for radionuclides." Anticarcinogenesis and Radiation Protection 2. Springer US. pp. 227-8. "'Cold' iodide is effective in four ways: (a) by diluting the entering iodide pool; (b) by saturating the iodide transport system; (c) by blocking organification of iodide and thus inhibiting thyroid hormone synthesis (the Wolff-Chaikoff effect); and (d) by promoting excretion and thus lowering the total body dose."

UpToDate Contents

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1. ヨード誘発性甲状腺機能異常症 iodine induced thyroid dysfunction
2. アミオダロンと甲状腺機能障害 amiodarone and thyroid dysfunction
3. ヨウ素による甲状腺機能亢進症の治療 iodine in the treatment of hyperthyroidism
4. 慢性腎疾患における甲状腺機能 thyroid function in chronic kidney disease
5. 甲状腺クリーゼ thyroid storm

English Journal

Inhibition of intrathyroidal dehalogenation by iodide.

Solis-S JC, Villalobos P, Orozco A, Delgado G, Quintanar-Stephano A, Garcia-Solis P, Hernandez-Montiel HL, Robles-Osorio L, Valverde-R C.SourceDepartment of Biomedical Research, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Queretaro, Clavel 200, Queretaro, Queretaro 76017, Mexico. carlos.solis@uaq.mx
The Journal of endocrinology.J Endocrinol.2011 Jan;208(1):89-96. doi: 10.1677/JOE-10-0300. Epub 2010 Oct 25.
Iodide is a trace element and a key component of thyroid hormones (TH). The availability of this halogen is the rate-limiting step for TH synthesis; therefore, thyroidal iodide uptake and recycling during TH synthesis are of major importance in maintaining an adequate supply. In the rat, the thyroid
PMID 20974636

Ulcerative subcutaneous zygomycosis: development of hypothyroidism induced by potassium iodide (Wolff-Chaikoff effect).

Madke B, Chikhalkar S, Mahajan S, Kharkar V, Khopkar U.
Indian journal of dermatology, venereology and leprology.Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol.2010 Jul-Aug;76(4):431-3. doi: 10.4103/0378-6323.66604.
PMID 20657138

Japanese Journal

治療無機ヨード治療の位置づけ (特集バセドウ病の診療に必要な知識)

百渓尚子,田尻淳一
内分泌・糖尿病・代謝内科 32(5), 454-461, 2011-05
NAID 40018905222

Related Pictures

Medicowesome: Wolff–Chaikoff effect mnemonic Thyroid Benign Slides Thyroid tute - 3rd year notes Wolff-Chaikoff Effect and Escape: Explained - YouTube The Wolff–Chaikoff Effect | Download Scientific Diagram WOLFF CHAIKOFF EFFECT and JOD BASEDOW PHENOMENON | EXCESS IODINE INTAKE | in 5 minutes (PDF) A Review: Radiographic Iodinated Contrast Media-Induced Thyroid Dysfunction Wolff–Chaikoff Effect, 978-613-2-21043-2, 6132210431 ,9786132210432

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リンク元	「ウォルフ・チャイコフ効果」
関連記事	「effect」「effected」

「ウォルフ・チャイコフ効果」

　　[★]

英: Wolff-Chaikoff effect
同: Wolff-Chaikoff効果
関: 無機ヨード療法

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ウォルフ・チャイコフ効果 : 58 件
ヴォルフ・チャイコフ効果 : 58 件
ウルフ・チャイコフ効果 : 58 件

「effect」

　　[★]

n.

結果。遂行、成就。
効果。効力。効き目、効能、影響。
[美術・芸術]色彩、形の配合、光景、趣き、印象。外観、見え、体裁
趣旨、意図。本質、基本的意味

vt.

(変化などを)もたらす。(目的・計画など)果たす、遂げる。実施/施行する

関: act, action, affect, efficacy, impact, impinge, indication, influence, potency, effected

「effected」

　　[★]

adj.

結果として生じる

関: effect

[dorland-1] Dorland (2011). Dorland's Illustrated Medical Dictionary. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 2083. ISBN 9781416062578.

[2] Physiology: 5/5ch5/s5ch5_6 - Essentials of Human Physiology

[3] Panneels, V.; Juvenal, G.; Boeynaems, J.M.; Durmont, J.E.; Sande, J. Van (2009). "Iodide Effects on the Thyroid: Biochemical, Physiological, Pharmacological, and Clinical Effects of Iodide in the Thyroid". In Preedy, Victor R.; Burrow, Gerard N.; Watson, Ronald Ross. Comprehensive Handbook of Iodine: Nutritional, Biochemical, Pathological and Therapeutic Aspects. Academic Press. p. 304. ISBN 9780080920863.

[4] Wolff J, Chaikoff IL (1948). "Plasma inorganic iodide as a homeostatic regulator of thyroid function". J Biol Chem 174 (2): 555–564. PMID 18865621.

[5] King; Tekoa, Mary Brucker (2010). Pharmacology for Women's Health. Jones & Bartlett Learning. p. 549. ISBN 9780763753290.

[antithyroid-6] Goodman, Louis Sanford; Gilman, Alfred Goodman (1996). Goodman and Gilman's the pharmacological basis of therapeutics (9th ed.). McGraw-Hill. p. 1402. ISBN 978-0-07-026266-9.

[7] Markou, K (May 2001). "Iodine induced hypothyroidism". Thyroid 11 (5): 501–10. doi:10.1089/105072501300176462. PMID 11396709.

[8] s L. Kasper, stephen L. Hauser, J. Larry Jameson, Anthony s. fauci, dan L. Longo, Joseph Loscalzo (2015). Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine. 19th Edition. McGraw-Hill Education. P: 2285. ISBN 978-0-07-180216-1

[9] Eng P, Cardona G, Fang S, Previti M, Alex S, Carrasco N, Chin W, Braverman L (1999). "Escape from the acute Wolff-Chaikoff effect is associated with a decrease in thyroid sodium/iodide symporter messenger ribonucleic acid and protein". Endocrinology 140 (8): 3404–10. doi:10.1210/en.140.8.3404. PMID 10433193.

[10] Sternthal E, Lipworth L, Stanley B, Abreau C, Fang SL, Braverman LE (1980). "Suppression of thyroid radioiodine uptake by various doses of stable iodide". N Engl J Med 303 (19): 1083–8. doi:10.1056/nejm198011063031903. PMID 7421914. The effect is rapid because of rapid inhibition of intrathyroid organification of iodide (acute Wolff–Chaikoff effect) and saturation of the iodide-transport mechanism.

[11] Becker DV (1983). "Physiological basis for the use of potassium iodide as a thyroid blocking agent logistic issues in its distribution" (PDF). Bull N Y Acad Med 59 (10): 1003–8. PMC 1911930. PMID 6582961. In larger amounts [potassium iodide] acts immediately to block further uptake of iodide by several means, particularly by saturating the iodide transport mechanisms of the thyroid, by inhibiting the intrathyroidal organification of iodide, and by simple dilution.

[12] Adelstein SJ (1991). "Intervention procedures for radionuclides." Anticarcinogenesis and Radiation Protection 2. Springer US. pp. 227-8. "'Cold' iodide is effective in four ways: (a) by diluting the entering iodide pool; (b) by saturating the iodide transport system; (c) by blocking organification of iodide and thus inhibiting thyroid hormone synthesis (the Wolff-Chaikoff effect); and (d) by promoting excretion and thus lowering the total body dose."

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Wolff-Chaikoff effect