ウィルコクソン符号順位検定
WordNet
- place signs, as along a road; "sign an intersection"; "This road has been signed"
- (medicine) any objective evidence of the presence of a disorder or disease; "there were no signs of asphyxiation"
- a perceptible indication of something not immediately apparent (as a visible clue that something has happened); "he showed signs of strain"; "they welcomed the signs of spring" (同)mark
- a character indicating a relation between quantities; "dont forget the minus sign"
- a fundamental linguistic unit linking a signifier to that which is signified; "The bond between the signifier and the signified is arbitrary"--de Saussure
- a gesture that is part of a sign language
- a public display of a message; "he posted signs in all the shop windows"
- engage by written agreement; "They signed two new pitchers for the next season" (同)contract, sign on, sign_up
- approve and express assent, responsibility, or obligation; "All parties ratified the peace treaty"; "Have you signed your contract yet?" (同)ratify
- communicate silently and non-verbally by signals or signs; "He signed his disapproval with a dismissive hand gesture"; "The diner signaled the waiters to bring the menu" (同)signal, signalize, signalise
- mark with ones signature; write ones name (on); "She signed the letter and sent it off"; "Please sign here" (同)subscribe
- be engaged by a written agreement; "He signed to play the casino on Dec. 18"; "The soprano signed to sing the new opera"
- communicate in sign language; "I dont know how to sign, so I could not communicate with my deaf cousin"
- very offensive in smell or taste; "a rank cigar"
- relative status; "his salary was determined by his rank and seniority"
- a row or line of people (especially soldiers or police) standing abreast of one another; "the entrance was guarded by ranks of policemen"
- take precedence or surpass others in rank (同)outrank
- growing profusely; "rank jungle vegetation"
- take or have a position relative to others; "This painting ranks among the best in the Western World"
- very fertile; producing profuse growth; "rank earth"
- undergo a test; "She doesnt test well"
- any standardized procedure for measuring sensitivity or memory or intelligence or aptitude or personality etc; "the test was standardized on a large sample of students" (同)mental test, mental testing, psychometric test
- the act of undergoing testing; "he survived the great test of battle"; "candidates must compete in a trial of skill" (同)trial
- the act of testing something; "in the experimental trials the amount of carbon was measured separately"; "he called each flip of the coin a new trial" (同)trial, run
- a hard outer covering as of some amoebas and sea urchins
- put to the test, as for its quality, or give experimental use to; "This approach has been tried with good results"; "Test this recipe" (同)prove, try, try out, examine, essay
- achieve a certain score or rating on a test; "She tested high on the LSAT and was admitted to all the good law schools"
- determine the presence or properties of (a substance)
- show a certain characteristic when tested; "He tested positive for HIV"
- an examination of the characteristics of something; "there are laboratories for commercial testing"; "it involved testing thousands of children for smallpox"
- the act of subjecting to experimental test in order to determine how well something works; "they agreed to end the testing of atomic weapons"
- having a higher rank; "superior officer" (同)superior, higher-ranking
- position on a scale in relation to others in a sport
PrepTutorEJDIC
- (ある事実・状態・感情などの)『表れ』,印,気配,徴侯(indication);(…の)こん跡,計跡《+『of』+『名』》・『身ぶり』,手まね,合図 / 『標識』,看板 / (数学・音楽などの)記号 / (…の)『象徴』,シンボル(symbol)《+『of』+『名』》・《文》(…の)『前兆』,きざし《+『of』+『名』》・宮(きゅう)(黄道12区分の一つ) ・〈手紙・書類・作品など〉‘に'『署名する』・(…に)〈名前など〉‘を'書く《+『名』+『on』(『to』)+『名』》 / …‘を'雇う契約に署名する・…‘を'合図する,知らせる;…に合図する・署名する・契約書に署名して雇われる
- 〈C〉〈U〉『階級』,等級;)相対的な)『順位』,地位: / 〈U〉高い地位(身分) / 〈C〉〈U〉(人・物の)『列』,並び;(兵隊)の横列 / 《the ranks》(また『rank and file』)(将校たちに対して)兵卒,下士官 / …‘を'『並べる』 / …‘を'『位置づける』,評価する / 《米》…‘より'上位にある / 『位置する』・「pull one's rank on 誰々」で「(誰々に)地位を悪用する; (意見が衝突したような場合に)階級をかさに着て(誰々に)命令を押しつける」
- (植物が)おい茂った,はびこった / (土地が)植物をおい茂らせた,肥えすぎた;(土地が)(植物を)おい茂らせた《+『with』+『名』》 / 悪臭を放つ,いやな味のする / 全くの,ひどい
- (人の能力などの)『試験』,考査,テスト / (物事の)『試験』,検済,試錬,実験《+of+名》 / 化学分析;試薬 / =test match / …‘を'『試験する』,検査する / …‘を'化学分析する / (…の)試験を受ける,試験をする《+for+名》
- 上位の,一流の,卓越した
Wikipedia preview
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』「2013/01/11 19:11:48」(JST)
[Wiki en表示]
The Wilcoxon signed-rank test is a non-parametric statistical hypothesis test used when comparing two related samples, matched samples, or repeated measurements on a single sample to assess whether their population mean ranks differ (i.e. it is a paired difference test). It can be used as an alternative to the paired Student's t-test, t-test for matched pairs, or the t-test for dependent samples when the population cannot be assumed to be normally distributed.[1]
The test is named for Frank Wilcoxon (1892–1965) who, in a single paper, proposed both it and the rank-sum test for two independent samples (Wilcoxon, 1945).[2] The test was popularized by Siegel (1956)[3] in his influential text book on non-parametric statistics. Siegel used the symbol T for the value defined below as . In consequence, the test is sometimes referred to as the Wilcoxon T test, and the test statistic is reported as a value of T. Other names may include the "t-test for matched pairs" or the "t-test for dependent samples".
Contents
- 1 Assumptions
- 2 Test procedure
- 3 Example
- 4 See also
- 5 References
- 6 External links
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Assumptions
- Data are paired and come from the same population.
- Each pair is chosen randomly and independent.
- The data are measured on an interval scale (ordinal is not sufficient because we take differences), but need not be normal.
Test procedure
Let be the sample size, the number of pairs. Thus, there are a total of 2N data points. For , let and denote the measurements.
- .
- For , calculate and , where is the sign function.
- Exclude pairs with . Let be the reduced sample size.
- Order the remaining pairs from smallest absolute difference to largest absolute difference, .
- Rank the pairs, starting with the smallest as 1. Ties receive a rank equal to the average of the ranks they span. Let denote the rank.
- Calculate the test statistic
- , the absolute value of the sum of the signed ranks.
- As increases, the sampling distribution of converges to a normal distribution. Thus,
- For , a z-score can be calculated as .
- If then reject
- For , is compared to a critical value from a reference table.[1]
- If then reject
- Alternatively, a p-value can be calculated from enumeration of all possible combinations of given .
Example
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1 |
125 |
110 |
1 |
15 |
2 |
115 |
122 |
–1 |
7 |
3 |
130 |
125 |
1 |
5 |
4 |
140 |
120 |
1 |
20 |
5 |
140 |
140 |
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0 |
6 |
115 |
124 |
–1 |
9 |
7 |
140 |
123 |
1 |
17 |
8 |
125 |
137 |
–1 |
12 |
9 |
140 |
135 |
1 |
5 |
10 |
135 |
145 |
–1 |
10 |
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order by absolute difference |
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5 |
140 |
140 |
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0 |
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3 |
130 |
125 |
1 |
5 |
1.5 |
1.5 |
9 |
140 |
135 |
1 |
5 |
1.5 |
1.5 |
2 |
115 |
122 |
–1 |
7 |
3 |
–3 |
6 |
115 |
124 |
–1 |
9 |
4 |
–4 |
10 |
135 |
145 |
–1 |
10 |
5 |
–5 |
8 |
125 |
137 |
–1 |
12 |
6 |
–6 |
1 |
125 |
110 |
1 |
15 |
7 |
7 |
7 |
140 |
123 |
1 |
17 |
8 |
8 |
4 |
140 |
120 |
1 |
20 |
9 |
9 |
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- is the sign function, is the absolute value, and is the rank. Notice that pairs 3 and 9 are tied in absolute value. They would be ranked 1 and 2, so each gets the average of those ranks, 1.5.
See also
- Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon test (the variant for two independent samples)
- Sign test (Like Wilcoxon test, but without the assumption of symmetric distribution of the differences around the median, and without using the magnitude of the difference)
References
- ^ a b Lowry, Richard. "Concepts & Applications of Inferential Statistics". http://faculty.vassar.edu/lowry/ch12a.html. Retrieved 24 March 2011.
- ^ Wilcoxon, Frank (Dec 1945). "Individual comparisons by ranking methods". Biometrics Bulletin 1 (6): 80–83. http://sci2s.ugr.es/keel/pdf/algorithm/articulo/wilcoxon1945.pdf.
- ^ Siegel, Sidney (1956). Non-parametric statistics for the behavioral sciences. New York: McGraw-Hill. pp. 75–83. http://books.google.com/books?ei=9cWLTfaTIcmEOs_NuM0L&ct=result&id=ebfRAAAAMAAJ&dq=Wilcoxon+statistics+for+the+behavioral+sciences+Non-parametric&q=Wilcoxon#search_anchor.
External links
- Description of how to calculate p for the Wilcoxon signed-ranks test
- Example of using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test
- An online version of the test
- A table of critical values for the Wilcoxon signed-rank test
- Discussion and table of critical values for the original Wilcoxon Rank-Sum Test, which uses a slightly different test statistic (pdf)
Implementations
- ALGLIB includes implementation of the Wilcoxon signed-rank test in C++, C#, Delphi, Visual Basic, etc.
- The free statistical software R includes an implementation of the test as
wilcox.test(x,y, paired=TRUE)
, where x and y are vectors of equal length.
- GNU Octave implements various one-tailed and two-tailed versions of the test in the
wilcoxon_test
function.
- SciPy includes an implementation of the Wilcoxon signed-rank test in Python
UpToDate Contents
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English Journal
- Optimizing multiple sequence alignments using a genetic algorithm based on three objectives: structural information, non-gaps percentage and totally conserved columns.
- Ortuño FM, Valenzuela O, Rojas F, Pomares H, Florido JP, Urquiza JM, Rojas I.SourceDepartment of Computer Architecture and Computer Technology, CITIC-UGR, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain, Bioinformatics Department, Genomics and Bioinformatics Platform of Andalusia (GBPA), 41092 Seville, Spain and Chromatin and Disease Group, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet, Barcelona 08907, Spain.
- Bioinformatics (Oxford, England).Bioinformatics.2013 Sep 1;29(17):2112-21. doi: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btt360. Epub 2013 Jun 21.
- MOTIVATION: Multiple sequence alignments (MSAs) are widely used approaches in bioinformatics to carry out other tasks such as structure predictions, biological function analyses or phylogenetic modeling. However, current tools usually provide partially optimal alignments, as each one is focused on s
- PMID 23793754
- Comparison of synthetic glues and 10-0 nylon in rabbit lamellar keratoplasty.
- Cho SY, Kim MS, Oh SJ, Chung SK.Source*Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yeouido St Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea; †Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea; and ‡Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
- Cornea.Cornea.2013 Sep;32(9):1265-8. doi: 10.1097/ICO.0b013e31829a3760.
- PURPOSES: To evaluate changes in mean keratometry and to compare wound repair with corneal lamellar grafts in rabbit eyes using human synthetic tissue adhesives and 10-0 nylon.METHODS: Corneal grafts were made using a 6.0-mm-diameter trephine and blades in the eyes of 15 New Zealand white rabbits. H
- PMID 23860428
- Acid-base and electrolyte balance following administration of three crystalloid solutions in dogs undergoing elective orthopaedic surgery.
- West E, Pettitt R, Jones RS, Cripps PJ, Mosing M.SourceSchool of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
- Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia.Vet Anaesth Analg.2013 Sep;40(5):482-93. doi: 10.1111/vaa.12021. Epub 2013 Feb 25.
- OBJECTIVE: To compare acid-base balance and incidence of hyperchloraemic metabolic acidosis following administration of three crystalloid solutions to dogs undergoing anaesthesia for orthopaedic surgery.STUDY DESIGN: Prospective, randomised, clinical study.ANIMALS: Sixty dogs.METHODS: During a non-s
- PMID 23438064
Japanese Journal
- Prevention of Children's Exposure to Second-Hand Smoke : A Biochemical Feedback Intervention Focused on Stage of Behavioral Change
- Bando Harumi,Yoshida Tohru
- The Kitakanto medical journal = 北関東医学 64(2), 125-134, 2014-05-01
- … Statistical analyses were performed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test and multivariate logistic regression analysis. …
- NAID 120005429865
- Growth of <I>Spinacia oleracea</I> under Long-Term Microwave Exposure —Survey of 1, 3, and 5 Weeks Growth in Growth Chamber—
- MIYASAKA Juro,YAMAMOTO Ryosuke,OGAWA Yuichi,SHIMIZU Hiroshi,NAKASHIMA Hiroshi,OHDOI Katsuaki,SHINOHARA Naoki,MITANI Tomohiko
- Environmental Control in Biology 52(1), 29-36, 2014
- … In the 1 and 3 week experiments, no significance was found in dry matter, fresh matter (1 week), fresh matter of above-ground part (3 weeks), cotyledon area, the second leaves area (3 weeks), and the third leaves area (3 weeks) at 5% level by Wilcoxon signed-rank test. …
- NAID 130003395216
- Bayesian Analysis of Perfusion-weighted Imaging to Predict Infarct Volume: Comparison with Singular Value Decomposition
- KUDO Kohsuke,BOUTELIER Timothé,PAUTOT Fabrice,HONJO Kaneyoshi,HU Jin-Qing,WANG Hai-Bin,SHINTAKU Katsuya,UWANO Ikuko,SASAKI Makoto
- Magnetic Resonance in Medical Sciences, 2014
- … These coefficients were compared between Bayesian and oSVD using Wilcoxon's signed rank test. …
- NAID 130003392992
Related Links
- ウィルコクソンの符号順位検定(ふごうじゅんいけんてい、Wilcoxon signed-rank test) は一対の標本によるノンパラメトリック検定法である。t検定に対応し、t検定で必要とされ る仮定が満たされない場合に用いる。ウィルコクソン(Frank Wilcoxon、1892-1965) ...
- →parametric---, Student t-test:スチューデントのt検定(2標本t検定). →non- parametric---, Mann-Whitney's U test:マン・ホイットニ検定 =Wilcoxon rank sum test(注:Wilcoxon signed rank testではない。) ...
Related Pictures
★リンクテーブル★
[★]
- 英
- Wilcoxon signed rank test
[★]
- 英
- Wilcoxon signed rank test
[★]
- 地位、順位。下級、投球
- 後位、養殖
- 列、並び。整列
- 並べる、整列させる。(~と)並べる、同列にする
- ~に等級(順位)をつける、ランク付けをする。評価する。分類する。
- ~より階級が上だ、~の上に立つ
- 位する、ランク付けされる。評価される。列する、並ぶ
- 上位を占める
- 整列する
- 関
- lie、locate、location、loci、locus、map、position、ranking、sit、situated、situation、stand、topo
[★]
- 関
- indication、manifestation、signature、stigma、stigmata、symptom、symptomatic
[★]
- 関
- assessment、data quality、exam、examination、examine、experimental design、matched group、measurement、research design、scoring method、test、trial
[★]
- 関
- receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B、receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB
- 同
- receptor activator for nuclear factor kB
[★]
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