WordNet
- a self-constituted organization to promote something (同)citizens committee
- a special group delegated to consider some matter; "a committee is a group that keeps minutes and loses hours" - Milton Berle (同)commission
- a volunteer committee to maintain order where an efficient legal system does not exist
PrepTutorEJDIC
- (米国開拓時代の)自警団
- 『委員会』;《集合的に》委員[全体]
- 警戒,用心
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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』「2015/06/19 11:48:48」(JST)
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A vigilance committee was a group formed of private citizens to administer law and order where they considered governmental structures to be inadequate. The term is commonly associated with the frontier areas of the American West in the mid-19th century, where groups attacked cattle rustlers and gangs, and people at gold mining claims. As such groups operated outside the law, they sometimes took excessive actions and killed innocent people. In the years prior to the Civil War, groups worked to free slaves and transport them to freedom.[1]
Contents
- 1 In the West
- 2 Disbandment
- 3 Nature
- 4 Vigilance Committees
- 4.1 The North
- 4.2 The South
- 4.3 The West And Midwest
- 5 Other nations and times
- 6 In film and media
- 7 Other uses of the term
- 8 See also
- 9 References
- 10 External links
In the West
In the western United States, both before and after the Civil War, the primary purpose of these committees was to maintain law and order and administer summary justice where governmental law enforcement was inadequate. In the newly settled areas, vigilance committees provided security, and mediated land disputes. In ranching areas, they ruled on ranch boundaries, registered brands, and protected cattle and horses. In the mining districts, they protected claims,[citation needed] settled claim disputes, and attempted to protect miners and other residents. In California, some residents formed vigilance committees to take control from officials whom they considered to be corrupt.
Disbandment
Vigilance committees were generally abandoned when the conditions favoring their creation ceased to exist. In the west, as governmental jurisdiction increased to the degree that courts could dispense justice, residents abandoned the committees.
Nature
Vigilance committees, by their nature, lacked an outside set of checks and balances, leaving them open for excesses and abuse.
In the West, the speed of the vigilance committees and lack of safeguards sometimes led to the innocent being hanged or to their just disappearing. A few committees were taken over by fraudulent individuals seeking profit or political office.
Vigilance Committees
The North
- Philadelphia Vigilance Committee; 1840s & 1850s, abolitionists who worked to subvert the Fugitive Slave Act and helped escaped slaves, including Henry Box Brown.
- Jackson County, Indiana Vigilance Committee (aka Scarlet Mask Society or Southern Indiana Vigilance Committee), 1868 - captured and hanged 10 members of the Reno Gang
The South
- Know-Nothing Riot; 1850s, New Orleans, Louisiana
The West And Midwest
- Committee of Vigilance; 1851 & 1856, San Francisco, California
- 3-7-77 Vigilance Committee; 1860s-1870s, Virginia City, Montana
- Anti Horse Thief Association; 1860s, organized at Fort Scott, Kansas
- Baldknobbers; 1880s, Taney, Christian and Greene Counties, Missouri
Other nations and times
- Biddulph Peace Society; 1876, Biddulph, Ontario, Canada
- Whitechapel Vigilance Committee; 1888, London, UK - founded to capture Jack the Ripper.
- Black Panther Party; 1960s, formed by African American activists against police brutality and oppression.
In film and media
- The Ox-Bow Incident (1943) is a movie directed by William A. Wellman, based on the novel of the same name written by Walter Van Tilburg Clark (19xx). The story tells of a group of men pursuing cattle rustlers, capturing and hanging them, and the moral consequences.
- "Ride in the Whirlwind" (1966) is a movie directed by Monte Hellman, written by Jack Nicholson, that tells the story of innocent men, who are thought to be part of a gang, on the run from members of a vigilance committee.
Other uses of the term
- Vigilance Committee is also a term used by some interest groups who monitor the actions of others.
See also
References
- ^ "Arthursville abolitionists ran Underground Railroad through Pittsburgh". Retrieved 9 January 2014.
- Roger D. McGrath, Gunfighters, Highwaymen and Vigilantes, Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1984. ISBN 0-520-06026-1
External links
UpToDate Contents
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English Journal
- Sleep apnea: a review of diagnostic sensors, algorithms, and therapies.
- Shokoueinejad M1, Fernandez C, Carroll E, Wang F, Levin J, Rusk S, Glattard N, Mulchrone A, Zhang X, Xie A, Teodorescu M, Dempsey J, Webster J.
- Physiological measurement.Physiol Meas.2017 Aug 18;38(9):R204-R252. doi: 10.1088/1361-6579/aa6ec6.
- PMID 28820743
- [The Jardé law, a real simplification of research in France?]
- Levy C1, Rybak A2, Cohen R3, Jung C4.
- Archives de pediatrie : organe officiel de la Societe francaise de pediatrie.Arch Pediatr.2017 Jun;24(6):571-577. doi: 10.1016/j.arcped.2017.03.012. Epub 2017 Apr 14.
- PMID 28416426
- [Prolonged weaning during early neurological and neurosurgical rehabilitation : S2k guideline published by the Weaning Committee of the German Neurorehabilitation Society (DGNR)].
- Rollnik JD1, Adolphsen J2, Bauer J3, Bertram M4, Brocke J5, Dohmen C6, Donauer E7, Hartwich M8, Heidler MD9, Huge V10, Klarmann S11, Lorenzl S12, Lück M13, Mertl-Rötzer M14, Mokrusch T15, Nowak DA16, Platz T17, Riechmann L18, Schlachetzki F19, von Helden A20, Wallesch CW21, Zergiebel D22, Pohl M23.
- Der Nervenarzt.Nervenarzt.2017 Jun;88(6):652-674. doi: 10.1007/s00115-017-0332-0.
- PMID 28484823
Japanese Journal
- 河村 義人
- 社会理論研究 = The Journal for studies of social theory : The Bulletin of ISST (15), 35-50, 2014-12
- NAID 40020364053
- Tracheo-Bronchial Obstruction and Esophageal Perforation after TEVAR for Thoracic Aortic Rupture
- Seto Tatsuichiro,Fukui Daisuke,Tanaka Haruki,Komatsu Kazunori,Ohtsu Yoshinori,Terasaki Takamitsu,Wada Yuko,Takano Tamaki,Koike Shoichiro,Amano Jun
- Annals of Vascular Diseases 7(4), 421-425, 2014
- … Despite the less invasive nature of endovascular treatment, esophageal perforation can nevertheless occur and postoperative vigilance is well warranted. …
- NAID 130004949157
- 戦後初期ポーランドにおける複数政党制と労働者党のヘゲモニー(1944-47年)
- 吉岡 潤
- スラヴ研究 (52), 1-37, 2005
- … Postwar Poland started in July 1944 with the establishment of the Polish Committee of National Liberation (the Lublin Committee) in which the communists exercised hegemonic power. … The Lublin Committee and its successor, the Provisional Government, were nominal coalition governments that consisted of four parties: the communist Polish Workers' Party (PPR), the Polish Socialist Party (PPS), the Peasant Party (SL), and the Democratic Party (SD). …
- NAID 120001492962
Related Links
- デジタルミュージック の優れたセレクションでオンラインショッピング。
- vigilance committeeとは。意味や和訳。((米))自警団. - goo英和辞書は14万項目以上を収録し、発音、音声、慣用句、例文が分かる英和辞書です。 ... プロバイダならOCN
★リンクテーブル★
[★]
- 寝ずの番をすること、警戒、用心。覚醒。(医)不眠症
- 関
- arousal, awakening, wakefulness
[★]
- 関
- commission