WordNet

any substance that can be metabolized by an animal to give energy and build tissue (同)nutrient
anything that provides mental stimulus for thinking (同)food for thought, intellectual nourishment
any solid substance (as opposed to liquid) that is used as a source of nourishment; "food and drink" (同)solid food
the physiological state produced by a poison or other toxic substance (同)toxic condition, intoxication
the act of giving poison to a person or animal with the intent to kill
curved rodlike motile bacterium (同)vibrion

PrepTutorEJDIC

〈U〉『食物』,栄養物 / 〈U〉(飲み物に対して)食べ物 / 〈C〉(特定の種類の)固形食品 / 〈U〉(動植物に)栄養を余えるもの / 〈U〉《比喩(ひゆ)的に》(心・精神の活動を刺激・奨励する)糧(かて);(思考・反省などの)資料

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1. 先進国における急性下痢の疫学および原因 epidemiology and causes of acute diarrhea in developed countries
2. 腸炎ビブリオ感染症 vibrio parahaemolyticus infections
3. セレウス菌およびその他の非炭疽菌バシラス属 bacillus cereus and other non anthracis bacillus species
4. 微生物による食中毒疾患の鑑別診断 differential diagnosis of microbial foodborne disease
5. 東南アジアへの旅行によって感染する可能性のある疾患 diseases potentially acquired by travel to southeast asia

English Journal

Molecular epidemiology and genetic variation of pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus in Peru.

Gavilan RG, Zamudio ML, Martinez-Urtaza J.Author information Instituto de Acuicultura, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Universitario Sur, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.AbstractVibrio parahaemolyticus is a foodborne pathogen that has become a public health concern at the global scale. The epidemiological significance of V. parahaemolyticus infections in Latin America received little attention until the winter of 1997 when cases related to the pandemic clone were detected in the region, changing the epidemic dynamics of this pathogen in Peru. With the aim to assess the impact of the arrival of the pandemic clone on local populations of pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus in Peru, we investigated the population genetics and genomic variation in a complete collection of non-pandemic strains recovered from clinical sources in Peru during the pre- and post-emergence periods of the pandemic clone. A total of 56 clinical strains isolated in Peru during the period 1994 to 2007, 13 strains from Chile and 20 strains from Asia were characterized by Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST) and checked for the presence of Variable Genomic Regions (VGRs). The emergence of O3:K6 cases in Peru implied a drastic disruption of the seasonal dynamics of infections and a shift in the serotype dominance of pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus. After the arrival of the pandemic clone, a great diversity of serovars not previously reported was detected in the country, which supports the introduction of additional populations cohabitating with the pandemic group. Moreover, the presence of genomic regions characteristic of the pandemic clone in other non-pandemic strains may represent early evidence of genetic transfer from the introduced population to the local communities. Finally, the results of this study stress the importance of population admixture, horizontal genetic transfer and homologous recombination as major events shaping the structure and diversity of pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus.
PLoS neglected tropical diseases.PLoS Negl Trop Dis.2013 May 16;7(5):e2210. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0002210. Print 2013.
Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a foodborne pathogen that has become a public health concern at the global scale. The epidemiological significance of V. parahaemolyticus infections in Latin America received little attention until the winter of 1997 when cases related to the pandemic clone were detected i
PMID 23696906

Isolation of pandemic Vibrio parahaemolyticus from UK water and shellfish produce.

Powell A, Baker-Austin C, Wagley S, Bayley A, Hartnell R.Author information Centre for Environment, Fisheries, and Aquaculture Science, Weymouth Laboratory, Barrack Road, Weymouth, Dorset, DT4 8UB, UK.AbstractVibrio parahaemolyticus is a Gram-negative, halophilic bacterium found commonly in temperate and warm estuarine waters worldwide. V. parahaemolyticus is considered an emerging bacterial pathogen in Europe and has been responsible for several recent seafood-associated outbreaks. During ad hoc testing of raw shellfish produce in May 2012, pandemic group (O3:K6) V. parahaemolyticus was isolated from Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas), harvested in Southern England. Follow-on testing of water and shellfish, encompassing a small number geographically diverse sites, also retrieved pandemic group isolates. These strains are amongst the most northerly pandemic strains described to date and represent the first instance of pandemic V. parahaemolyticus isolated in the UK, highlighting the expanding geographical distribution of these foodborne pathogens in the environment.
Microbial ecology.Microb Ecol.2013 May;65(4):924-7. doi: 10.1007/s00248-013-0201-8. Epub 2013 Mar 1.
Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a Gram-negative, halophilic bacterium found commonly in temperate and warm estuarine waters worldwide. V. parahaemolyticus is considered an emerging bacterial pathogen in Europe and has been responsible for several recent seafood-associated outbreaks. During ad hoc testing
PMID 23455432

Isolation and characterization of pandemic and nonpandemic strains of Vibrio parahaemolyticus from an outbreak of diarrhea in North 24 Parganas, West Bengal, India.

Chowdhury G, Ghosh S, Pazhani GP, Paul BK, Maji D, Mukhopadhyay AK, Ramamurthy T.Author information National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.AbstractStrains of the enteric pathogen Vibrio parahaemolyticus harboring the thermostable hemolysin (TDH) encoding gene tdh is known to cause epidemic and pandemic diarrhea. In industrialized countries, this pathogen causes sporadic or outbreaks of diarrheal illness associated with consumption of raw or improperly cooked seafood. This report describes a foodborne outbreak of gastroenteritis caused by V. parahaemolyticus in June 2011 following consumption of food served at a funeral reception held at Habra, North 24 Parganas, West Bengal, India. About 650 people attended the function, of whom 44 had acute watery diarrhea with other clinical symptoms; 35 of them were admitted to the District Hospital for the rehydration treatment. Stool specimens collected from three hospitalized cases were positive for V. parahaemolyticus, of which two strains were identified as an O4:K8 serovar and one was identified as O3:K6 serovar. The O3:K6 strain also possessed the pandemic group-specific toxRS gene target (GS), whereas the O4:K8 strains were negative. All strains were polymerase chain reaction-positive for tdh but were polymerase chain reaction-negative for trh. All of the strains were resistant to ampicillin but were pansensitive to other antimicrobials tested. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) analysis using NotI showed that the O3:K6 strain was similar to that of a recent clinical strain from Kolkata, but had diverged from other strains during previous years. In contrast, PFGE analysis showed that the O4:K8 strains were closely related but differed from the Kolkata strain.
Foodborne pathogens and disease.Foodborne Pathog Dis.2013 Apr;10(4):338-42. doi: 10.1089/fpd.2012.1340.
Strains of the enteric pathogen Vibrio parahaemolyticus harboring the thermostable hemolysin (TDH) encoding gene tdh is known to cause epidemic and pandemic diarrhea. In industrialized countries, this pathogen causes sporadic or outbreaks of diarrheal illness associated with consumption of raw or im
PMID 23566271

Japanese Journal

Ecological Study of Pathogenic Vibrios in Aquatic Environments

SHINODA SUMIO,FURUMAI YUKI,KATAYAMA SEI-ICHI,MIZUNO TAMAKI,MIYOSHI SHIN-ICHI
Biocontrol Science 18(1), 53-58, 2013
… The number of Vibrio parahaemolyticus … Various reasons for the decrease in the case of food poisoning by V. … parahaemolyticus … have been suggested but the lower number of the vibrio in aquatic environments may be one explanation. …
NAID 130003373484

食中毒の重要性 : 国際的な視点から (特集食中毒の基礎と臨床 : 疾患メカニズムから予防まで)

西渕光昭
日本臨床 70(8), 1280-1286, 2012-08
NAID 40019375658

Sixty Years from the Discovery of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Some Recollections

SHINODA SUMIO
Biocontrol science 16(4), 129-137, 2011-12-10
… Vibrio parahaemolyticus … was discovered by Tsunesaburo Fujino after a shirasu food poisoning outbreak in 1950, but at that time the isolate was named Pasteurella parahaemolytica, not Vibrio. … Although the isolate resembled Vibrio, some properties did not correspond with those of Vibrio. …
NAID 10030447598