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a pattern of symptoms indicative of some disease
a complex of concurrent things; "every word has a syndrome of meanings"
the personal outfit of a bride; clothes and accessories and linens

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(疾患の徴候となる一群の)症徴候,症候群 / (事件・社会的状態などのパターンを示す)徴候形態
嫁入り道具(衣装)

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/10/14 13:43:46」(JST)

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The Trousseau sign of malignancy or Trousseau's Syndrome is a medical sign involving episodes of vessel inflammation due to blood clot (thrombophlebitis) which are recurrent or appearing in different locations over time (thrombophlebitis migrans or migratory thrombophlebitis). The location of the clot is tender and the clot can be felt as a nodule under the skin.^[1] Trousseau's syndrome is a rare variant of venous thromboembolism (VTE) that is characterized by recurrent, migratory thrombosis in superficial veins and in uncommon sites, such as the chest wall and arms. This syndrome is particularly associated with pancreatic and lung cancer ^[2] Trousseau's sign can be an early sign of gastric or pancreatic cancer,^[3] typically appearing months to years before the tumor would be otherwise detected.^[4] Heparin therapy is recommended to prevent future clots.^[5] The Trousseau sign of malignancy should not be confused with the Trousseau sign of latent tetany caused by hypocalcemia.

History

Armand Trousseau first described this finding in the 1860s; he later found the same sign in himself, was subsequently diagnosed with pancreatic cancer and died soon thereafter.^[6] Dr. Trousseau presciently attributed thromboembolism in malignancy to changes in blood composition rather than local inflammatory or mechanical forces. By correlating clinical observation with surgical and autopsy findings, Dr. Trousseau recognized that a localized cancer could induce a generalized hypercoagulable state in which thrombosis could occur elsewhere in the body, such as in extremities with visceral malignancy. Dr. Trousseau described several cases in which recurrent thrombosis was the presenting feature of visceral cancer, and his confidence in the utility of this connection led him to say, "So great, in my opinion, is the semiotic value of phlegmasia in the cancerous cachexia, that I regard this phlegmasia as a sign of the cancerous diathesis as certain as sanguinolent effusion into the serous cavities."

Pathophysiology

Some malignancies, especially gliomas (25%), as well as adenocarcinomas of the pancreas and lung, are associated with hypercoagulability (the tendency to form blood clots) for reasons that are incompletely understood, but may be related to factors secreted by the tumors, in particular a circulating pool of cell-derived tissue factor-containing microvesicles.^[7] Some adenocarcinomas secrete mucin that can interact with selectin found on platelets, thereby causing small clots to form ^[8]^[9]

In patients with malignancy-associated hypercoagulable states, the blood may spontaneously form clots in the portal vessels, the deep veins of the extremities (such as the leg), or the superficial veins anywhere on the body. These clots present as visibly swollen blood vessels (vasculitis), especially the veins, or as intermittent pain in the affected areas.

References

^ Trousseau's sign of visceral malignancy in GPnotebook, retrieved November 2012
^ Caine, Graham (Nov 2002). "The Hypercoagulable State of Malignancy: Pathogenesis and Current Debate". Neoplasia: 465–473. doi:10.1038/sj.neo.7900263. PMC 1550339. Retrieved 24 April 2015.
^ Callander, N; S I Rapaport (1993). "Trousseau's syndrome.". Western Journal of Medicine 158 (4): 364–371. ISSN 0093-0415. PMC 1022062. PMID 8317122.
^ "Trousseau sign" at Dorland's Medical Dictionary
^ Callander, N; S I Rapaport (1993). "Trousseau's syndrome.". Western Journal of Medicine 158 (4): 364–371. ISSN 0093-0415. PMC 1022062. PMID 8317122.
^ Samuels MA, King ME, Balis U (2002). "Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological exercises. Case 31-2002. A 61-year-old man with headache and multiple infarcts". N. Engl. J. Med. 347 (15): 1187–94. doi:10.1056/NEJMcpc020117. PMID 12374880.
^ Del Conde I, Bharwani LD, Dietzen DJ, Pendurthi U, Thiagarajan P, López JA.(2007) Microvesicle-associated tissue factor and Trousseau's syndrome. J Thromb Haemost 5:70-4
^ Wahrenbrock M, Borsig L, Le D, Varki N, Varki A. (2003) "Selectin-mucin interactions as a probable molecular explanation for the association of Trousseau syndrome with mucinous adenocarcinomas." J Clin Invest 112: 853-862.
^ Varki, Ajit (2007). "Trousseau's syndrome: multiple definitions and multiple mechanisms". Blood 110 (6): 1723–1729. doi:10.1182/blood-2006-10-053736. ISSN 0006-4971. PMC 1976377. PMID 17496204.

UpToDate Contents

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1. 悪性腫瘍に関連した凝固亢進状態の病因 pathogenesis of the hypercoagulable state associated with malignancy
2. 下肢の表在性血栓性静脈炎 superficial thrombophlebitis of the lower extremity
3. 成人における播種性血管内凝固の臨床的特徴、診断、および治療 clinical features diagnosis and treatment of disseminated intravascular coagulation in adults
4. 低カルシウム血症の臨床症状 clinical manifestations of hypocalcemia
5. 下肢深部静脈血栓症の治療の概要 overview of the treatment of lower extremity deep vein thrombosis dvt

English Journal

Spectrum of Temporal Bone Abnormalities in Patients with Waardenburg Syndrome and SOX10 Mutations.

Elmaleh-Bergès M, Baumann C, Noël-Pétroff N, Sekkal A, Couloigner V, Devriendt K, Wilson M, Marlin S, Sebag G, Pingault V.SourceDepartments of Pediatric Imaging, Clinical Genetics, and Otorhinolaryngology, Hôpital Robert Debré, Paris, France; Center for Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France; Department of Clinical Genetics, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia; Centre de Référence des Surdités Génétiques, Hôpital Armand-Trousseau, Paris, France; and Laboratoire de Biochimie et Génétique, AP-HP, Hôpital Henri Mondor-Albert Chenevier, Créteil, France.
AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology.AJNR Am J Neuroradiol.2012 Dec 13. [Epub ahead of print]
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:Waardenburg syndrome, characterized by deafness and pigmentation abnormalities, is clinically and genetically heterogeneous, consisting of 4 distinct subtypes and involving several genes. SOX10 mutations have been found both in types 2 and 4 Waardenburg syndrome and neurologic
PMID 23237859

Does rituximab induce hypogammaglobulinemia in patients with pediatric idiopathic nephrotic syndrome?

Delbe-Bertin L, Aoun B, Tudorache E, Lapillone H, Ulinski T.SourceDepartment of Pediatric Nephrology, Armand Trousseau Hospital, AP-HP, 75012, Paris, France.
Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany).Pediatr Nephrol.2012 Dec 5. [Epub ahead of print]
BACKGROUND: Rituximab (RTX) is a promising strategy for treating steroid-dependent idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (SDNS). RTX induces profound B-cell depletion, suggesting hypogammaglobulinemia as a potential side effect after long-term treatment.PATIENTS AND METHODS: We analyzed immunoglobulin G (Ig
PMID 23212560

Japanese Journal

Non-bacterial thrombotic endocarditis associated with Trousseau's syndrome

NAKASHIMA Keisuke,MORI Mika,HARAKI Tatsuo,HIRASE Hiroaki,YOSHIMUTA Tsuyoshi,ICHIDA Fukiko,OKEIE Kazuyasu,KONNO Tetsuo,HAYASHI Kenshi,INO Hidekazu,KAWASHIRI Masa-aki,YAMAGISHI Masakazu
Journal of echocardiography : official publication of the Japanese Society of Echocardiography 10(3), 115-116, 2012-09-28
NAID 10031122211