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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/09/14 15:17:19」(JST)

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English Journal

Pooling of cultured samples and comparison of multistate laboratory workflows with the MagMAX sample preparation system and VetMAX quantitative polymerase chain reaction reagents for detection of Tritrichomonas foetus-colonized bulls.

Effinger L, Peddireddi L, Simunich M, Oberst R, O'Connell C, Leyva-Baca I.Author information Oregon Department of Agriculture, Animal Health and Identification Division, Animal Health Laboratory, Salem, OR (Effinger).AbstractThe objectives of the current study were 1) to compare sample preparation workflows and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction assays (qPCR) as currently used in veterinary diagnostic laboratories with a study protocol utilizing commercially available reagents for individual Tritrichomonas foetus testing, 2) to assess the accuracy of pooling cultured smegma samples followed by extraction and qPCR testing as used in the study laboratory, and 3) to assess the specificity of the currently used primers and probes by sequencing all positive and presumptive positive samples identified in the study laboratory in an attempt to capture any nucleotide variability between T. foetus isolates and to rule out false-positive results possibly due to Simplicimonas moskowitzi. Eight hundred three cultured smegma samples were collected from different regions of the United States with the collaboration of 5 veterinary testing laboratories. The samples were processed individually by the respective laboratories, and then sent to the study laboratory and retested using the study protocol. Comparison testing showed an overall agreement of 95.89% between the veterinary testing laboratories and the study laboratory. One hundred seventy-six positive or presumptive positive samples plus 625 negative qPCR samples were combined and retested using a pooling protocol. Pools consisted of 1 positive sample and 4 negative samples (1/5). These pools were processed using the same study laboratory protocols, and 96% of the positive samples were detected in these pools. Nested PCR followed by sequencing confirmed 175 of the 178 samples classified as positive or presumptive positive in the study laboratory as containingT. foetus-specific DNA.
Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation : official publication of the American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians, Inc.J Vet Diagn Invest.2013 Dec 16. [Epub ahead of print]
The objectives of the current study were 1) to compare sample preparation workflows and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction assays (qPCR) as currently used in veterinary diagnostic laboratories with a study protocol utilizing commercially available reagents for individual Tritrichomonas
PMID 24343558

Intestinal Tritrichomonas foetus infection in cats: a retrospective study of 104 cases.

Xenoulis PG, Lopinski DJ, Read SA, Suchodolski JS, Steiner JM.Author information Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.AbstractThe clinical presentation and response to treatment of cats infected with Tritrichomonas foetus have not been sufficiently described in a large number of pet cats. The aim of this study was to collect and analyze clinical data from pet cats diagnosed with intestinal T foetus infection. Clinical information was collected for 104 cats that tested polymerase chain reaction-positive for T foetus. The most common clinical sign was diarrhea (98%) with a median duration of 135 days (range 1-2880 days). Forty-nine of 83 (59%) cats had diarrhea since adoption. Other clinical signs included anorexia (22%), depression (24%), weight loss or failure to gain weight (20%), vomiting (19%), abdominal pain (9%) and increased appetite (3%). A total of 45 cats had completed treatment with ronidazole, 29 of which (64%) showed a good clinical response to treatment. Sixteen (36%) cats had either partial or no improvement, or a relapse shortly after discontinuation of treatment.
Journal of feline medicine and surgery.J Feline Med Surg.2013 Dec;15(12):1098-103. doi: 10.1177/1098612X13495024. Epub 2013 Jul 9.
The clinical presentation and response to treatment of cats infected with Tritrichomonas foetus have not been sufficiently described in a large number of pet cats. The aim of this study was to collect and analyze clinical data from pet cats diagnosed with intestinal T foetus infection. Clinical info
PMID 23838083

Sensitivity of a real-time polymerase chain reaction for Tritrichomonas fetus in direct individual and pooled preputial samples.

García Guerra A, Hill JE, Waldner CL, Campbell J, Hendrick S.Author information Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada. Electronic address: a.garciaguerra@usask.ca.AbstractThe objective of this study was to evaluate the sensitivity of a commercially available real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test for the detection of Tritrichomonas fetus in individual and pooled direct preputial samples. Two samples were collected and processed once a week from nine T. fetus-infected bulls (n = 121) and placed into either an InPouch TF or 2 mL of PBS. Preputial samples were also collected into both media and PBS from 1016 other bulls. All pouches were cultured and evaluated as per manufacturer's instructions. The prepuce samples collected directly into PBS were individually evaluated using real-time PCR by a commercial diagnostic laboratory. Direct preputial samples were then randomly divided for pooling into groups of 5 and 10 samples, ensuring that every pool had one sample from a known infected bull before testing using real-time PCR. Sensitivity was estimated for culture and real-time PCR of the 121 direct and culture-enriched individual samples from nine infected bulls. There were no differences (P = 0.12) among the sensitivity estimates for culture, 95.0% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 89.6%-97.7%); real-time PCR of culture-enriched samples, 95.9% (95% CI: 90.7-98.2); and direct preputial samples, 90.1% (95% CI: 83.5-94.2). There was also no significant difference (P = 0.08) between the sensitivity of real-time PCR for direct preputial samples in 110 pools of 5 (83.6%, 95% CI: 75.6-89.4) or 10 samples (77.3%, 95% CI: 68.6-84.1). The use of three sequential direct samples, collected in PBS at weekly intervals and tested by real-time PCR, increased the sensitivity to 100% for pools of 5 and 96% for pools of 10. In conclusion, direct preputial samples collected in PBS and tested by real-time PCR individually have comparable sensitivity to culture and real-time PCR in enriched samples. The use of pooled direct preputial samples appears to be relatively sensitive. However, this strategy requires repeated sampling to optimize sensitivity. Real-time PCR testing of preputial samples collected directly into PBS with the option of pooling would decrease the cost associated with screening bulls, and increase the feasibility of large epidemiological studies and active surveillance.
Theriogenology.Theriogenology.2013 Dec;80(9):1097-103. doi: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2013.08.011. Epub 2013 Sep 17.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the sensitivity of a commercially available real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test for the detection of Tritrichomonas fetus in individual and pooled direct preputial samples. Two samples were collected and processed once a week from nine T. fetus-
PMID 24054553

Japanese Journal

Microbiological survey of mice (Mus musculus) purchased from commercial pet shops in Kanagawa and Tokyo, Japan

HAYASHIMOTO Nobuhito,MORITA Hanako,ISHIDA Tomoko,UCHIDA Ritsuki,TANAKA Mai,OZAWA Midori,YASUDA Masahiko,ITOH Toshio
Experimental Animals, 2014
… Tritrichomonas muris was the most common parasite (19 mice; …
NAID 130004704325