ネズミ鞭虫
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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』「2014/07/05 21:53:34」(JST)
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Trichuris muris |
Scientific classification |
Kingdom: |
Animalia |
Phylum: |
Nematoda |
Class: |
Adenophorea |
Subclass: |
Enoplia |
Order: |
Trichurida |
Family: |
Trichuridae |
Genus: |
Trichuris |
Species: |
Trichuris muris |
Trichuris muris is a nematode parasite of mice. It is very similar to the human roundworm parasite Trichuris trichiura due to its immunological reactivity when crossed,[1] and so is often used in related studies.[2] Ingesting material that contains embryonated eggs allows for transmission and infection to occur. The eggs travel down to the cecum - a pouch located at the start of the large intestine - where larval hatching is induced. The larvae proceed to penetrate through the mucosal epithelium, then molt into their secondary stage of infection after 9–11 days. Seventeen days after infection, the larvae arrive at the tertiary stage followed by a quaternary molt 5 days later. The larvae complete their last molt 29 days post-infection and transform into mature dioecious adults. These whipworms utilize their anterior ends to embed themselves into the cells that line the walls of the large intestine. After establishing their place in the intestinal wall, the adult worms mate and release unembryonated eggs into the environment via the feces.[3]
According to research conducted by Hayes et al., T. muris relies on direct contact with intestinal bacteria in order to promote hatching of the embryonated eggs. Using green fluorescent protein (GFP) and E. coli strains, the authors were able to observe that the bacteria gathered specifically around the opercula, which are located at the poles of the eggs. The bacteria contain type 1 fimbriae, which possess adhesin FimH at their fimbrial tips. FimH interacts with a mannosylated receptor found on the egg's surface. When bound, a signal transduction cascade is triggered and results in the worm emerging from the egg. Temperature, in particular at 37°C, served as an additional hatching cue - this specific temperature is thought to prevent T. muris eggs from hatching in unideal outside environments.[4]
The relationship between T. muris and bacteria also has a significant effect on the host's immune response. In the article Exploitation of the Intestinal Microflora by the Parasitic Nematode Trichuris muris, authors K.S. Hayes et al., treated AKR and SCID (severe combined immunodeficient) mice with enrofloxacin, a fluoroquinoline antibiotic, in order to observe potential effects on worm establishment. The activation of type 2 helper cells (Th2) is decreased in the presence of antibiotics because there are fewer whipworms binding to the intestinal walls. This in turn drives up the proliferation and differentiation of Th17 and Th1 cells. Eighteen days after infection, the worm burden in antibiotically-treated mice was drastically reduced (P<0.001), further supporting the notion that bacteria are essential to the worms' establishment.[4]
References
- ^ [1]
- ^ Sanger Institute Wellcome Trust - T. muris Project
- ^ [2]
- ^ a b Hayes et al 2010 Science 328: 1391
See also
- Heligmosomoides polygyrus
- Nippostrongylus brasiliensis
UpToDate Contents
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- 1. 蟯虫症および鞭虫症 enterobiasis pinworm and trichuriasis whipworm
- 2. 集団寄生虫駆除 population deworming
- 3. 駆虫薬療法 anthelminthic therapies
- 4. 小児における直腸脱の概要 overview of rectal prolapse in children
- 5. 国際養子縁組:感染症の側面 international adoption infectious disease aspects
English Journal
- Regulatory T cells limit induction of protective immunity and promote immune pathology following intestinal helminth infection.
- Sawant DV1, Gravano DM, Vogel P, Giacomin P, Artis D, Vignali DA.
- Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950).J Immunol.2014 Mar 15;192(6):2904-12. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1202502. Epub 2014 Feb 14.
- Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells (Tregs) have a well-characterized role in limiting autoimmunity and dampening deleterious immune responses. However, a potential consequence of the immunosuppressive function of Tregs can be the limitation of protective immunity to infectious pathogens. Parasitic infectio
- PMID 24532574
- Sex-dependent genetic effects on immune responses to a parasitic nematode.
- Hayes KS, Hager R1, Grencis RK.
- BMC genomics.BMC Genomics.2014 Mar 14;15:193. doi: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-193.
- BACKGROUND: Many disease aetiologies have sex specific effects, which have important implications for disease management. It is now becoming increasingly evident that such effects are the result of the differential expression of autosomal genes rather than sex-specific genes. Such sex-specific varia
- PMID 24628794
- Increased susceptibility to Trichuris muris infection and exacerbation of colitis in Mdr1a-/- mice.
- Bhardwaj EK, Else KJ, Rogan MT, Warhurst G.
- World journal of gastroenterology : WJG.World J Gastroenterol.2014 Feb 21;20(7):1797-806. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i7.1797.
- AIM: To investigate the influence of Trichuris muris (T. muris) infection in a mouse model of genetic susceptibility to inflammatory bowel disease, Mdr1a-/-.METHODS: Mdr1a-/- mice were housed under specific pathogen free conditions to slow the development of colitis and compared to congenic FVB cont
- PMID 24587657
Japanese Journal
- Anti-IL-9 vaccination prevents worm expulsion and blood eosinophilia in Trichuris muris-infected mice
- 岩手県で捕獲された野生ネズミの内部寄生虫相(短報)(寄生虫病学)
- 伊藤 めぐみ,板垣 匡
- The journal of veterinary medical science 65(10), 1151-1153, 2003-10-25
- 1995年10月から12月および1996年4月から10月に岩手県盛岡市およびその近郊で捕獲された野生ネズミ(アカネズミ58匹,ヒメネズミ29匹,ハタネズミ7匹)について,内部寄生虫を調査した.これらの野生ネズミから,吸虫類2種,条虫類4種以上,線虫類9種および原虫類3種が検出された.アカネズミとヒメネズミの寄生虫相は互いに類似していたが,これらとハタネズミの寄生虫相は著しく異なっていた.
- NAID 110003886146
- Genetic and morphological heterogeneity in small rodent whipworms in south-westem Europe : characterisation of Trichuris muris and description of Trichuris arvicolae n. sp. (Nematode : Trichuridae)
Related Links
- Infective dose Apart from host genetic background and gender, the size of infective dose and parasite genetics can also influence the variation in susceptibility to infection with T. muris. It has been demonstrated that decreasing the ...
- This projects aims to sequence the genome of T. muris using second generation sequencing technologies. DNA is being supplied by Dr Allison Bancroft and Professor Richard Grencis from the University of Manchester as part ...
Related Pictures
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鞭虫、鞭虫類、鞭虫属、トリチュリス属、Trichuris属
- 関
- Trichuris trichiura