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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/09/02 16:22:41」(JST)

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The trichomonads are an order, Trichomonadida, of anaerobic protists, included with the parabasalids. Most are either parasites or other endosymbionts of animals. They typically have four to six flagella at the cell's apical pole, one of which is recurrent - that is, it runs along a surface wave, giving the aspect of an undulating membrane. Like other parabasalids, they typically have an axostyle, a pelta, a costa, and parabasal bodies. In Histomonas only one flagellum and a reduced axostyle are found, and in Dientamoeba, both are absent.

Trichomonads reproduce by a special form of longitudinal fission, leading to large numbers of trophozoites in a relatively short time. Cysts never form, so transmission from one host to another is always based on direct contact between the sites they occupy.

Some organisms in this order include:

Trichomonas vaginalis, an organism living inside the vagina of humans
Dientamoeba fragilis, parasitic ameboid in humans
Histomonas meleagridis, parasite that causes blackhead disease in poultry
Mixotricha paradoxa, a symbiotic organism inside termites, host of endosymbionts

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English Journal

Expanded therapeutic potential in activity space of next-generation 5-nitroimidazole antimicrobials with broad structural diversity.

Miyamoto Y, Kalisiak J, Korthals K, Lauwaet T, Cheung DY, Lozano R, Cobo ER, Upcroft P, Upcroft JA, Berg DE, Gillin FD, Fokin VV, Sharpless KB, Eckmann L.Author information Departments of Medicine and Pathology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093.AbstractMetronidazole and other 5-nitroimidazoles (5-NI) are among the most effective antimicrobials available against many important anaerobic pathogens, but evolving resistance is threatening their long-term clinical utility. The common 5-NIs were developed decades ago, yet little 5-NI drug development has since taken place, leaving the true potential of this important drug class unexplored. Here we report on a unique approach to the modular synthesis of diversified 5-NIs for broad exploration of their antimicrobial potential. Many of the more than 650 synthesized compounds, carrying structurally diverse functional groups, have vastly improved activity against a range of microbes, including the pathogenic protozoa Giardia lamblia and Trichomonas vaginalis, and the bacterial pathogens Helicobacter pylori, Clostridium difficile, and Bacteroides fragilis. Furthermore, they can overcome different forms of drug resistance, and are active and nontoxic in animal infection models. These findings provide impetus to the development of structurally diverse, next-generation 5-NI drugs as agents in the antimicrobial armamentarium, thus ensuring their future viability as primary therapeutic agents against many clinically important infections.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A.2013 Oct 22;110(43):17564-9. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1302664110. Epub 2013 Oct 7.
Metronidazole and other 5-nitroimidazoles (5-NI) are among the most effective antimicrobials available against many important anaerobic pathogens, but evolving resistance is threatening their long-term clinical utility. The common 5-NIs were developed decades ago, yet little 5-NI drug development ha
PMID 24101497

Persistence of two Trichomonas gallinae isolates in chlorinated and distilled water with or without organic material.

Gerhold RW, Maestas LP, Harnage PM.Author information The Center for Wildlife Health, Department of Forestry, Wildlife, and Fisheries, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA. rgerhold@utk.eduAbstractTrichomonas gallinae is a protozoan parasite commonly found in columbids, passerines, and raptors. In passerines and columbids, trichomonosis causes significant morbidity and mortality associated with contaminated bird feeders and waters. However, there has been little work on the persistence of T. gallinae in water to determine if artificial waters are a likely source of infection for naive birds. To examine drinking water as a source of T. gallinae transmission, we inoculated 1 x 10(6) trichomonads into containers with 500 ml of either distilled or chlorinated water. In addition, we inoculated the same number of trichomonads in distilled or chlorinated water contaminated with 15 g organic matter. Aliquots of 0.5 ml were collected from each container at 0, 0.5, 1, 5, 10, or 20 min; inoculated into a Trichomonas culture packet; and incubated at 37 C for 6 days. Survival was best in the presence of organic matter, with either distilled or chlorinated water. Uncontaminated chlorinated water did not allow survival at any sampling period.
Avian diseases.Avian Dis.2013 Sep;57(3):681-3.
Trichomonas gallinae is a protozoan parasite commonly found in columbids, passerines, and raptors. In passerines and columbids, trichomonosis causes significant morbidity and mortality associated with contaminated bird feeders and waters. However, there has been little work on the persistence of T.
PMID 24283138

Basic biology of Trichomonas vaginalis: current explorations and future directions.

Land KM, Wrischnik LA.KEYWORDS: MOLECULAR BIOLOGY, PARASITOLOGY, TRICHOMONAS
Sexually transmitted infections.Sex Transm Infect.2013 Sep;89(6):416-7. doi: 10.1136/sextrans-2013-051153.
PMID 23956295

「トリコモナス目」

Trichomonads
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
(unranked):	Excavata
Phylum:	Metamonada
Class:	Parabasalia
Order:	Trichomonadida; Brugerolle & Lee 2000
families
	Calonymphidae; Cochlosomatidae; Devescovinidae; Monocercomonadidae; Trichomonadidae

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ラ: Trichomonadida
関: トリコモナス

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Trichomonadida

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