WordNet
- an earthball fungus that is a dingy brownish yellow and a dark purplish interior; the peridium is covered with a pattern of small warts (同)Scleroderma aurantium
- an autoimmune disease that affects the blood vessels and connective tissue; fibrous connective tissue is deposited in the skin (同)dermatosclerosis
- genus of poisonous fungi having hard-skinned fruiting bodies: false truffles (同)genus Scleroderma
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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』「2015/07/05 15:59:43」(JST)
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Scleroderma citrinum |
|
Scientific classification |
Kingdom: |
Fungi |
Division: |
Basidiomycota |
Class: |
Agaricomycetes |
Order: |
Boletales |
Family: |
Sclerodermataceae |
Genus: |
Scleroderma |
Species: |
S. citrinum |
Binomial name |
Scleroderma citrinum
Pers. |
Scleroderma citrinum |
Mycological characteristics |
|
glebal hymenium |
|
no distinct cap |
|
hymenium attachment is not applicable |
|
lacks a stipe |
|
spore print is purple-black |
|
ecology is mycorrhizal |
|
edibility: poisonous |
Scleroderma citrinum, commonly known as the common earthball,[1] pigskin poison puffball,[2] or common earth ball,[3] is the most common species of earthball in the UK and occurs widely in woods, heathland and in short grass from Autumn to Winter. Scleroderma citrinum has two synonyms, Scleroderma aurantium (Vaill.) and Scleroderma vulgare Horn.[4]
Earthballs are superficially similar to, and considered look-alikes of the edible puffball, but whereas the Puffball has a single opening on top through which the spores are dispersed, the earthball just breaks up to release the spores. Moreover, Scleroderma citrinum has much firmer flesh and a dark gleba (interior) much earlier in development than puffballs. Scleroderma citrinum has no stem but is attached to the soil by mycelial cords. The peridium, or outer wall, is thick and firm, usually ochre yellow externally with irregular warts.
The earthball may be parasitized by Pseudoboletus parasiticus.
Ingestion of scleroderma citrinum can cause gastrointestinal distress in humans and animals, and some individuals may experience lacrimation, rhinitis and rhinorrhea, and conjunctivitis from exposure to its spores.[5][6]
Notes
- ^ "List of Recommended English Names For Fungi in the UK." (Website.) Fungi 4 Schools, by the British Mycological Society. Retrieved on 2007-09-17.
- ^ (January 2005.) "Oxbow National Wildlife Refuge: Final Comprehensive Conservation Plan, January 2005." U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, p. 195, via library.fws.gov. Retrieved on 2007-09-17.
- ^ Falandysz J (March 2002). "Mercury in mushrooms and soil of the Tarnobrzeska Plain, south-eastern Poland". J Environ Sci Health A Tox Hazard Subst Environ Eng 37 (3): 343–52. PMID 11929073.
- ^ Pekşen, Aysun and Gürsel Karaca (2003). "Macrofungi of Samsun Province" (PDF). Turkish Journal of Botany 27: 173–184.
- ^ (October 2006.) "Reflections on Mushroom Poisoning – Part III." (Newsletter.) Fungifama: The Newsletter of the South Vancouver Island Mycological Society, via svims.ca. Retrieved on 2007-09-17.
- ^ Hoffman, Ursula. "Poisonous Mushrooms in Northeastern North America" (Website.) NorthEast Mycological Federation, Inc. Retrieved on 2007-09-17.
References
- Buckzacki, Stefan; John Wilkinson (1982). Mushrooms and Toadstools (Collins Gem Guide). Wm. Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. ISBN 0-00-458812-6.
- Wakefield, Elsie M. (1964). The Observer's Book of Common Fungi (Observer's Pocket Series No. 19) (3rd printing ed.). Frederic Warne & Co Ltd. OCLC 748994120.
External links
- Medicinal Mushrooms Description, bioactive compounds, medicinal properties
- Mushroom Expert Additional information
UpToDate Contents
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English Journal
- Functional profiling and distribution of the forest soil bacterial communities along the soil mycorrhizosphere continuum.
- Uroz S1, Courty PE, Pierrat JC, Peter M, Buée M, Turpault MP, Garbaye J, Frey-Klett P.
- Microbial ecology.Microb Ecol.2013 Aug;66(2):404-15. doi: 10.1007/s00248-013-0199-y. Epub 2013 Mar 1.
- An ectomycorrhiza is a multitrophic association between a tree root, an ectomycorrhizal fungus, free-living fungi and the associated bacterial communities. Enzymatic activities of ectomycorrhizal root tips are therefore result of the contribution from different partners of the symbiotic organ. Howev
- PMID 23455431
- Tolerance to and accumulation of cadmium by the mycelium of the fungi Scleroderma citrinum and Pisolithus tinctorius.
- Carrillo-González R1, González-Chávez Mdel C.
- Biological trace element research.Biol Trace Elem Res.2012 Jun;146(3):388-95. doi: 10.1007/s12011-011-9267-7. Epub 2011 Nov 24.
- The behavior of ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi on exposure to cadmium dependent upon isolation remains a poorly understood phenomenon. The in vitro growth, tolerance, and accumulation of Cd were studied in three strains of ECM fungi exposed to six Cd concentrations (0-10 mg L(-1)). The fungi studied we
- PMID 22113263
- Distinct ectomycorrhizospheres share similar bacterial communities as revealed by pyrosequencing-based analysis of 16S rRNA genes.
- Uroz S1, Oger P, Morin E, Frey-Klett P.
- Applied and environmental microbiology.Appl Environ Microbiol.2012 Apr;78(8):3020-4. doi: 10.1128/AEM.06742-11. Epub 2012 Feb 3.
- Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequences generated from Xerocomus pruinatus and Scleroderma citrinum ectomycorrhizospheres revealed that similar bacterial communities inhabited the two ectomycorrhizospheres in terms of phyla and genera, with an enrichment of the Burkholderia genus. Compared to the bu
- PMID 22307291