WordNet

undergo a test; "She doesnt test well"
any standardized procedure for measuring sensitivity or memory or intelligence or aptitude or personality etc; "the test was standardized on a large sample of students" (同)mental test, mental testing, psychometric test
the act of undergoing testing; "he survived the great test of battle"; "candidates must compete in a trial of skill" (同)trial
the act of testing something; "in the experimental trials the amount of carbon was measured separately"; "he called each flip of the coin a new trial" (同)trial, run
a hard outer covering as of some amoebas and sea urchins
put to the test, as for its quality, or give experimental use to; "This approach has been tried with good results"; "Test this recipe" (同)prove, try, try out, examine, essay
achieve a certain score or rating on a test; "She tested high on the LSAT and was admitted to all the good law schools"
determine the presence or properties of (a substance)
show a certain characteristic when tested; "He tested positive for HIV"
an examination of the characteristics of something; "there are laboratories for commercial testing"; "it involved testing thousands of children for smallpox"
the act of subjecting to experimental test in order to determine how well something works; "they agreed to end the testing of atomic weapons"
tested and proved useful or correct; "a tested method" (同)tried, well-tried
tested and proved to be reliable (同)time-tested, tried, tried and true

PrepTutorEJDIC

(人の能力などの)『試験』,考査,テスト / (物事の)『試験』,検済,試錬,実験《+of+名》 / 化学分析;試薬 / =test match / …‘を'『試験する』,検査する / …‘を'化学分析する / (…の)試験を受ける,試験をする《+for+名》
testis の複数形

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/06/09 15:41:25」(JST)

wiki en

In statistics, Scheffé's method, named after the American statistician Henry Scheffé, is a method for adjusting significance levels in a linear regression analysis to account for multiple comparisons. It is particularly useful in analysis of variance, and in constructing simultaneous confidence bands for regressions involving basis functions.

Scheffé's method is a single-step multiple comparison procedure which applies to the set of estimates of all possible contrasts among the factor level means, not just the pairwise differences considered by the Tukey–Kramer method.

The method [edit]

Let μ₁, ..., μ_r be the means of some variable in r disjoint populations.

An arbitrary contrast is defined by

where

If μ₁, ..., μ_r are all equal to each other, then all contrasts among them are 0. Otherwise, some contrasts differ from 0.

Technically there are infinitely many contrasts. The simultaneous confidence coefficient is exactly 1 − α, whether the factor level sample sizes are equal or unequal. (Usually only a finite number of comparisons are of interest. In this case, Scheffé's method is typically quite conservative, and the experimental error rate will generally be much smaller than α.)^[1]^[2]

We estimate C by

for which the estimated variance is

where

n_i is the size of the sample taken from the ith population (the one whose mean is μ_i), and
is the estimated variance of the errors.

It can be shown that the probability is 1 − α that all confidence limits of the type

are simultaneously correct.

Denoting Scheffé significance in a table [edit]

Frequently, superscript letters are used to indicate which values are significantly different using the Scheffé method. For example, when mean values of variables that have been analyzed using an ANOVA are presented in a table, they are assigned a different letter superscript based on a Scheffé contrast. Values that are not significantly different based on the post-hoc Scheffé contrast will have the same superscript and values that are significantly different will have different superscripts (i.e. 15a, 17a, 34b would mean that the first and second variables both differ from the third variable but not each other because they are both assigned the superscript "a").^{[citation needed]}

Comparison with the Tukey–Kramer method [edit]

If only pairwise comparisons are to be made, the Tukey–Kramer method will result in a narrower confidence limit, which is preferable. In the general case when many or all contrasts might be of interest, the Scheffé method tends to give narrower confidence limits and is therefore the preferred method.

References [edit]

^ Scott E. Maxwell and Harold D. Delaney. Designing Experiments and Analyzing Data: A Model Comparison. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 2004, ISBN 0-8058-3718-3, pp. 217–218.
^ George A. Milliken and Dallas E. Johnson. Analysis of Messy Data. CRC Press, 1993, ISBN 0-412-99081-4, pp. 35–36.

Bohrer, Robert (1967) "On Sharpening Scheffé Bounds", Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series B, 29 (1), 110–114 JSTOR 2984571

Scheffé, H. (1959). The Analysis of Variance. Wiley, New York. (reprinted 1999, ISBN 0-471-34505-9)

External links [edit]

Scheffé's method

This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the National Institute of Standards and Technology.

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

1. ダウン症および18トリソミーに対するスクリーニングのための、妊娠初期における
combined testおよびintegrated test first trimester combined test and integrated tests for screening for down syndrome and trisomy 18
2. バソプレシンおよびデスモプレシン刺激試験 vasopressin and desmopressin stimulation test
3. コルチコトロピン-放出ホルモン（CRH）刺激試験 corticotropin releasing hormone stimulation test
4. 膵外分泌機能検査 pancreatic exocrine function tests
5. 活動的な成人における膝痛の評価 evaluation of the active adult patient with knee pain

English Journal

Hearing preservation using topical dexamethasone alone and associated with hyaluronic acid in cochlear implantation.

Ramos BF1, Tsuji RK, Bento RF, Goffi-Gomez MV, Ramos HF, Samuel PA, Brito R.
Acta oto-laryngologica.Acta Otolaryngol.2015 May;135(5):473-7. doi: 10.3109/00016489.2014.995831. Epub 2015 Feb 26.
CONCLUSION: Topical dexamethasone associated with hyaluronic acid in cochlear implant surgery demonstrated a statistically significant difference in the preservation of low-frequency thresholds when compared with topical dexamethasone alone and a control group. Topical dexamethasone alone was not su
PMID 25719419

Building a better mousetrap II: using Design of Experiments with unconfounded ions to compare the growth of different microalgae.

Hallenbeck PC1, Grogger M2, Mraz M2, Veverka D2.
Bioresource technology.Bioresour Technol.2015 May;184:90-9. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.11.006. Epub 2014 Nov 13.
A large number of unconfounded media variations were used with a Scheffe Mix Model to examine in an unambiguous fashion the effects of variations in six important ions; NH4(+), NO3(-), Na(+), K(+), PO4(-), and Cl(-), on the growth of Chlorella vulgaris. This allows several novel observations on medi
PMID 25465789

Building a better mousetrap I: using Design of Experiments with unconfounded ions to discover superior media for growth and lipid production by Chlorella sp. EN1234.

Hallenbeck PC1, Grogger M2, Mraz M2, Veverka D2.
Bioresource technology.Bioresour Technol.2015 May;184:82-9. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.10.144. Epub 2014 Nov 5.
An unconfounded Scheffe Mix approach was used to probe important ions and their interactions in supporting biomass and lipid production by Chlorella sp. EN1234. Six major cations and anions; NH4(+), NO3(-), Na(+), K(+) PO4(-) and Cl(-) were examined. Piepel plots and RSM analysis showed that in a nu
PMID 25465787

Japanese Journal

Clinical physical therapists research activity reality and barriers to their utilizing research findings

Park Kyungyeon,Choi Boram,Han Dongwook
Journal of Physical Therapy Science 27(7), 2091-2095, 2015
… Differences in barrier levels related to the likelihood of therapists using research findings in their practice varied according to the general characteristics of the result as according to the t-test and ANOVA. … Scheffe's test was used as a post hoc test. …
NAID 130005089064

Relationship between Jacket Comfort and Stiffness of Adhesive Interlining

KIM KyoungOk,SUGIYAMA Chihiro,TAKATERA Masayuki
International Journal of Affective Engineering 14(3), 137-142, 2015
… Scheffe's paired comparison test was performed for sensory evaluation of four jackets of the same pattern: one without interlining and three with different adhesive interlinings. …
NAID 130005086756