WordNet
- German bacteriologist who described a disease now known as Reiters syndrome and who identified the spirochete that causes syphilis in humans (1881-1969) (同)Hans Conrad Julius Reiter
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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』「2015/06/24 08:01:18」(JST)
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For other uses of this word, see Reiter (disambiguation).
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German style reiter cavalry circa 1577
Reiter (1800) by Piotr Michałowski
A typical black'n'white armour worn by Schwarze Reiter at 16th century
German:
Reitschwert (Reiter swords)
German:
Reiterpistole (Reiter' pistol) compared with ordinary pistol
Reiters (German: Reiter, or horserider, shortened from the original “Schwarze Reiter”—literally, "black riders" for the colour of their armour) were a type of cavalry, which appeared in the armies of Western Europe in the 16th century in place of the outmoded lance-armed knights, at the same time that cuirassiers and dragoons began to attain typological distinction from other kinds of cavalry. The Reiters raised firearms to the status of primary weapons, as opposed to earlier Western European heavy cavalry which primarily relied upon mêlée weapons.
The Reiters' main weapons were two or more pistols and a sword; most wore helmets and cuirasses and often additional armor for the arms and legs; sometimes they also carried a long cavalry firearm known as an arquebus or a carbine (although this type of horsemen soon became regarded as a separate class of cavalry—the arquebusier or in Britain harquebusier).
In general, the Reiters were expected to be able to engage their opponents both with firearms and sword. In the 16th century and up to about 1620, Reiters often formed up in deep blocks and used their firearms in a caracole attack in the hopes of disordering the enemy infantry before charging home and engaging in hand-to-hand combat. However, enterprising commanders such as Henry IV and Gustavus Adolphus preferred to employ their Reiters and other heavy cavalry in a more aggressive manner, ordering them to press the charge and fire their pistols at point-blank range (especially against well-armored enemies) or use their swords instead. Using either or both of these tactics, Reiters could be incredibly effective when properly employed. A particular case in point is the Battle of Turnhout, where a force of Dutch Reiters under Maurice of Nassau defeated the opposing Spanish cavalry and then successfully engaged the Spanish infantry with a combination of pistol volleys and sword-in-hand charges.
The Reiters mostly consisted of Germans and served in the armies of the German states, Sweden as "raitars", Poland as Polish: "rajtaria", and elsewhere. There were also Reiter regiments in Russia between the 1630s and late 17th century (see Regiments of the new order).
In the later 17th century the Reiters gradually merged into generic cavalry regiments and were no longer seen as a distinct class of horseman.
References
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English Journal
- Different surface sensing of the cell body and nucleus in healthy primary cells and in a cancerous cell line on nanogrooves.
- Davidson PM1, Bigerelle M2, Reiter G3, Anselme K1.
- Biointerphases.Biointerphases.2015 Oct 1;10(3):031004. doi: 10.1116/1.4927556.
- Cancer cells are known to have alterations compared to healthy cells, but can these differences extend to the way cells interact with their environment Here, the authors focused on the alignment on an array of grooves of nanometer depth using two cell types: healthy osteoprogenitor primary cells (H
- PMID 26231726
- Imaging of myocardial inflammation with somatostatin receptor based PET/CT - A comparison to cardiac MRI.
- Lapa C1, Reiter T2, Li X3, Werner RA4, Samnick S3, Jahns R5, Buck AK3, Ertl G2, Bauer WR2.
- International journal of cardiology.Int J Cardiol.2015 Sep 1;194:44-9. doi: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.05.073. Epub 2015 May 16.
- BACKGROUND: Acute myocarditis as well as post-ischemic myocardial inflammation are generally associated with a profound activation of the immune system. Current established imaging techniques such as cardiac MRI reliably demonstrate signs of acute myocardial injury. However, detection of mediating c
- PMID 26005805
- Melatonin alleviates brain injury in mice subjected to cecal ligation and puncture via attenuating inflammation, apoptosis, and oxidative stress: the role of SIRT1 signaling.
- Zhao L1, An R2, Yang Y1, Yang X1, Liu H1, Yue L1, Li X1, Lin Y3, Reiter RJ4, Qu Y1.
- Journal of pineal research.J Pineal Res.2015 Sep;59(2):230-9. doi: 10.1111/jpi.12254. Epub 2015 Jun 24.
- Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory response to infection that causes severe neurological complications. Previous studies have suggested that melatonin is protective during sepsis. Additionally, silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) was reported to be beneficial in sepsis. However, the role of SIRT1
- PMID 26094939
Japanese Journal
- 私の経験 典型的な経過を経たReiter症候群の1例
- 尿路上皮癌BCG膀胱内注入療法によるReiter症候群 : 自験例の6症例を加えた本邦過去13年間の症例報告のまとめ
- 日本泌尿器科学会雑誌 = The Japanese journal of urology 106(4), 238-242, 2015-10
- NAID 40020624917
- Spectroscopy of η′-nucleus bound states at GSI and FAIR --very preliminary results and future prospects--
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- 1.反応性関節炎(ライター症候群)とは?(定義) ライター症候群は、1916年にHans Reiterによって、赤痢罹患後に、関節炎、尿道炎、結膜炎の三徴を示した1症例が報告されました。1981年に米国リウマチ学会が尿道炎、子宮頸管炎 ...
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