WordNet

the quantity contained in a box; "he gave her a box of chocolates" (同)boxful
evergreen shrubs or small trees (同)boxwood
a rectangular drawing; "the flowchart contained many boxes"
hit with the fist; "Ill box your ears!"
the drivers seat on a coach; "an armed guard sat in the box with the driver" (同)box_seat
private area in a theater or grandstand where a small group can watch the performance; "the royal box was empty" (同)loge
a (usually rectangular) container; may have a lid; "he rummaged through a box of spare parts"
a blow with the hand (usually on the ear); "I gave him a good box on the ear"
any one of several designated areas on a ball field where the batter or catcher or coaches are positioned; "the umpire warned the batter to stay in the batters box"
separate partitioned area in a public place for a few people; "the sentry stayed in his box to avoid the cold"
put into a box; "box the gift, please" (同)package
engage in a boxing match
enclosed in or set off by a border or box; "boxed sections of the report"; "boxed announcements in the newspaper"
enclosed in or as if in a box; "boxed cigars"; "a confining boxed-in space"; "felt boxed in by the traffic" (同)boxed-in, boxed in
fighting with the fists (同)pugilism, fisticuffs

PrepTutorEJDIC

『箱』 / (の…)『1箱』《+『of』+『名』》 / (劇場などの)さじき席ます席 / 番小屋,詰め所 / (野球で)バッターボックス;コーチャーズボックス;ピッチャーズマウンド;キャッチャーの定位置 / (線で囲った)四角のわく,囲み;(新聞・雑誌の) / (郵便の)私書箱 / 《the box》《英俗》テレビ / …'を'箱に入れる,箱詰めにする
〈C〉(平手・こぶしの)びんた,張り手,ひと打ち / 〈人〉‘と'ボクシングをする / …'を'平手で打つ,こぶしでなぐる / (…と)ボクシングをする《+『with』(『against』)+『名』》
〈C〉〈U〉ツゲ(常緑低木) / 〈U〉=boxwood
『ボクシング』

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/12/11 11:44:55」(JST)

wiki en

The Pribnow box (also known as the Pribnow-Schaller box) is the sequence TATAAT of six nucleotides (thymine-adenine-thymine-etc.) that is an essential part of a promoter site on DNA for transcription to occur in bacteria.^[1]^[2] It is an idealized or consensus sequence—that is, it shows the most frequently occurring base at each position in a large number of promoters analyzed; individual promoters often vary from the consensus at one or more positions. It is also commonly called the -10 sequence, because it is centered roughly 10 base pairs upstream from the site of initiation of transcription.

The Pribnow box has a function similar to the TATA box that occurs in promoters in eukaryotes and archaea: it is recognized and bound by a subunit of RNA polymerase during initiation of transcription. This region of the DNA is also the first place where base pairs separate during prokaryotic transcription to allow access to the template strand. The AT-richness is important to allow this separation, since adenine and thymine are easier to break apart (not due to the hydrogen bond count^[3]).

It is named after David Pribnow and Heinz Schaller.^[1]^[2]

Probability of occurrence of each nucleotide in E. coli^[4]

T	A	T	A	A	T
82%	89%	52%	59%	49%	89%

References

^ ^a ^b Pribnow, David (March 1975). "Nucleotide sequence of an RNA polymerase binding site at an early T7 promoter". PNAS 72 (3): 784–788. doi:10.1073/pnas.72.3.784. ISSN 1091-6490. PMC 432404. PMID 1093168.
^ ^a ^b Schaller, Heinz; Gray, Christopher; Herrman, Karin (February 1975). "Nucleotide sequence of an RNA polymerase binding site from the DNA of Bacteriophage fd". PNAS 72 (2): 737–741. doi:10.1073/pnas.72.2.737. ISSN 1091-6490. PMC 432391. PMID 1054851.
^ Yakovchuk, Peter; Protozanova, Ekaterina; Frank-Kamenetskii, Maxim D. (January 2006). "Base-stacking and base-pairing contributions into thermal stability of the DNA double helix". Nucleic Acids Research 34 (2): 564–574. doi:10.1093/nar/gkj454. ISSN 0305-1048. PMC 1360284. PMID 16449200.
^ Harley, Calvin B.; Reynolds, Robert P. (March 1987). "Analysis of E. coli promoter sequences" (PDF, 0.9 MB). Nucleic Acids Research 15 (5): 2343–2361. doi:10.1093/nar/15.5.2343. ISSN 0305-1048. PMC 340638. PMID 3550697.

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5. 生物統計学および疫学に関する一般用語集 glossary of common biostatistical and epidemiological terms

English Journal

Natural IS711 insertion causing omp31 gene inactivation in Brucella ovis.

Gyuranecz M, Kreizinger Z, Horváth G, Rónai Z, Dán A, Nagy B, Szeredi L, Makrai L, Jánosi S, Hajtós I, Magyar T, Bhide M, Erdélyi K, Dénes B.Author information Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary. m.gyuranecz@gmail.comAbstractThe present report describes an atypical Brucella ovis strain (Bo10) isolated from the epididymis and testis of an infected ram. Macroscopic and microscopic lesions characteristic for the infection, including positive Brucella immunostaining, were observed within lesions in the genital organs. Compared to other isolates, strain Bo10 required an additional day (a total of 96 hr) of incubation to form visible colonies, showed a distinct carbon source utilization profile, agglutinated only weakly with rough (R) serum, but showed a high capacity for autoagglutination. Isolate Bo10 failed to produce the 1,071-bp fragment in the outer membrane protein (omp) 31 gene-based part of the "Bruce-ladder" multiplex polymerase chain reaction system but did produce a 1,915-bp amplicon, thus presenting a profile similar to Brucella abortus. Sequence analysis of the 1,915-bp fragment revealed an 842-bp long insertion sequence (IS)711 transposon element inserted into the promoter region of the omp31 gene, immediately upstream from the ribosome binding site (-10 box/Pribnow box). Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of a whole-cell lysate showed the absence in Bo10 of the approximately 31-kDa protein fragment associated with omp31. The results demonstrate a natural inactivation of omp31 and, consequently, the absence of the Omp31 protein in this B. ovis isolate. The novel location of IS711 within the genome of a naturally occurring B. ovis strain supports the hypothesis that IS711 could be an active transposon in this Brucella species.
Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation : official publication of the American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians, Inc.J Vet Diagn Invest.2013 Mar;25(2):234-8. doi: 10.1177/1040638712474815. Epub 2013 Feb 12.
The present report describes an atypical Brucella ovis strain (Bo10) isolated from the epididymis and testis of an infected ram. Macroscopic and microscopic lesions characteristic for the infection, including positive Brucella immunostaining, were observed within lesions in the genital organs. Compa
PMID 23404477

Structural and biophysical studies on two promoter recognition domains of the extra-cytoplasmic function sigma factor sigma(C) from Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Thakur KG, Joshi AM, Gopal B.Author information Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India.Abstractsigma factors are transcriptional regulatory proteins that bind to the RNA polymerase and dictate gene expression. The extracytoplasmic function (ECF) sigma factors govern the environment dependent regulation of transcription. ECF sigma factors have two domains sigma(2) and sigma(4) that recognize the -10 and -35 promoter elements. However, unlike the primary sigma factor sigma(A), the ECF sigma factors lack sigma(3), a region that helps in the recognition of the extended -10 element and sigma(1.1), a domain involved in the autoinhibition of sigma(A) in the absence of core RNA polymerase. Mycobacterium tuberculosis sigma(C) is an ECF sigma factor that is essential for the pathogenesis and virulence of M. tuberculosis in the mouse and guinea pig models of infection. However, unlike other ECF sigma factors, sigma(C) does not appear to have a regulatory anti-sigma factor located in the same operon. We also note that M. tuberculosis sigma(C) differs from the canonical ECF sigma factors as it has an N-terminal domain comprising of 126 amino acids that precedes the sigma(C)(2) and sigma(C)(4) domains. In an effort to understand the regulatory mechanism of this protein, the crystal structures of the sigma(C)(2) and sigma(C)(4) domains of sigma(C) were determined. These promoter recognition domains are structurally similar to the corresponding domains of sigma(A) despite the low sequence similarity. Fluorescence experiments using the intrinsic tryptophan residues of sigma(C)(2) as well as surface plasmon resonance measurements reveal that the sigma(C)(2) and sigma(C)(4) domains interact with each other. Mutational analysis suggests that the Pribnow box-binding region of sigma(C)(2) is involved in this interdomain interaction. Interaction between the promoter recognition domains in M. tuberculosis sigma(C) are thus likely to regulate the activity of this protein even in the absence of an anti-sigma factor.
The Journal of biological chemistry.J Biol Chem.2007 Feb 16;282(7):4711-8. Epub 2006 Dec 4.
sigma factors are transcriptional regulatory proteins that bind to the RNA polymerase and dictate gene expression. The extracytoplasmic function (ECF) sigma factors govern the environment dependent regulation of transcription. ECF sigma factors have two domains sigma(2) and sigma(4) that recognize t
PMID 17145760

Increased resistance to beta-lactams in a Klebsiella pneumoniae strain: role of a deletion downstream of the Pribnow box in the blaSHV-1 promoter.

Corvec S, Caroff N, Cosano D, Dauvergne S, Drugeon H, Reynaud A.Author information Laboratoire de Bactériologie-Virologie, Hygiène Hospitalière, CHU de Nantes, 9 quai Moncousu, 44093 Nantes Cedex 01, France. stephane.corvec@chu-nantes.frAbstractTwo hundred and five isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae were collected from Nantes University Hospital in 2002. A new 30bp deletion was detected downstream of the -10 box of the SHV-1 promoter in a clinical K. pneumoniae isolate with a high amoxicillin/clavulanic acid minimum inhibitory concentration. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction revealed increased transcription of bla(SHV-1) mRNA. All conjugation mating assays failed. This new promoter was cloned upstream of the cat gene of the reporter plasmid pKK232-8 and compared with previously described bla(SHV-1) promoters. The deletion induced a 15-fold increase in promoter strength compared with the usual weak promoter. This study reports a new genetic event that increases bla(SHV-1) chromosomal gene expression, which may be of clinical relevance when associated with porin deficiency.
International journal of antimicrobial agents.Int J Antimicrob Agents.2006 Oct;28(4):308-12. Epub 2006 Sep 7.
Two hundred and five isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae were collected from Nantes University Hospital in 2002. A new 30bp deletion was detected downstream of the -10 box of the SHV-1 promoter in a clinical K. pneumoniae isolate with a high amoxicillin/clavulanic acid minimum inhibitory concentration
PMID 16956751